海道测量长期平均海面传递的异步效应计算与分析

利用异步效应的数学表达式,分析了异步效应与长期平均海面传递误差的关系.利用中国海区典型验潮站实测数据进行了异步效应及长期平均海面传递的数值计算,证实异步效应是影响长期平均海面传递精度的主要因素.     

海道测量基准面传递的空间结构及数学模型

基于平均海面的频谱结构和两验潮站潮位之间的关系模型,本文对基准面传递的空间结构及方法原理进行了理论研究。给出了水准联测法的假设条件;发现了同步改正传递法的异步效应和回归分析传递法的时移效应,导出了更精确的传递数学模型;并对几种主要方法进行了理论和实例对比分析。研究还表明:平均海面的回归分析传递法和深度基准面的潮差比传递法均是最小二乘潮位拟合传递法的特殊形式。最小二乘潮位拟合传递法,由于采用了更真实的潮位比较数模而具有更高的传递精度。建议在海道测量工作中广泛使用。     

同步改正法平均海面传递应用于海南岛礁测绘的探讨

同步改正法因其特点和优势被广泛应用于平均海面传递,文中从平均海面的理论定义和实际计算两方面出发,对同步改正平均海面传递法原理进行了论述。利用海南岛周边的长期验潮站数据,按单站传递和多站组网传递分别分析了同步改正平均海面传递的规律。结果表明,单站传递同步观测10 d能满足岛礁测绘对垂直基准面精度的要求,采用多站组网传递能较明显地减少同步时长较短时的极限误差。当采用多站组网平均海面传递同步观测5 d,其极限误差可达10 cm以内,建议在同步观测时间有限时采用该方法。结合海南岛验潮站和岛礁分布情况,同步改正平均海面传递法应用于海南岛礁测绘是可行的。     

海上中距离跨海高程传递方法比较

远离岸线的中距离(30~50 km)海域缺少测绘基础资料,高程传递尚未形成相应的作业体系。为满足海上工程建设的精度要求,采用同步验潮平均海面传递法、GNSS/水准传递法以及DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法,在山东省半封闭海域与开阔海域进行了中距离海上高程传递实验。实验结果表明,15天同步验潮平均海面传递法与GNSS/水准法的精度相当(厘米级),与DTU18全球平均海面模型传递法进行直接传递的差异在15 cm内,可为不同测绘基础条件下海上风电高程基准传递提供作业参考。     

基于区域潮汐场模型的水位控制可行性研究

探讨了基于区域潮汐场模型的水位控制方法中的基准面确定问题,发现余水位控制方法在传递余水位的同时隐含了平均海面传递的事实,因而使区域各点与验潮站的平均海面处于同一历元,而深度基准面的确定误差是该方法的主要误差之一.根据渤海的某次水深测量作业,研究了区域深度基准面的精化,验证了平均海面的传递理论.最后分析了该方法存在的问题...     

关于平均海面精度指标的探讨

考证了"平均海面转测误差不得大于10cm"的由来,分析了提出该精度指标的历史背景及其合理性。在此基础上,建议在目前的客观条件下,应以10cm作为95%置信度的误差指标。针对现行海道测量规范中关于计算平均海面的条目,提出了两点修改意见:一是删除长期站时长要求的条目;二是对于短期站与临时站,强制实施传递技术与精度评估。     

基于不同水位观测时长下的深度基准面精度分析

深度基准面是海图水深的起算面,其精度直接影响着真实水深的精度.《海道测量规范》中对深度基准的求解方法进行了规定,但是未对其求解精度进行要求.因此本文采用我国10个验潮站19a间水位观测数据,分析了各站点不同水位观测时长求解的平均海面精度和深度基准精度,实验结果表明,对于港航区域重要长期验潮站,海图深度基准的设定应该采用基于多年平均海面的深度基准结果:对于短期验潮站来说,基于多年平均海面、年平均海面和转测邻近长期站平均海面三者得到的月深度基准精度大概在5-20cm,且三者之间差别不大.     

计算验潮站平均海面的两种方法的比较

一、引言 国标《海道测量规范》规定:短期验潮站的平均海面,一般用邻近的两个长期验潮站的平均海面转测求得,转测方法:1.几何水准测量法:按国家四等水准测量要求,直接联测两站水准点间的高差,进而求得短期站的平均海面;2.同步改正法:采用30天(一个月)同步观测水位平均值,首先计算长期站的月平均海面与其多年平均海面的差值即同步改正数,然后将短期站的月平均海面加上此同步改正数即可求得短     

近几十年来的全球海面变化

本文分析了全球914个验潮站的月平均海面观测序列.在此基础上以一定的准则对其中有长期观测记录的414个验潮站求出了各验潮站的局部视海面变化速率,并在“均衡基准”下求得了近几十年来全球海面变化的平均速率约为每年缓慢上升1.25～1.45mm.但在地区、海域之间存在明显差异.提出了特别易受海面上升影响的若干地区.     

中国近海海面地形机制研究

介绍了求得中国近海海面地形的几何水准法、球函数模型法、海洋水准法,重点介绍了海洋水准法,并指出用水文资料计算中国近海海面地形时,必须考虑气压的均衡效应和气压的非均衡效应。定量分析了水文因素的影响,气压因素的影响,及太平洋北赤道流(黑潮)对中国近海海面地形的影响,得出了一些有益的结论。     

不同时段下海平面相关参数的差异分析

验潮站观测的海面高度数据是监测海平面变化以及确定平均海面时常使用的重要基础观测信息,针对平均海面以及相对海平面变化速率在不同时段观测资料下结果的差异进行了分析,统计了不同时间尺度平均海面确定的差异,并设计了两组数据实验,具体讨论了不同年份19年观测以及观测时长逐年累加两种情况下,相对海平面变化速率确定结果的规律。实验结果表明,月平均海面具有明显的季节性变化,最大互差可达几十厘米,1年平均海面基本稳定,19年平均海面精度可达厘米级;利用19年的观测资料确定的相对海平面变化速率反映的观测时段内海平面的变化情况,各时段结果差异较大且可靠性较低;为获得稳定可靠的相对海平面变化速率,观测时长应至少涵盖两个潮汐变化周期。     

El Niño and decadal effects on sea‐level variability in northern New Zealand: A wavelet analysis

Sea‐level data from two sites in northern New Zealand, along with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), are analysed for interannual and decadal variability using wavelets. The analysis shows, using statistically significant wavelet power, there is a significant relationship between mean sea level (MSL) and SOI. However, the relationship is highly variable, both in magnitude and in the range of time‐scales over which it occurs. This non‐stationarity necessitates the use of techniques such as wavelets for analysis. An interdecadal response in MSL around northern New Zealand has been isolated, with shifts occurring in 1950 and the late 1970s. This behaviour in MSL appears to coincide with shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, thought previously to be largely centred in the North Pacific. A strong correlation between SOI and sea surface temperature (SST) is also demonstrated. This relationship appears to be stable in magnitude (a large change in SOI produces a large change in SST) and to occur over the same range of time‐scales. More SST and MSL data are required for other parts of New Zealand to determine whether these findings apply elsewhere.     

The circularly propagating pattern of the low-frequencyfluctuations of monthly MSL in the tropical PacificOcean and its correlation with El Nino

The long-term time series analysis of the SST (sea surface temperature) in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean and the monthly MSL (mean sea level) in the tropical Pacific Ocean is conducted. Their quasiperiodic and low-frequency oscillation features are revealed. The significant periods of low-frequency fluctuations for monthly MSL in the area of 20°N-20° S are between 43. 5 months and 50. 0 months, approximating closely to 47. 6 months which is the significant period of SST in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean. From the results of space-spectral analysis, the low-frequency fluctations of monthly MSL in the tropical Pacific Ocean appear to have a anticlockwise circularly-propagating pattern, which is, the Eastern Pacific Ocean (off-shore of Mexico) →the area of NEC (North Equatorial Current) →the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean→the area of NECC (North Equatorial Counter-Current)→the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The phases of the pattern correspond to those of El Nino cycle. On the basis     

Eddy Detection Over Southern Indian Ocean Using TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data

Field biological and geomorphological observations in certain East Asia coasts permit definition of Mean Sea Level (MSL) with an accuracy of ～10 cm, that is, a vertical geodetic datum, as well as recognition of the MSL of fossil shorelines, up to a few thousand years old, mainly associated with tectonic/seismic effects. Subsidence produced by compaction of nearly-surficial strata seems also to be a usual effect. These data indicate that datum variability is a widespread effect in East Asia, time-dependent even at time scales affecting engineering works, but only in a few cases fully predictable.     

中国近海海平面变化研究进展

回顾和总结了近年来有关我国近海地区海平面变化的研究进展。综述了海平面变化的原因，海平面资料获取手段的发展，分析研究海平面变化的方法和模型以及海平面上升速率方面的主要成果；简要介绍了海平面均衡基准订正的意义和主要结论；阐述了1985国家高程基准研究工作和成果。     

Short-Term Vertical Datum Variability and Vertical Crustal Movements in East Asia

Field biological and geomorphological observations in certain East Asia coasts permit definition of Mean Sea Level (MSL) with an accuracy of ∼10 cm, that is, a vertical geodetic datum, as well as recognition of the MSL of fossil shorelines, up to a few thousand years old, mainly associated with tectonic/seismic effects. Subsidence produced by compaction of nearly-surficial strata seems also to be a usual effect. These data indicate that datum variability is a widespread effect in East Asia, time-dependent even at time scales affecting engineering works, but only in a few cases fully predictable.     

Merged Miami Sea Level

Sea level in the vicinity of Miami, Florida, is from three separate time series: Miami Beach (1932–1980), Haulover Pier (1982–1992), and Virginia Key (1994-present). In order to calculate the ensemble trend in Miami mean sea level (MSL), the three records must be merged with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Because NAVD88 minus accepted MSL varies for the stations, the differences are treated as datum shifts, and are corrected accordingly. Thus adjusted, Merged Miami Sea Level (1932–2013) has a linear trend of 23.4 ± 1.3 cm/century, and along with logarithmic and polynomial least-squares fits, all three having a variance explained (r² × 100) of 82.4%.     

大亚湾海区微表层、次表层BOD和COD的研究

研究表明,大亚湾海区海--气界面微表层对BOD和COD均产生了富集,但富集概率有所差别,BOD为87.5%,COD为100%,平均富集因数,BOD为3.00,COD为3.28.BOD和COD与相应的营养盐和Chl·a的回归分析表明,其相关显著性水平,微、次表层优于表、底层.