一种研究空间谱指数变化的新方法

本介绍了一种用于射电天学谱指数研究的新方法－双色微分图解法，在进行谱指数分析所使用的多频图中，一般存在有不同的背景分量及大尺度缓变分量，使用本介绍的新方渚到的结果不受这两种成分的影响，这种新方法还可用于热及非热射电辐射分离，本还给出了应用实例，首次精确计算了ＳＮＲＧ７８．２＋２．１的多频空间谱指数分布。     

费米甚高能γ射线耀变体谱指数、能谱峰值频率和能谱曲率相关性研究

收集了69个费米甚高能γ射线(TeV)耀变体样本的平均态多波段数据,并用对数抛物线模型(The Log-parabolic Model)对能谱分布(The Spectral Energy Distribution, SED)进行拟合,获得相关物理参数。分别对谱指数、能谱峰值频率、能谱曲率3个物理参数进行统计分析,结果如下:(1)高峰频蝎虎天体(High-Synchrotron peaked BL Lacertae objects, HBLs)、中峰频蝎虎天体(Intermediate-Synchrotron peaked BL Lacertae objects, IBLs)、低峰频蝎虎天体(Low Synchrotron peaked BL Lacertae objects, LBLs)和平谱射电类星体(Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars, FSRQs)的谱指数分布各异,除射电波段外,样本中蝎虎天体在不同波段谱指数大小呈现高峰频蝎虎天体中峰频蝎虎天体低峰频蝎虎天体的分布规律;(2)样本中蝎虎天体(BL Lacertae objects)的同步辐射能谱的峰值频率和逆康普顿散射能谱的峰值频率之间呈现正相关关系,表明甚高能γ射线蝎虎天体多波段辐射能较好地用同步自康普顿模型解释;(3)通过聚类分析给定高峰频蝎虎天体、中峰频蝎虎天体、低峰频蝎虎天体和平谱射电类星体的能谱曲率分布范围,表明这4类天体样本的能谱曲率分布不同;(4)同步辐射能谱的峰值频率和逆康普顿散射能谱的峰值频率与红外、光学、紫外和软X射线波段的谱指数之间都呈现较强的负相关关系,而同步辐射能谱曲率和除射电波段外的各波段谱指数之间呈现正相关关系;(5)同步辐射能谱的峰值频率和同步辐射能谱曲率之间呈现较强的负相关关系。     

Fermi耀变体的能谱分布研究

从SSDC (Italian Space Agency Science Data Center)搜集了68个Fermi耀变体的射电至X射线波段的观测数据,用对数抛物线拟合计算了其同步辐射峰的参数.研究了有效谱指数、同步辐射峰值频率和曲率的关系并用有效谱指数估算同步峰频.主要结果有:(1)研究同步峰频和曲率的线性关系发现,对于全部的蝎虎天体(BL Lac),结果与能量依赖加速概率模型的预测一致.但是,如果仅仅考虑高峰频BL Lac,即同步峰频lg (ν_p/Hz) 15.3的BL Lac,其结果却与分数变换加速增益模型的预测结果一致.(2)对于同步峰频相同的源,射电-光学的有效谱指数αro与曲率间有显著的负相关,而光学-X射线的有效谱指数α_(ox)与曲率无关.通过α_(ro)可以确定一个同步峰频与曲率的关系.     

射电喷流中湍动阿耳芬波对相对论电子的加速

本文通过数值求解带电粒子与Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波湍动相互作用的动力学方程，得到了相对论电子在射电喷流中被加速随时间演化的解．高能电子可以加速到Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ因子γｙ～１０６，且形成稳态的幂律谱，尽管其谱指数Ｓ≈ｌ比观测值小，但粒子加速时间约为１０１２－１０１４秒，小于射电斑的寿命１０７年．粒子能谱指数几乎与Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波谱指数和能量损失函数无关．能量损失对加速上限有较大影响．     

AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数周期性变化的研究

收集了AO0235＋164天体射电4．8GHz和14．5GHz波段的光变测量数据,并获得了长期的光变曲线,从光变曲线可以看出其活动是非常剧烈的。利用Jurkevieh方法和自相关函数方法分别对AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数进行周期性分析,并对流量和谱指数进行相关性分析,研究结果表明：（1）AO0235＋164天体射电波段4．8GHz-14．5GHz对应的宽带谱指数,可能存在5．30年的光变周期,与Liu等人用功率谱法在射电波段发现其流量密度可能存在5．59±0．47年的光变周期基本吻合;（2）宽带谱指数与流量密度之间存在相关性。     

BL Lac天体与加速模型（Ⅱ）

本文给出了一个强成束的射电选ＢＬ Ｌａｃ天体的样本，并由加速模型出发详细研究了多波段相关性及谱指数 ，同时对红移本质问题也作了一定讨论。     

明安图观测基地复杂电磁环境和干扰消减措施

射频干扰是射电天文观测设备无法回避的问题。国家天文台(内蒙古)明安图观测基地多台各具特色的射电观测设备、各类电磁辐射源及其传播路径共同组成了复杂的电磁环境。现有超宽带高分辨太阳射电成像观测设备——明安图射电频谱日像仪,以及即将建设的子午二期工程的太阳行星际监测系统,包括米波-十米波射电日像仪、行星际闪烁望远镜和超宽带射电频谱仪等,全部频率覆盖1 MHz～15 GHz,观测结果用于太阳物理、空间天气监测和预报的关键问题研究,也对电磁环境提出了更高要求。介绍了明安图观测基地的观测设备及其地理环境,给出了方位频率功率谱、立体方向图、时间频率功率谱等射频干扰的初步监测结果,讨论了射频干扰预防、消减及射频干扰自监测方案。     

一个微波爆发的源区磁场和高能电子的能流估计

本文分析了１９９３年１０月２日０７：３９：４０－０７：４１：００ＵＴ时段太阳产生的一个多脉冲微波暴的观测，认为它是由多个脉冲爆发叠加在一个慢变爆发背景上组成的．根据谱分析和利用我们的日冕磁场诊断公式［１］，第一次获得了一个爆发源区的磁场强度和高能电子的信息，其主要结果是：（１）脉冲爆发分量在光薄部分的射电谱指数的平均值比慢变爆发背景的值小１，即前者的谱比后者的硬．在１９．６ＧＨｚ上的亮度温度前者比后者高６倍．（２）从脉冲爆发分量和慢变爆发背景分量推断的源区磁场平均值分别为１５８和５３１高斯，且发现在爆发期间，慢变暴源区磁场强度随时间圣马鞍形变化，在极大相的值比脉冲相和下降相低约５０％（３）产生脉冲暴分量的高能电子的柱密度ＮＬ和数密度Ｎ（＞Ｅ０）分别为慢变暴分量的４％和８％，但它们所携带的能流和发射系数要比慢变爆发分量的值高１倍和８倍！表明这两种爆发成份可能分别来自能谱不同的两群电子在不同爆发源区的辐射．     

FR－Ⅰ和FR－Ⅱ型射电源的关系—谱特征

本文比较了两类射电源ＦＲ－Ⅰ和ＦＲ－Ⅱ型的射电－光学—Ｘ－ｒａｙ的谱特征。ＦＲ－Ⅰ射电源的射电－光学谱比ＦＲ－Ⅱ射电源平得多（△αｒｏ≈０．１９）；但对于光学－Ｘ－ｒａｙ和射电－Ｘ－ｒａｙ谱，ＦＲ－Ⅰ却比ＦＲ－Ⅱ陡得多（△αｏｘ≈０．４０；△αｒｘ≈０．１０）。初步结果表明，ＦＲ－Ⅱ（Ｇ）可能是ＦＲ－Ⅱ（Ｑ）向ＦＲ－Ⅰ过渡的中间状态。     

太阳射电辐射的第四种成份——太阳射电快变分量

太阳射电天文学从1942年诞生到现在,人们已经观测到并证实了的太阳射电基本辐射成份有三种:它们是太阳射电爆发分量、太阳射电缓变分量和太阳射电宁静分量。 本文报导的是,在经过太阳活动22周峰年的国内联合观测以及参加Fares22和Max’91 Compaign国际联合观测中,我们已经观测到并从大量观测资料中证实了的是,太阳上存在有第四种射电辐射成份——太阳射电快速变化分量。     

利用MUSIC算法分析BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光变周期

将基于多重信号分类的MUSIC谱估计算法引入BL Lac天体光变周期分析中.给出了MUSIC算法的基本原理,利用模拟信号检测了算法的频谱分辨率.从大量文献中收集了BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光学V、R、I 3个波段从1994年到2008年的有效观测数据,用MUSIC算法和平均周期图算法分别计算了它们的光变周期,发现存在两个主要光变周期:一个是(3.33±0.08)yr的周期,另一个是(1.24±0.01)yr的周期.对这两种算法的周期估计性能进行了比较,结果表明,MUSIC谱估计算法对样本长度要求较低,具有良好的分辨特性和抗噪声能力,能提高在样本长度较短情况下光变周期分析的准确性.     

AO 0235+164射电波段宽带谱指数周期性变化的研究

收集了AO 0235+164天体射电4.8 GHz和14.5 GHz波段的光变测量数据,并获得了长期的光变曲线,从光变曲线可以看出其活动是非常剧烈的。利用Jurkevich方法和自相关函数方法分别对AO 0235+164射电波段宽带谱指数进行周期性分析,并对流量和谱指数进行相关性分析,研究结果表明:(1)AO 0235+164天体射电波段4.8 GHz～14.5 GHz对应的宽带谱指数,可能存在5.30年的光变周期,与Liu等人用功率谱法在射电波段发现其流量密度可能存在5.59±0.47年的光变周期基本吻合;(2)宽带谱指数与流量密度之间存在相关性。     

恒星自转的引力昏暗效应对谱线的影响

对于快速自转的恒星,谱线的等值宽度（ＥＷ）受引力昏暗效应的影响,即使自转速度达到临界也是很小的;而谱线半宽（ＦＷＨＭ）受引力昏暗效应影响相对较大,在（ω≈０．９９）时,相对变化达到８％．对于光谱型在Ｂ０～Ｂ９范围内的主序星,谱线半宽的相对变化在自转速度较小时（ω＜０．８）与光谱型无关;在自转速度较大时（ω≈０．９９）,谱线半宽的相对变化随光谱次型的增加而下降．     

Spectral methods for analyzing the rotation of solar structures

The application of spectral analysis methods for studying the rotation of solar structures is considered. The time series characterizing the time variation of the solar He I 1083 nm emission in 5° latitude zones have been used. Three types of spectral analysis have been tested: the Welch method, the multitaper method, and the Schuster periodogram method. The first two methods have been chosen for the analysis of observing time intervals 26 and 3 years in length. The Schuster periodogram method is more suitable for the sliding spectral analysis in a 1-year-long temporal window with a shift by half a year. The chosen methods for analyzing the power spectra allow one to obtain the spectral densities, the powers of significant peaks in them and the corresponding periods, the total powers in the specified intervals of periods and to estimate the significance of the peaks found and the intervals in which the true periods corresponding to the peaks can be located.     

Rotation broadening of spectral features from star spots

This paper presents an extension of the method of the characteristic points by Kjurkchieva (1987, 1989). This method for the analysis of light curves of spotted stars is further developed by including spectral information. Expressions describing the variation of the rotation broadening of spectral features arising from a star spot are derived for a known spot configuration. The results are used in the solution of the inverse problem by the method of the characteristic points. It is shown that the rotation broadening of spectral features from star spots can be used to easily determine the angular size and the polar distance of a circular spot. It turns out that the equatorial velocity and radius of the spotted star can be obtained in some cases by the combined analysis of the photometric and spectral data.     

用周期图谱分析方法计算Blazar天体的光变周期

对适用于等间隔时间序列的周期图谱分析方法进行了研究,用模拟信号进行了检验,证实了它适用于有噪声的时间序列.并把这种方法应用到类星体3C 279、3C 345,BL Lac天体OJ 287、ON 231的光变周期分析中,得到它们的光变周期分别为7.14年、10.00年、11.76年、6.80年.结果表明用周期图谱分析方法得到的结论和其他文献用Jurkevich方法得到的结论一致.获得的周期对进一步研究Blazar天体的物理机制很有帮助.还分析了窗函数的影响,指出它们的优缺点,便于在实际工作中做出正确选择.     

Velocity oscillations in the solar atmosphere

From a series of long duration continuous Doppler records of selected spectral lines, characteristics of solar velocity oscillations have been studied. Statistical distribution of the durations of the bursts of oscillations has been estimated. From the nature of distortion of the waveforms of the oscillation, the presence of disturbing impulses has been speculated. Constancy and homogeneity of the oscillations have been examined from detailed spectral density plots. Duration indices for the oscillations at different heights in the solar atmosphere have been derived by estimating mean spectral densities of characteristic oscillation amplitudes during several individual bursts and comparing them with corresponding spectral densities from long records. The variation among experimental results has been explained as due to the limitations of the power spectral analysis method on short records.     

Observations of the supernova remnants HB 9 and 1C 443 at 34.5MHz

We have observed the extended supernova remnants HB 9 (G 160.5 + 2.8) and IC 443 (G 189.1 + 2.9) at 34.5 MHz with a resolution of 26 arcmin × 40 arcmin. A map of HB 9 is presented. The integrated flux density of HB 9 at 34.5 MHz is 750 ± 150 Jy. The spectral index in the frequency range from 34.5 MHz to 2700 MHz is found to be constant (- 0.58 ± 0.06) without any spectral break such as was reported earlier by Willis (1973). There is no significant variation of the spectral index across the remnant. The integrated flux density of IC 443 at 34.5 MHz is 440 ± 88 Jy. The spectral index in the frequency range from 20 MHz to 10700 MHz is - 0.36 ± 0.04. The reduction in flux at very low frequencies (10 MHz) is attributable to free-free absorption in the interstellar medium and/or in the H II region S 249.     

Solar X-Ray Spectral Irradiance Variability

Solar spectral irradiance at X-ray wavelengths show large variations over a period of solar cycle. We use X-ray irradiance data in three narrow spectral regimes deduced from Yohkoh SXT measurements to study coronal irradiance and their possible association with the activity in the lower atmosphere. Time variation of the X-ray irradiance is important in understanding the emergence of magnetic flux and the effects of such variation on the upper atmosphere of the Earth. We note that about 66% of the total (2 – 30 Å) X-ray irradiance arise from 10 to 20 Å spectral range, while 2 – 10 Å contribute only about 3% of the total. The time variation in 2 – 10 and 10 – 20 Å ranges follow each other closely. Further they follow closely the solar indices such as sunspot, F _10.7, and plage indices, although similarity in the variation of 10 – 20 Å is quite apparent. However, the variation in the other spectral band (20 – 30 Å) differ to a large extent except for the solar cycle dependent variation. We infer that in addition to the active regions, the remnants of active regions contribute considerably to the emission in this spectral range.