3种蛋白替代鱼粉对褐点石斑鱼生长、体成分及能量收支的影响

以全鱼粉饲料做对照(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,进行56 d的养殖实验,研究3种替代蛋白源对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼(23.18±1.58g)生长性能、体成分及能量收支的影响。结果表明,实验条件下5组实验鱼的末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、肝体系数、脏体系数、肥满度和蛋白表观消化率差异不显著(p值>0.05)。饲料转化效率、蛋白质效率、干物质和能量表观消化率差异显著(p值<0.05),D2组最好而D5组最差。5组实验鱼全鱼和肌肉成分中粗蛋白含量无显著差异,全鱼水分含量也无显著差异(p值>0.05),其他指标则有显著差异(p值<0.05)。5组实验鱼的排泄能及呼吸能无显著差异(p值>0.05),摄食能、生长能和排粪能有显著差异(p值<0.05),D1、D2和D3组能量分配较好,而D4和D5组较差。与全鱼粉饲料相比,豆粕替代10%鱼粉显著提高了幼鱼的饲料转化效率和蛋白质效率,而豆粕替代20%鱼粉亦未对幼鱼产生不良影响,豆粕为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉蛋白较好的替代品。     

不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】探讨高蛋白酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%酵母培养物(记为Y0、Y2.5、Y5.0和Y7.5组),分别替代质量分数0、10%、20%和30%的鱼粉,配制4种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾(初始体质量0.70±0.03 g)56 d后,测定对虾生长性能、血清生化及免疫酶指标;用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)攻毒,测定对虾累计死亡率。【结果】Y2.5和Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率与Y0组的差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾摄食率显著高于Y0和Y2.5组(P 0.05);Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾血清甘油三酯含量显著低于Y0组(P0.05),Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾血清谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于Y0、Y2.5组(P 0.05),血清总胆固醇显著低于Y0、Y2.5组(P 0.05);酵母培养物替代饲料中20%和30%的鱼粉可显著提高对虾攻毒前肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性(P 0.05),Y7.5组对虾肝胰腺丙二醛含量在哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒后显著低于Y0组(P 0.05);攻毒7 d后,Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾累积死亡率显著低于Y0组(P0.05)。【结论】酵母培养物替代鱼粉比例小于20%时,不会显著影响凡纳滨对虾生长性能;替代比例为30%时,生长受抑制。当替代量比例为30%时可显著提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗病力。     

斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对羟基蛋氨酸铜的需求

在斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼基础饲料(铜质量分数2.03 mg/kg)中分别添加6个水平的羟基蛋氨酸螯合铜(hydroxy methionine copper,HMC),制成铜质量分数分别为2.03、4.04、6.20、10.67、13.96 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲喂6周后,探讨HMC对幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫酶活性和组织铜沉积的影响,确定幼鱼饲料中铜的最适需要量。结果表明,饲料中添加HMC,对石斑鱼的增重率、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数等生长性能的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),以铜质量分数6.20 mg/kg组增重率和特定生长率最高,饲料系数最低,高于或低于2.03和13.96 mg/kg组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与4.04和10.67 mg/kg组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但对成活率、肝体比影响差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。饲料中添加HMC对全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05),对全鱼粗灰分和粗脂肪含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。石斑鱼血浆铜蓝蛋白(CP)的含量、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)活性均以6.20 mg/kg组最高;饲料中铜的添加对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和肝脏硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加HMC均提高鱼体、肌肉和肝脏中铜含量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且以13.96 mg/kg组最高。饲料中添加适量的HMC可提高石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,提高抗氧化能力。在本实验条件下,以SGR为判据,通过二次回归方程拟合可得,以HMC为铜源,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼铜需要量为7.09 mg/kg。     

饲料中不同水平n-3 HUFA 对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

以精制鱼油和豆油作为脂肪源,配制质量分数0.48%、0.97%、1.50%和1.97%等4种不同水平n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 HUFA)的饲料,并饲喂斜带石斑鱼幼鱼50 d,研究不同水平n-3 HUFA对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephlus coioides)幼鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.结果表明:饲料中n-3 HUFA水平对实验鱼增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率都有显著影响(p<0.05).以增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率为参考指标,通过回归分析,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对饲料中n-3 HUFA的适宜需要量(质量分数)为1.27%~1.42%;各实验组的鱼体肥满度不受饲料中n-3 HUFA水平的影响,保持在1.4左右;内脏比与肝体比随饲料中n-3 HUFA水平升高而呈现降低趋势;各实验组鱼体肌肉常规营养成分不受饲料中n-3 HUFA水平的影响,肌肉中的n-3 HUFA随饲料n-3 HUFA水平增加而增加.     

酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能和抗病力的影响

【目的】研究含非蛋白氮(L)、不含非蛋白氮(N)的2种酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinepheluslanceolatu♂)生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能和抗病能力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0%(对照C0组),2%、4%酵母培养物L(L1、L2组)以及2%、4%的酵母培养物N(N1、N2组),配制成5组等氮等脂饲料,饲喂珍珠龙胆石斑鱼56 d,测定石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、免疫力指标;观察肠道形态结构;用哈维氏弧菌对实验鱼进行攻毒,研究实验鱼抗病力。【结果】养殖实验结束后,N1和N2组珍珠龙胆石斑鱼存活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组的干物质、粗蛋白和灰分含量显著提高(P 0.05),而粗脂肪含量以N1组显著增加(P 0.05)。N1和N2组的消化酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。N2组鱼血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和免疫球蛋白活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而葡萄糖、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和丙二醛活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。N2组溶菌酶、甘油三脂和胆固醇与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。N1和N2组肠绒毛高度显著提高,肠绒毛宽度显著增加(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼对哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的抵抗力增强,N2组的累积存活率最高。【结论】在本研究条件下,以增重率、免疫指标和累积存活率为判据,饲料中添加质量分数4%发酵底物不含非蛋白氮的酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、免疫和抗病能力的促进作用最显著。     

点带石斑鱼幼鱼配合饲料的适宜能量蛋白比

以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,添加鱼油、豆油、α-马铃薯淀粉、纤维素以及适量的维生素和矿物质配制成实验饲料,蛋白质质量分数设置41%、47%、53%3个水平,能量设置12 561、14 655、16 748 kJ/kg 3个水平,饲养点带石斑鱼幼鱼59 d后,以增重率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数为评价指标,分析不同能量蛋白比的饲料对点带石斑鱼体内消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:当能量蛋白比分别为31.30、33.50、32.26 kJ/g时,点带石斑鱼增重率、蛋白质效率达到极大值,饲料系数达到极小值;能量蛋白比在31.62～35.54 kJ/g范围内,胃、肠道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性较强。点带石斑鱼幼鱼配合饲料中合适的能量蛋白比为31.62～33.50 kJ/g。     

养殖密度、投喂频率和投喂水平对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力的协同影响

【目的】研究工厂化养殖条件下不同养殖密度(2、4、6 kg/m3)、投喂频率(1、2、3次/d)和投喂水平(60、80、100%饱食)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×鞍带石斑鱼E.lanceolatus♂)幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力等3生长性能参数的协同影响。【方法】采用中心复合实验设计(BBD)和响应曲面(RSM)方法分析。【结果】养殖密度、投喂频率和投喂水平的一次、二次效应对幼鱼特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力影响显著(P﹤0.05)。养殖密度与投喂频率对幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料转化率有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05);养殖密度与投喂水平对饲料转化率和特定生长率有极显著交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力有显著交互作用(P0.05);投喂频率与投喂水平对特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05)。3响应面指标回归模型的决定系数分别为0.983 0、0.943 6和0.991 0,拟合方程可信度较高。响应指标优化结果表明,在养殖密度为42尾/m3,投喂频率为2次/d,投喂水平为81.24%条件下,特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力最佳,分别为1.291%/d、1.041%和154.322 U/mg,可靠性达94.6%,可信度较高。【结论】工厂化循环水养殖系统内养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼,在养殖密度为42尾/m~3、每天2次的81.24%饱食投喂条件下,幼鱼可健康生长,生产成本最低。     

高蛋白棉粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、非特异性免疫指标及抗病力的影响

【目的】研究高蛋白棉粕(High-protein cottonseed meal,HPCM)替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、非特异性免疫酶活性及抗病力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0%、6.25%、9.375%、12.5%、18.75%的HPCM,分别替代饲料中质量分数0%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%的鱼粉,配制6种等氮等能饲料,投喂初始体质量(0.38±0.01)g的健康凡纳滨对虾8周。【结果】HPCM替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾增重率、特定生长率、成活率、饲料系数及蛋白质效率影响均有统计学意义(P0.05),30%和40%替代组增重率和特定生长率最高,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),饲料系数最低,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),替代水平高于40%替代组时,蛋白质效率降低(P0.05);对凡纳滨对虾全虾体成分含量影响均有统计学意义(P0.05),随替代水平的增加,全虾中的水分、粗脂肪含量有升高趋势,粗蛋白含量呈先升后降趋势,粗灰分有降低趋势(P0.05);HPCM替代鱼粉对血清酚氧化酶(PO)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性以及肝胰脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05);攻毒试验表明,随着HPCM替代鱼粉比例及攻毒时间的增加,凡纳滨对虾存活率逐渐降低(P0.05)。【结论】以对虾增重率为判据,在鱼粉质量分数为25%的凡纳滨对虾基础饲料中HPCM替代鱼粉的适宜比例为37.44%。     

饲料中豆粕含量对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响

配制全鱼粉饲料（以鱼粉为蛋白源）、10%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白10%鱼粉）、20%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白20%鱼粉）等3种等氮等能饲料,分别投喂体质量21.34± 1.54g的幼鱼24 d,研究饲料中豆柏蛋白含量对 军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馈的影响。结果表明,随着养殖时间的延长,各饲料组军曹鱼δ13C逐渐上升,δ15N逐渐下降,虽然δ13C和δ15N变化速度上有差异,但除20%豆柏饲料组肌肉的δ15N外,其他各饲料组肌肉和 全鱼在实验结束时均已与饲料达到同位素平衡;军曹鱼肌肉和全鱼的△13^C和△15^N值均随饲料中豆柏蛋白含量 的增加而加大,△13C从4.19‰增加到5.04‰, △15N从0.18‰。增加到 2.20‰,军警鱼金鱼和肌肉的△13C和△15N 相似,但在同位素值变化速度上有差异,因此,在进行生态学营养级研究（长时间尺度）时,肌肉可以代表军警鱼的同位素特征,而在进行生理学研究（短时间尺度）时,肌肉的同位素变化则不能代表军警鱼的同位素变化。     

Effects of brown fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activities of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

Effects of dietary corn gluten meal on growth performance and protein metabolism in relation to IGF-I and TOR gene expression of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene expression.Five isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM protein.No significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM protein.However,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P < 0.05).The whole-body crude protein and lipid contents were significantly lower while the whole-body moisture content was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein compared with the control group(P < 0.05).When 70.0% of FM protein was replaced by CGM,plasma total protein and cholesterol contents were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein had significantly lower hepatic insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) expression levels than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in hepatic target of rapamycin(TOR),dorsal muscle IGF-I and TOR expression levels among dietary treatments.Results of the present study indicated that 52.5% of FM protein could be replaced by CGM in the diets without significant influences on the growth,feed utilization and protein metabolism of juvenile cobia.The present results might be useful for developing cost effective and sustainable cobia dietary formulations.     

大豆饼代替部分鱼粉饲养罗非鱼可行性的试验

本试验以大豆饼作为主要蛋白源取代部分优质鱼粉饲养罗非鱼。结果表明,以大豆饼取代50%鱼粉并添加4.8%油脂的饲料是可行的,具有一定的实际意义。而过多地以植物蛋白代替鱼蛋白显然还存在不少问题。     

A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

1　Introduction　Proteinisanimportantnutritionalingredientofaquaticfeed .Thehighproteinneedsoffish ,shrimpandmostotheraquaticanimalsissuppliedmainlybyfishmeal (WilliamsandBarlow ,1996 ) .Recently ,thefishmeal,asamainproteinsourceofaquaticfeedisshort suppliedintheinternationalmarketanditspriceisbecominghigherandhigher .Therefore ,itisnecessarytofindsubstitutesoffishmealasaproteinsourceofaquaticfeed .　Someotheranimalby productmealssuchasmeatandbonemeal (MBM )andpoultryby productmeal(PBM )ha…     

A study on the meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal as protein substitutes of fish meal in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (Pτ;0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0–60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (Pτ;0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0–80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.     

不同饵料强化剂对龙虎斑仔稚鱼生长、存活率、消化酶活力及体成分的影响

褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)与卤虫(Artemia franciscana)无节幼体分别以浓缩小球藻、深海鱼油和鱼肝油强化后,投喂龙虎斑(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂)仔稚鱼,研究不同强化剂对仔稚鱼生长、存活率、消化酶活力及体成分的影响。结果显示,3种强化剂强化后的生物饵料均可显著提高龙虎斑仔稚鱼的存活率、体长和体质量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但对鱼体粗脂肪含量以及肠淀粉酶活力的影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。深海鱼油组仔稚鱼存活率最高,浓缩小球藻可以显著提高胃、肠蛋白酶活性和鱼体粗蛋白含量,各组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而深海鱼油和鱼肝油可以显著提高肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。结果表明,3种强化剂各具优点,均可用于龙虎斑仔稚鱼生物饵料的强化,尤其以深海鱼油提高存活率最显著。