煤相分析在煤储层评价中的应用

煤储层研究的重要内容是孔裂隙系统发育特征、渗透性及其空间不均一性特征。煤储层的孔裂隙特征决定煤储层的渗透性,而煤储层的孔裂隙特征主要取决于煤岩成分和煤级。对一个特定的煤层气田而言,煤级变化不大或者规律明显。煤岩成分往往成为控制煤储层渗透率分布不均性的主导因素。煤岩成分,包括有机显微组分和矿物质均受控于煤相。可以通过系统的煤相分析认识煤储层中煤岩成分、结构、层序等的空间展布特征,为科学预测煤储层的渗透率莫定基础。煤相分析在注重横向变化的同时,更强调垂向层序分析。     

沁水盆地南部煤层孔隙-裂隙系统及其对渗透率的贡献

基于常规孔渗测试、核磁共振、扫描电镜等分析,研究了沁水盆地南部煤储层孔隙-裂隙系统发育特征及其对渗透率的贡献。结果表明,煤样孔隙结构以吸附孔为主,渗流孔发育相对较差,可动流体孔隙度很小;多数煤样A类和B类较大裂隙所占比例不高,C类和D类较小裂隙较为发育;大孔孔隙度和微裂隙发育程度对渗透率影响最大。但本区煤样大孔孔隙度低,裂隙多被矿物充填,孔隙、裂隙之间连通性较差,对煤储层渗透率的贡献较小;多期发育的宏观构造裂隙可能对煤储层渗透性起到一定的改善作用。     

煤变质作用对煤层气赋存和富集的控制--以沁水盆地为例

通过对国内外有关煤变质作用与煤层气形成、赋存和富集关系研究成果的系统总结，阐述了煤变质作用类型及煤变质作用程度与煤层气的生成、吸附量、煤储层孔隙—裂隙系统形成发育及煤层特性的相互关系，认为煤变质作用对煤层气赋存富集的影响集中体现在它对煤储层孔隙一裂隙系统形成发育过程的控制上。并以沁水盆地为例，探讨了高阶煤煤变质作用对煤层气赋存富集的控制作用，提出了对沁水盆地高阶煤煤层气勘探开发研究的几点思考和建议。     

基于NMR和X-CT的不同煤阶煤储层物性定量表征

随着煤层气田开发程度逐渐深入,煤储层物性定量表征与评价对煤层气规模开发愈发重要。为解决常规煤储层物性表征技术存在的尺度局限性,采用了核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology,NMR)和X-CT(Computed Tomography,X-CT)扫描等技术,实现了煤储层孔裂隙的跨尺度、原位态及完整性表征,为准确获取煤储层孔裂隙等物性参数提供新途径。研究依托神府区块中低阶煤和柿庄南区块高阶煤样品,开展核磁共振和CT扫描实验,快速、准确、定量地获得了煤储层孔隙类型、孔径分布、孔隙连通性、有效孔隙度和孔裂隙空间配置等煤储层物性参数,形成了一套可应用于不同煤阶煤储层物性定量表征的分析技术。     

煤储层孔隙、裂隙系统研究进展

煤储层孔隙、裂隙系统由孔隙、微裂隙、内生裂隙和外生节理组成。煤相、煤阶、变质作用类型、构造作用和地下流体是影响煤储层孔隙、裂隙系统发育的关键因素。煤岩成分是煤储层孔隙、微裂隙、内生裂隙和外生节理发育的先决条件，而煤相控制煤的组成成分发育特征。煤阶及变质作用类型决定微裂隙和内生裂隙的发育程度。高温低压变质条件下形成的中高变质煤中，微裂隙和内生裂隙最发育。构造作用可以改造煤储层中的孔隙和微裂隙，但通常以影响煤储层中的外生节理发育最为明显。地下流体充填煤储层的孔隙、裂隙系统。其中地下稠性有机流体主要充填微裂隙和部分孔隙。岩浆气液挥发物在改造部分原有孔隙的同时，充填内生裂隙和部分微裂隙。含有无机沉积物的溶液主要充填外生节理和部分内生裂隙。     

沁水盆地南部煤中矿物赋存特征及其对煤储层物性的影响

煤中矿物可以影响煤储层物性,进而影响煤层气的开发。运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究沁水盆地南部煤中矿物的种类、含量和赋存特征。基于煤储层的平衡水等温吸附实验和压汞实验,研究了沁南地区煤中矿物对煤储层吸附性能和孔渗性能的影响。结果表明,柿庄北区块3号和15号煤平均矿物含量分别为10.68%和12.81%,且15号煤硫化物含量较高。扫描电镜下可观察到充填煤储层胞腔孔、粒间孔隙和微裂隙的方解石、黄铁矿、高岭石和石英。孔隙度和渗透率以及兰氏体积和煤中大中孔比例均随灰分产率的增加而减小,表明煤中矿物的存在会降低煤储层的吸附性能和孔渗性能,煤储层中矿物充填主要影响煤的大中孔和裂隙,影响煤层气在割理和裂隙中的渗流,导致孔隙度和渗透率下降,而少量粘土矿物充填微孔可导致煤的吸附性能下降。     

不同变质变形煤储层孔隙特征与煤层气可采性

煤储层孔隙是煤层气的主要聚集场所和运移通道,煤储层孔隙结构不仅制约着煤层气的含气量,而且对其可采性也有重要影响。文中选取淮北煤田和沁水盆地不同矿区有代表性的煤样,通过对研究区不同变质与变形煤样的宏微观构造观测、镜质组反射率与孔隙度测试以及压汞实验分析,研究了不同变质变形煤储层孔隙结构特征及其对煤层气可采性的制约。研究结果表明,按照不同的变质变形特征将研究区煤储层主要划分为5类,即:高变质较强至强变形程度煤储层(Ⅰ类)、高变质较弱变形程度煤储层(Ⅱ类)、中变质较强变形程度煤储层(Ⅲ类)、中变质较弱变形程度煤储层(Ⅳ类)及低变质强变形程度煤储层(Ⅴ类)。不同变质变形煤储层的孔隙结构具有以下特征:Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类煤储层吸附孔占主导,Ⅰ类煤储层孔隙连通性差,Ⅱ类煤储层因后期叠加了构造裂隙,孔隙连通性变好;Ⅲ类煤储层中孔、大孔增多,但有效孔隙少,孔隙连通性变差;Ⅳ类煤储层吸附孔较多,中孔、大孔中等,且煤储层内生裂隙发育,孔隙具有较好的连通性,渗透性明显变好;Ⅴ类煤储层吸附孔含量较低,中孔较发育,大孔不太发育,有效孔隙少,孔隙连通性差。由此,变质程度高且叠加了一定构造变形的煤储层(Ⅱ类)以及中等变质程度变形较弱且内生裂隙发育的煤储层(Ⅳ类),其煤层气有较好的渗透性,可采性较好。     

煤层气储层的显微孔裂隙成因分类及其应用

采用煤岩学方法研究煤储层特性,可直接观察孔裂隙的分布、形态、数量、充填状态等特征,有利于查明显微孔裂隙成因、影响因素及演化规律。将显微孔隙分为生物成因孔和非生物成因孔;显微裂隙划分出内生裂隙、继承性裂隙、层面裂隙和构造裂隙;分别研究了各类显微孔裂隙在煤储层中的分布、随煤化作用的演化规律及其与渗透率的关系,并取得了良好的效果。      

河南省下二叠统山西组二1煤煤层气地质特征

从影响煤层气勘探开发的主要因素;煤厚、煤岩组成、煤级、煤体结构、裂隙系统、渗适性吸附／解吸特征和含气量等方面对河南省的主采煤层－－二、煤的煤层 地质学特征进行了详细论述,指出镜质组含量较高、割理比较发育、外生裂隙发育适中的原生结构和碎裂煤渗透性最好,是最有利的储层;外生裂隙发育适中的无烟煤是有利储层;碎粒煤为不利储层;糜棱煤为不可开发储层;临界解吸压力较高、含气量较高的中为煤级煤分布区是煤层气勘探     

煤岩特性对平顶山矿区煤储层渗透性的影响初探

煤层甲烷生产开采中，煤储层的渗透率是一个关键储层特征，本文试图从煤岩学角度研究预测煤储层渗透性的相对大小，通过煤层几何形态，煤岩组成，煤级，煤中矿物，构造煤分布及割理裂隙的分析，认为二：煤的渗透率比三９－１０煤相对要好；区域上本区东部的渗透性能相对比较好，可作首选靶区。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with