安徽省经济增长与环境压力的脱钩关系研究——基于物质流分析

根据物质流分析指标和数据,采用脱钩模型和环境库兹涅茨曲线(environmental Kuznets curve,EKC)理论,分析了1990—2007年安徽省经济增长与环境压力之间的关系。结果表明:全省经济增长与环境压力基本实现相对脱钩,但经济增长仍然依靠高物质投入和高污染排放;近年经济增长与环境压力呈现扩张性复钩现象,说明经济增长的同时不仅环境压力未见下降,反而物质利用强度和污染物排放强度增加;EKC分析进一步揭示,全省经济增长与环境压力实现绝对脱钩仍需较长时间和较多物质投入。改变现有经济增长方式,提高资源生产力,使EKC顶点左移的同时实现穿山式发展,是实现全省经济增长与环境压力绝对脱钩的最优路径。     

基于MFA与DEA分析的辽宁省物质减量化检验研究

选择老工业基地的核心代表——辽宁省作为研究对象,分析其物质流账户指标,判断了1990～2008年辽宁省直接物质投入、生产过程排放及物质总需求3个账户指标的走向趋势;运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法分析物质流账户(MFA)主要指标的综合效率,明确了辽宁省物质减量化的急切任务,对辽宁省物质流减量化发展历程进行了检验研究。研究发现:(1)辽宁省经济增长的物质投入减量化趋势存在,物质投入对环境的破坏表现仍然比较突出。(2)辽宁省直接物质投入与生产过程排放各自的综合效率呈增长趋势,总体平均效率较低,即经济发展伴随着物质投入的相对饱和及废物排放对环境的破坏。(3)辽宁省物质减量化的反弹效应升高,表现为随直接物质投入的增加,环境压力将更加严峻;减量效应的波动变化影响了相应年份的物质投入与排放。(4)1990～2008年,辽宁省共减少直接物质投入22.88亿t、减少生产过程排放5.82亿t;潜在物质减量指数高于潜在废物减排指数,折射出由于直接物质投入的持续增长,将会导致废弃物的进一步过度排放;物质减量化总缺口与废物减排总缺口均大于0,说明辽宁省物质减量化和废物减排潜力得到一定程度实现,但是与理想状态还有较大差距。     

庆阳市污染型环境压力的变化趋势及其驱动因素分析

通过运用结构分解分析(SDA)模型,结合修正后的laspeyres方法,将以污染物为表征的环境压力分解为人口、经济、技术3种驱动因素的影响,据此对庆阳市2000-2013年间污染型环境压力的变化趋势及其驱动因素进行了研究。结果表明:2000-2013年间,庆阳市由污染物排放所产生的环境压力主要是由废水和工业废气所致,且环境压力在后期表现出持续增大的趋势。人口因素对环境压力变化的影响比较小,且较稳定;经济增长因素的正向效应明显,对环境压力的增大具有显著的促进作用,且这种正向效应呈增大趋势;技术因素的负向效应明显,对环境压力的增大具有显著的抑制作用,但这一抑制作用在后期有所减弱。3种因素对环境压力的影响程度视污染物类型不同而有所差异。     

沈阳市资源环境与GDP增长的脱钩态势分析

基于资源环境压力与经济发展的相互耦合关系视角,基于脱钩理论构建了资源环境与经济增长的脱钩状态评价指标体系,引入生态足迹法并结合改进的弹性脱钩分析方法,探讨了沈阳市2002～2009年资源环境与经济发展的脱钩程度、时序演变及其综合脱钩程度等.研究结果表明：2002 ～ 2005年研究区经济增长导致资源环境压力逐渐增大,2005～2009年资源环境压力趋缓;整个时段内研究区资源环境与经济发展脱钩状态以相对脱钩为主,呈“相对脱钩4—强耦合—相对脱钩4—相对脱钩1”的演变趋势.     

中国工业部门的碳排放：影响因素及减排潜力

本文首先采用修正的Laspeyres指数分解方法,分析了1994—2007年中国工业及分工业部门CO2排放的主要影响因素,解析了差异原因。然后,基于退耦理论深入研究了工业部门碳排放与经济增长之间的耦合状态和减排政策执行的有效性。我们发现,工业产出是中国工业部门碳排放增长的主要正向影响因素,能源强度效应是主要的负向影响因素,它们对碳排放的影响分别为357．20％和-248．67％;食品工业、纺织工业和机械工业的碳排放呈现出递减的趋势,而石油工业部门的碳排放量增加217．75％。1994—2007年和2000-2007年工业部门碳排放的退耦指数分别为0．63和0．56,说明碳排放与经济增长处于弱退耦状态,减排政策的执行还缺乏一定的有效性。上述结果会对工业部门耦合改善的政策制定产生一定的理论意义。     

甘肃省经济增长与能源碳排放间的脱钩分析

运用1990-2010年的统计数据,在测算甘肃省能源碳排放总量的基础上构建经济增长与能源碳排放脱钩分析模型,探讨甘肃省经济增长与能源碳排放的脱钩关系.结果表明:1990-2010年间,甘肃省能源碳排放的GDP弹性值介于0～1之间,说明其经济增长与能源碳排放总体上处于相对脱钩状态,脱钩程度受宏观经济政策调控,变化波动较大,且与实现绝对脱钩尚有一定差距;甘肃省经济增长与能源碳排放间的脱钩主要是由经济与能源消费脱钩所致;甘肃省总体减排技术水平较低,加之长期以来以煤为主的能源结构,使其对经济增长与能源碳排放的脱钩贡献有限.因此,在制定相关政策时,应将重心放在节能减排、优化能源结构、促进产业的低碳转型等方面.     

中国省区经济增长空间分布动态

采用分布动态方法(MEDD), 从省区经济增长空间分布的形状和流动性两方面考察1978-2004 年中国省区经济增长空间分布的动态演进, 结果表明, 中国省区经济增长的空间分布形态经历多极化-收敛-双峰状的变化过程, 其中, 俱乐部收敛省区内部的经济发展差距由扩大到再次缩小, 俱乐部间的发展差距由缩小到再次扩大, 说明收敛俱乐部间的经济差距在扩大。1990 年后, 地区经济增长的活跃性提高; 转移概率矩阵、无条件和空间条件动态随机核估计及密度等高线图显示空间相互作用影响着省区经济增长未来的空间分布, 空间因素是影响地区经济增长分布的重要因素, 相邻地区经济增长互相依赖, 因地理位置临近所产生的空间溢出效应促使了相似经济水平地区的空间聚集。     

长三角城市经济增长与资源环境压力的脱钩效应

实现资源环境压力与经济增长的有效脱钩是经济、资源、环境、社会、人口等要素协调可持续发展的重要途径。在构建资源环境压力评价指标体系的基础上,运用脱钩理论、结构分解模型分析2000—2017年长三角地区城市经济增长与资源环境压力脱钩关系及驱动效应,以期促进长三角区域一体化发展与生态文明建设进程。研究发现：①长三角城市经济增长整体尚未完全摆脱“自然消耗增加型”模式,且区域内部城市差异较大,大部分发达城市人均资源环境压力持续降低,其它城市资源环境压力仍随经济增长而加剧;②随着时间的延续,整体上大部分城市的经济增长速度快于资源环境压力增速,全区以弱脱钩类型占绝对优势,强脱钩区域范围先扩大后缩小,中心地区的城市实现了良好的脱钩状态,仅少数边缘地市资源环境压力依然呈现较快增长趋势,未实现有效脱钩;③结构分解模型表明经济增长效应是资源环境压力增加的直接效应,且边缘欠发达城市的经济驱动效应强于核心发达城市,而经济发达城市的人口驱动效应高于欠发达城市,技术效应驱动了资源环境压力的明显下降,总体呈现出南高北低的分布格局。     

黑色还是绿色?低碳经济目标下的中国经济增长方式（英文）

碳排放控制与经济增长的双重挑战使中国经济增长方式选择成为令人关注的热点问题。从经济规模与碳排放量的关系来看,经济增长呈现出绿色增长、棕色增长和黑色增长等三种方式。本文利用1971-2010年中国碳排放与经济增长时间序列数据和数理分析方法,分析了中国近40年经济增长方式的演变。其中,1971-1977年总体为黑色增长,1978-2001年总体为棕色增长,2002-2004年间为黑色增长,2005-2010年又进入棕色增长阶段,中国经济增长方式转变和绿色增长目标仍有待努力。依据碳排放量与经济增长的Granger因果检验结果,短期内,中国经济增长与碳排放互为因果,经济粗放型增长特征显著;但从长期看来,经济增长并不是碳排放的原因。经济增长速度与碳排放强度下降之间的关系要求中国应权衡好经济增长与碳减排目标的实现。对此,本文认为中国应积极参与国际碳减排,并加快技术创新、要素创新、管理创新和市场创新,通过创新驱动实现经济增长方式的转变。     

湘西北喀斯特山区耕地变化与经济发展的相关性——以张家界市永定区为例

根据张家界市永定区1989~2005年耕地资源及人均GDP的统计资料,分析了永定区耕地面积与经济发展的动态变化过程,建立了耕地减少量与人均GDP数据的定量相关模型,从而得出了该地区耕地面积减少与经济发展间的关系规律。研究结果表明,永定区耕地面积减少量最初随着人均GDP的增加而增加,当越过一个阈值后(2002年),就开始随着人均GDP的增长而降低。虽然这样的演化规律受当地的自然条件及其他相关因素的影响而有所波动,出现阶段性变化,但基本上仍吻合库兹尼茨曲线的一般特征。结合当前实际,对湘西北喀斯特地区如何实现经济增长与耕地保护的协调发展提出了相应的措施和建议。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)