多特征流形鉴别嵌入的高分辨率遥感影像分类

针对高分辨遥感影像同谱异物、同物异谱导致单一特征分类结果精度较差的问题,本文提出了多特征流形鉴别嵌入的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法。该方法首先提取高分辨率影像数据的光谱特征与LBP纹理特征;然后通过样本数据的联合光谱、纹理特征的空间距离及对应的类别信息,构建影像对象的类间图与类内图,用于学习高分辨率影像上的鉴别流形结构,保证在嵌入空间上尽可能不同地物特征分离、相同地物特征紧聚,确保相同地物光谱、纹理特征的相似性,完成光谱、纹理鉴别特征的有效提取,以充分挖掘影像特征,有效提高影像的分类精度。在GF-2遥感数据集上进行试验,结果表明本文算法可实现多特征的有效融合,分类精度均优于传统方法,可达93.41%。     

基于BP神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像分类

为了能有效地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取地物信息,本文通过影像的光谱和纹理特征,利用BP神经网络算法进行影像分类研究。首先提取分类所需的光谱和纹理特征源,然后根据影像和地物特征,建立BP神经网络,用于样本训练和分类处理,实现地物分类。为验证该方法的可靠性,以2006年11月获取的成都平原某区域的Quickbird影像为实验数据,进行高分辨率遥感影像的地物分类实验。实验结果表明,结合影像光谱和纹理特征的BP神经网络分类算法,不仅可以有效保证BP神经网络分类训练的稳定性和收敛速度,还能达到较高的分类精度。     

基于小波变换的影像纹理特征提取试验

利用小波变换获取子图像的能量值来提取高分辨率遥感影像的纹理特征,采用了大量训练样本进行特征统计,揭示了小波变换用于遥感影像纹理特征提取的规律。     

结合多尺度纹理特征的遥感影像面向对象分类

地物具有多尺度的特点,单一尺度难以准确描述遥感影像包含的地物纹理信息。利用我国自行研发的高分一号遥感影像数据,采用灰度共生矩阵对第一主成分进行纹理特征提取,利用Jeffries-Matusit距离选择多尺度组合,并通过单一纹理结合多光谱数据的分类精度,以及纹理特征间的相关性,最终选择多尺度纹理特征组合进行面向对象分类。研究结果表明:结合多尺度纹理特征组合的面向对象GF-1影像分类能有效提取地物信息,总体分类精度达到81.75%,Kappa系数0.78。     

纹理特征辅助遥感影像分类技术的探讨

随着卫星遥感影像分辨率的不断提高,人们希望从遥感图像中获得更多有用的数据和信息,所以遥感影像的分类变得尤为重要.但是基于光谱特征的影像分类精度过低,不能满足生产的需要,所以研究利用其他辅助手段来提高遥感影像的分类成为未来发展的一个重要方向.本文研究了利用灰度共生矩阵提取纹理特征的方法并对利用纹理特征影像辅助光谱特征分类的方法进行了研究.实验结果表明,纹理特征辅助光谱特征分类能够提高遥感影像分类的准确性和精度.     

一种传统民居遥感提取方法

针对基于地物光谱统计特征的建筑物提取方法由于存在较大的同物异谱现象导致提取结果不满足要求的问题,该文提出了一种基于形态学建筑物指数并顾及纹理特征的遥感提取方法。该方法综合考虑传统民居在高分辨率遥感影像上的光谱、形态和纹理特征,首先利用形态学建筑物指数法提取建筑,并使用最小矩形长宽比和像元个数区分道路和零星地物,而后利用Contourlet变换和谱直方图相似性计算进行纹理甄别,实现传统民居的遥感识别和提取。为了验证该方法,选取湖南省常宁市庙前镇中田村QuickBird影像进行试验,结果表明该方法能够获得较高精度的提取结果,整体精度为71.54%,影响提取精度的关键原因为损毁严重的建筑物光谱特征与目标图像纹理相差较大。     

粗糙集高分辨率遥感影像面向对象分类

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像分类已受到研究者们的广泛关注。本文提出一种基于粗糙集理论的面向对象分类方法以区分高分辨率遥感影像上的不同地物。首先,利用基于相位一致梯度与前景标记的分水岭变换进行影像分割,提取图像斑块;然后,利用Gabor小波提取斑块的纹理特征,进而根据粗糙集理论提取纹理分类规则;最后,在对象光谱特征的初步分类结果,根据纹理分类规则得到最终结果基础上。依据粗糙集理论只能处理离散属性数据,本文重点提出一种适用于面向对象分类的连续区间属性离散化方法。实验表明本文方法可取得较好分类结果与较高分类精度。     

一种基于多特征及BP神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法

高分辨率遥感影像的道路提取能够广泛应用于自动驾驶及地图导航的研究,现有道路自动提取方法精度较低。随着人工智能技术的发展,人工神经网络算法得到推广,将其应用于高分辨率遥感影像的道路提取也在探索研究之中。提出一种基于图像分割及神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法,以减少大量的人工预处理工作,提高道路识别提取效率。针对传统方法用于复杂影像分析的参数难以确定的问题,首先采用影像分割技术获得影像对象,然后对影像对象进行纹理特征、形状特征、光谱特征的计算,并使用BP神经网络进行训练,形成分类模型。基于得到的分类模型进行道路的自动提取,在仿真实验中获得了较好的精度,识别准确率达到87.6%。     

融合谱间特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类

传统影像分类方法仅利用灰度、纹理等谱内特征,未能充分利用谱间特征,针对这一不足,本文提出一种融合谱间特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法。采用主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)对遥感影像进行变换,提取前两个主分量作为变换后的数据;通过影像分割方法获取像斑,选取训练样本像斑;利用灰度直方图与联合灰度直方图分别表达像斑的谱内特征与谱间特征,采用G统计量度量直方图距离,依据距离倒数加权计算像斑的谱内概率与谱间概率,依据加权组合谱内概率与谱间概率构建联合概率,在联合概率最大基础上获取影像分类结果。在Quick Bird遥感影像上的实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性,总体分类精度与kappa系数分别达到了90.0%和86.7%。     

EMD与分形相结合的遥感影像水体信息提取方法

提出一种基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和分形理论相结合的遥感影像水体信息提取方法,该方法尝试结合影像的光谱特征和纹理特征以提高分类提取精度。对影像进行主成分分析得到有效信息量最大的第一主分量,计算每个像元的分维数得到分维图,同时将第一主分量EMD分解得到有效信息量较大的前3个经验模态函数,再结合原有的波段信息作为研究数据,利用极大似然法分类器提取水体信息。该方法充分结合了EMD在降噪和区分相似光谱特征中的优势和分形理论在纹理信息提取中的优势。研究表明,该方法可有效提高水体信息的提取精度,Kappa最高到0.932 5。     

日光温室的纹理特征分层提取

针对高分辨率影像上日光温室的信息提取问题,该文提出了利用支持向量机、最近邻算法结合纹理特征在不同层上分别提取连片日光温室和独栋日光温室的方法。实验表明:纹理特征能提高分类精度,在大尺度的层上,分类精度提升幅度较大,但在小尺度的层上,分类精度提升幅度会比较小;并不是参与运算特征数越多,分类精度越高,多数情况下光谱+纹理组合的分类精度最高;提取连片日光温室的最优方案是支持向量机和光谱+形状+纹理(7像素×7像素),总精度为92.86%,Kappa系数为0.90,而提取独栋日光温室最优方案为SVM和光谱+纹理(11像素×11像素),总精度为88.39%,Kappa系数为0.86。     

基于分形理论的航空图像分类方法

提出一种基于分形理论和BP神经网络的航空遥感图像有监督分类方法。该方法尝试将航空图像的光谱信息和纹理特征相结合。它首先将彩色航空图像由RGB格式转化为HSI格式，然后，根据亮度计算分数维、多重分形广义维数谱q-D(q)和“空隙”等基于分形的纹理特征，同时加入归一化的色度和饱和度作为光谱特征，采用BP神经网络作为分类器。通过对彩色航空图像的分类实验，结果证实该方法行之有效。     

基于分形理论的航空图像分类方法

提出一种基于分形理论和BP神经网络的航空遥感图像有监督分类方法。该方法尝试将航空图像的光谱信息和纹理特征相结合。它首先将彩色航空图像由RGB格式转化为HSI格式，然后，根据亮度计算分数维、多重分形广义维数谱q-D(q)和“空隙”等基于分形的纹理特征，同时加入归一化的色度和饱和度作为光谱特征，采用BP神经网络作为分类器。通过对彩色航空图像的分类实验，结果证实该方法行之有效。     

Object-based crop classification using multi-temporal SPOT-5 imagery and textural features with a Random Forest classifier

In this study, an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach was developed to classify field crops using multi-temporal SPOT-5 images with a random forest (RF) classifier. A wide range of features, including the spectral reflectance, vegetation indices (VIs), textural features based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and textural features based on geostatistical semivariogram (GST) were extracted for classification, and their performance was evaluated with the RF variable importance measures. Results showed that the best segmentation quality was achieved using the SPOT image acquired in September, with a scale parameter of 40. The spectral reflectance and the GST had a stronger contribution to crop classification than the VIs and GLCM textures. A subset of 60 features was selected using the RF-based feature selection (FS) method, and in this subset, the near-infrared reflectance and the image acquired in August (jointing and heading stages) were found to be the best for crop classification.     

Deep Fusion of Localized Spectral Features and Multi-scale Spatial Features for Effective Classification of Hyperspectral Images

This study presents a deep extraction of localized spectral features and multi-scale spatial features convolution (LSMSC) framework for spectral-spatial fusion based classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). First, adjacent spectral bands are grouped based on their similarity measurements, where the whole hypercube is partitioned into several sub-cubes, each corresponding to one band group. Then, the proposed localized spectral features extraction (LSF) strategy is used to extract localized spectral features, which are extracted from each band group using the 1D convolutional neural network (CNN). Meanwhile, the proposed HiASPP strategy is employed to extract the multi-scale features from the first several principal components of each sub-cube. Finally, the extracted spectral and spatial features are concatenated for spectral-spatial fusion based classification of HSI. Experiments conducted on three publicly available datasets have demonstrated that the proposed architecture outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.     

适用于遥感分类的多邻域粗糙集加权特征提取方法

邻域粗糙集是一种有效的影像特征提取方法,邻域粗糙集模型存在稳定性不高和邻域半径需要反复调整的不足,难以实现地物特征的自动化提取。提出一种多邻域粗糙集加权特征提取方法用于高分辨率遥感影像特征提取。该方法首先利用不同半径的邻域粗糙集对影像的光谱和纹理特征进行提取,求得不同邻域半径下的有效特征子集;然后统计所有邻域半径下各个特征出现的概率,将概率作为权重与特征进行加权得到最终地物特征。QucikBird影像上分类试验表明本文算法优于传统邻域粗糙集特征提取方法,分类总精度平均提高3.88%,Kappa系数平均提高5.16%。在GeoEye-1影像上的分类试验同样证明了本文方法的有效性。     

融合形状和光谱的高空间分辨率遥感影像分类

提出了一种像元形状指数及基于形状和光谱特征融合的高（空间）分辨率遥感影像分类方法。形状和光谱是遥感影像纹理的具体表现形式,尤其在高分辨率影像中地物细节得到充分表达,相邻像元的关系及其共同表征的形状特性成为分类的重要因素。本文用像元及其邻域的关系来描述其空间结构,同时为了更全面地利用影像特征,提出了基于支持向量机的形状和光谱融合分类方法。实验证明,该方法计算简便且能有效表达高分辨率影像的地物特征,提高分类精度。     

A Robust Texture Analysis and Classification Approach for Urban Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Feature Discrimination

Abstract

Attempts to analyze urban features and to classify land use and land cover directly from high‐resolution satellite data with traditional computer classification techniques have proven to be inefficient for two primary reasons. First, urban landscapes are composed of complex features. Second, traditional classifiers employ spectral information based on single pixel value and ignore a great amount of spatial information. Texture plays an important role in image segmentation and object recognition, as well as in interpretation of images in a variety of applications. This study analyzes urban texture features in multi‐spectral image data. Recent developments in the very powerful mathematical theory of wavelet transforms have received overwhelming attention by image analysts. An evaluation of the ability of wavelet transform in urban feature extraction and classification was performed in this study, with six types of urban land cover features classified. The preliminary results of this research indicate that the accuracy of texture analysis in classifying urban features in fine resolution image data could be significantly improved with the use of wavelet transform approach.     

An Analysis of Texture Measures in PCA-Based Unsupervised Classification of SAR Images

In single-band single-polarized SAR images, intensity and texture are the information source available for unsupervised land cover classification. Every textural feature measure identifies texture patterns by different approaches. For efficient land cover classification, textural measures have to be chosen suitably. Therefore, in this letter, the role of various intensity and textural measures is analyzed for their discriminative ability for unsupervised SAR image classification into various land cover types like water, urban, and vegetation areas. To make the algorithm adaptable, these textural features are fused using principal component analysis (PCA), and principal components are used for classification purposes. To highlight the effectiveness of PCA, the difference between PCA- and non-PCA-based classifications is also analyzed. Analysis of the role of texture measures for unsupervised classification of real-world SAR data with application of PCA is presented in this letter. The analysis of how every individual feature measure contributes for classification process is presented, and then, textural measures for a feature set are chosen according to their role in improving classification accuracy. By analysis, it is observed that the feature set comprising mean, variance, wavelet components, semivariogram, lacunarity, and weighted rank fill ratio provides good classification accuracy of up to 90.4% than by using individual textural measures, and this increased accuracy justifies the complexity involved in the process.