1:1万DLG数据质量控制探讨

为保证基础测绘成果数据质量,在分析1︰1万DLG数据生产过程及质检工作中发现的主要质量问题的基础上,探讨了1︰1万DLG数据生产过程中设置质量控制关键节点技术,并提出一些有益建议。     

1∶1万地形图更新及建库工作的开展与质量控制

本文以锦州测区为例,主要阐述了1∶1万地形图（DLG）更新内业数据采集,数据编辑的技术方法、具体要求及作业过程中应注意的主要问题,对项目实施过程中入库数据的检查内容做出了重点介绍。     

1:250000地形数据更新技术方法研究

近年来,各地政府大力推动数字城市建设,城市信息化已经进入关键阶段,社会的不断发展对多尺度基础地理信息数据的需求也越来越多,为保证全国1:250000国家基础地理信息数据库的现势性,国家下发1:250000地形数据库数据,对其进行更新.本文结合作业过程中东北测区实际生产,放弃以往直接缩编方式,利用1:50000数据库更新成果,提取其增量数据,对1:250000地形数据进行联动更新,对项目实施过程的主要流程、更新技巧与检查方法进行简要研究.     

面向1∶1000000地形数据库的缩编方法研究与程序开发

目前国家启动了1∶1000000基础地理信息数据库动态更新项目,其中1∶1000000地形数据库主要是利用最新版的1∶250000地形数据进行缩编更新生产。本文主要依据1∶1000000地形数据库缩编更新相关的项目要求和技术指标,研究和制定对应的地形数据缩编方法。并在人机交互作业的前提下,利用ArcGIS桌面软件和ArcObjects组件,开发一系列缩编工具,将地图综合过程分解,合理地进行人机分工,交互式地完成地图缩编工作。     

基于1∶50000制图数据的质量控制

结合国家西部1∶50000地形图空白区测图工程和国家1∶50000更新工程制图数据的生产实践,对国家1∶50000制图数据的特性进行了分析研究,阐述了国家1∶50000制图数据在实际生产中的质量控制的关键技术环节,提出在国家1∶50000制图数据生产过程中的质量控制的内容和方法,仅供广大同行参考。     

资源三号卫星影像应用于1∶1万基础地理信息数据快速更新的探索

文章叙述了资源三号卫星影像在1:1万基础地理信息数据生产试验中的应用情况,以及各生产环节中的精度统计情况,针对资源三号卫星影像的可用性及应用过程中的关键技术问题进行了研究,对资源三号卫星影像的应用前景进行了展望,对多源影像数据在基础地理信息数据更新生产中的综合应用进行了探索。     

1：500DLG数据的质量控制与质量评价

DLG数据是城市地形要素的主要表达形式，如何对DLG数据的采集过程进行质量控制、质量检查，如何对DLG数据进行客观的质量评价，是值得探讨和研究的问题。本文针对1：500DLG数据生产的各个环节，全面介绍了其质量控制、质量检查、质量验收、质量评定的内容和方法。     

1:10000与1:50000比例尺基础测绘数据转换更新的探索

为进一步保持我国基础地理信息数据的现势性,开展并实现国、省两级联动更新及协同服务工作,通过探索地形数据转换更新的方法,构建数据转换模型、建立数据对应关系的方式,进行数据转换更新。本文以江苏省连云港市地级行政区域的现势性最新的省级1:10 000地形数据为主要数据源,依据《1:50 000地形数据库更新技术规定》和《江苏省1:10 000基础地理信息地形要素数据规范》开展研究,基于两种比例尺数据之间的关系,探索1:10 000地形数据转换更新1:50 000地形数据的方法,探讨其可能性与适用性,提升1:50 000地形数据更新效率,更好地为国民经济建设与社会发展提供可靠的测绘地理信息保障。     

浅谈省级1∶10000基础地理信息数据更新工作方案

1∶10 000地形图更新工作是省级基础测绘的重要组成部分,本文主要论述了1∶10 000地形图更新工作方案的制订过程,在充分分析了现有地理信息数据情况的前提下,合理制订更新目标、方法及技术方案,为"十三五"期间基础测绘工作的开展提供了重要的参考依据。     

1∶10000地形图的数据转换及检查过程

主要介绍了1∶10 000地形图在出图前数据之间的转换方式,详细地阐述了数据转换的具体操作步骤以及在转换中对数据进行检查的过程。     

Towards a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution altimetry gravity field

Over the past three decades, radar altimetry has made a significant contribution to marine gravity field modeling. To improve the accuracy and resolution, we propose a new twin-satellite altimetry. Such a system has several advantages. Among others, it provides (i) twice the number of samples per time epoch, and (ii) information about the cross-track surface gradient with high accuracy because most of the environmental and tidal errors will be common to the simultaneous measurements and therefore cancel out when computing the cross-track gradient computation. We describe a rigorous procedure for the deduction of the sea surface gradient at each altimeter observation point (i.e., not only at the crossovers), from the twin-satellite altimetry system. The precision of the gradient will be slightly affected by orbit errors, instrument drift, and inaccuracies in the geophysical corrections to be applied. We also demonstrate that a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution marine altimetry gravity field can be obtained if certain conditions are met. To achieve the expected goal, we recommend an orbital configuration, phasing two satellites in 4-s time delay such that the Earth rotation creates a natural baseline between the two satellites, and a 18 kHz SAR altimeter.     

关于《1:500、1:1000比例尺航测数字线划图》测绘的研究

针对南京、苏州1:500、1:1 000比例尺的航测数字线划图技术设计,研究作业的难点,提出更好的设计方案.从航测法成图布点、选点、刺点及内业立体量测、外业调绘、内业编绘数据入库几个方面来探讨1:500、1:1 000比例尺航测数字线划图成图的方法,同时阐述内外业一体化作业的优越性.     

Modeling and estimation of C1–P1 bias in GPS receivers

 Modern dual-frequency global positioning system (GPS) receivers are capable of providing direct measurements of both L1 C/A (C1) and P code (P1) without the use of the Y-codes under Anti-Spoofing. A discrepancy or bias between the C1 and P1 measurements from these receivers has however been of concern to operators and users of GPS reference networks. For the purpose of modeling and estimation, the nature and characteristics of the discrepancy must be investigated. The research results presented indicate that the discrepancy between the C1 and P1 measurements contains two different types of components: one is of constant type while another is time variant. A method has been developed for their modeling and estimation. The residual C1–P1 time series after a satellite-dependent bias removal agree at a few-centimeter level, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed model. This allows the C1–P1 discrepancy, both constant and non-constant components, to be removed from GPS reference network solutions. Numerical results are provided to support the analysis. Received: 12 October 1999 / Accepted: 11 May 2000     

时变参数灰色模型背景值重构及实现

针对时变参数灰色模型PGM(1,1)的背景值重构收敛速度及稳定性问题,该文运用积分的方法综合序列在Δt内不同变化趋势,导出背景值模型的准确表达式。实现了反映序列对新老信息偏爱程度的最优权值介于(0,1)内,且非不能越过某一阈值;给出了背景值重构模型最优解准确求取的具体算法步骤。基于MATLAB语言的实验结果表明:改进模型预测精度高,易于实现;所研究的带权灰色模型GM(1,n)背景值模型的重构及计算方法验证了PGM(1,1)模型重构及计算实现方法的有效性和实用性。     

Implementation and testing of the gridded Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1)

The new gridded Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) was implemented and compared to the well-established site-dependent VMF1, directly and by using precise point positioning (PPP) with International GNSS Service (IGS) Final orbits/clocks for a 1.5-year GPS data set of 11 globally distributed IGS stations. The gridded VMF1 data can be interpolated for any location and for any time after 1994, whereas the site-dependent VMF1 data are only available at selected IGS stations and only after 2004. Both gridded and site-dependent VMF1 PPP solutions agree within 1 and 2 mm for the horizontal and vertical position components, respectively, provided that respective VMF1 hydrostatic zenith path delays (ZPD) are used for hydrostatic ZPD mapping to slant delays. The total ZPD of the gridded and site-dependent VMF1 data agree with PPP ZPD solutions with RMS of 1.5 and 1.8 cm, respectively. Such precise total ZPDs could provide useful initial a priori ZPD estimates for kinematic PPP and regional static GPS solutions. The hydrostatic ZPDs of the gridded VMF1 compare with the site-dependent VMF1 ZPDs with RMS of 0.3 cm, subject to some biases and discontinuities of up to 4 cm, which are likely due to different strategies used in the generation of the site-dependent VMF1 data. The precision of gridded hydrostatic ZPD should be sufficient for accurate a priori hydrostatic ZPD mapping in all precise GPS and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) solutions. Conversely, precise and globally distributed geodetic solutions of total ZPDs, which need to be linked to VLBI to control biases and stability, should also provide a consistent and stable reference frame for long-term and state-of-the-art numerical weather modeling.     

时变参数PGM(1, 1)变形预测模型及其应用

在GM(1，1)模型的基础上，考虑参数随时间的变化，用多项式逼近模型参数，同时针对GM(1，1)模型背景值取值方法的不足，引入背景值最佳生成系数，建立了时变参数PGM(1，1)变形预测模型。多项式中的待定系数采用最小二乘法确定，背景值最佳生成系数采用搜索法确定。实例计算表明，时变参数PGM(1，1)变形预测模型具有较高的模拟精度和预测精度，适合用于变形体的变形预测。     

基于D-InSAR与GM(1,1)模型的矿山变形 监测与预测

为充分掌握矿山开采引起的地表残余动态变形及整体变形趋势,本文采用D-InSAR技术与GM(1,1)预测模型相融合的方法对淮北袁店二矿进行了实验研究。首先采用D-InSAR技术对袁店二矿的地表工作面进行实时监测,并利用地表移动观测站的实测水准数据对D-InSAR监测数据进行可靠性验证;然后基于D-InSAR监测数据与GM(1,1)模型的融合动态分析袁店二矿地表残余变形量;最后实现对袁店二矿地表残余变形的有效预测。实验结果表明两者的融合可以有效地对矿山进行变形监测与预测。     

GeoEye-1卫星影像定向精度初步分析

利用北京市某地区的GeoEye-1卫星影像、外业控制资料等数据来进行卫星影像区域网平差解算试验.试验与分析表明:GeoEye-1卫星影像采用RPC+二维仿射变换的区域网平差时,当在试验区的四角和中心位置分别布设一个控制点时,试验结果可以满足国家1:5 000地形图绝对定向后的平面与高程限差.     

天宫一号高光谱成像仪遥感应用

本文重点介绍了天宫一号高光谱成像仪设计、特性、在轨运控支持、地面数据处理技术及应用研究等方面内容,其中高光谱数据的辐射纠正及系统几何校正的精度满足各应用需要,数据产品质量在遥感各个应用领域获得验证.大量用户利用天宫一号高光谱数据在国土资源、海洋、林业、城市环境监测、水文生态监测等方面开展了较好的应用研究工作,取得了一批有价值的应用成果.中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心作为载人航天空间应用系统的总体单位,负责天宫一号高光谱成像仪的总体研制管理、集成测试验证、在轨运行支持及应用研究的组织推广,为更好地发挥应用效益做出了积极的贡献.     

Extraction and validation of cartosat-1 DEM

CARTOSAT-1 satellite, launched in May, 2005 is a dedicated along track stereo mission providing high quality data for topographic and cartographic applications. The present paper describes the evaluation of the Cartosat-1 stereo data, mainly through the generation and validation of DEM for moderately undulating and hilly areas. Photogrammetric techniques have been used for generation of DEM and Orthoimage for two cases i.e. 1) using RPCs (Rational Polynomial Coefficients) and 2) using RPCs along with ground control points. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in elevation values for the moderately undulating (Dehradun) and hilly area (Shimla), are found to be 4.38 and 3.69m respectively.