德令哈毫米波望远镜本振谐波干扰问题

射电天文中,射频干扰问题多样而复杂,面对不同的射频干扰问题,针对不同的干扰机制,采取针对性的方法。从器件阶段消减射频干扰,可以预防射频干扰进入望远镜内部。介绍了德令哈毫米波望远镜9波束边带分离型超导接收机, 1个本振链路系统分配18路本振信号方案,针对本振链路中信号发生器的谐波信号引起的中频窄带干扰,设计了注入模拟谐波信号的测试方案,确认了干扰产生机制并得出谐波信号频率与干扰信号频率和功率的对应关系,分析并验证了谐波干扰的传输路径。为了消减谐波干扰,利用YIG滤波器可变频段的带通特性,在本振链路上滤除谐波信号,防止谐波信号耦合到接收机系统,完成了谐波干扰的消减。     

电荷泵锁相环环路滤波器的设计与优化

环路滤波器是锁相环电路的重要部分,其性能好坏直接决定了电路输出信号的质量。以二阶无源环路滤波器为例介绍了电荷泵锁相环环路滤波器的设计方法,讨论了基于相位裕度和设计参数γ的环路滤波器优化设计,并且给出了仿真结果。结果证明这种环路滤波器设计方法正确,优化方法切实可行。     

低频时码接收机的FIR滤波器设计及其DSP实现

将FIR(有限冲击响应)数字滤波器应用于低频时码接收机中,并利用DSP(digital signal proccssor)芯片TMS320C5402实现了低频时码信号的FIR滤波。实验表明,FIR滤波可以使信号中混杂的较为严重的干扰得到很好的抑制,并且失真较小,有利于实现高性能的定时接收机。     

基于多相滤波器的宽带射电频谱仪设计

提出了一种基于多相滤波器的新型宽带射电频谱仪的设计方案。通过多相滤波器实现宽带射电信号的滤波,对滤波后的基带信号进行数字功率检波,再通过积分控制,最终得到射电信号的频谱强度。仿真分析表明,这一设计具有很好的效果,通过多相滤波器,使信号的速率大为降低,克服了传统频谱仪以及采用FFT实现频谱变换方法的缺点,可以实现对超宽带射电信号的实时频谱分析。     

基于CUDA的射电天文多相滤波器组设计

采用图形处理器和最新的通用并行计算架构设计了射电天文多相滤波器组,并对其性能指标进行了测试和分析。利用图形处理器强大的浮点数计算和高效并行执行能力实现了多相滤波器、快速傅里叶变换算法加速,改善了多相滤波器组算法的执行效率。实验结果表明,设计的多相滤波器组具有一定的灵活性和可扩展性,能够实现射电信号的高速滤波及信道化,可有效提高射电望远镜数字终端算法的并行数据处理能力和计算效率。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的天线系统自适应滤波器的仿真实现

为了使天线系统接收和显示的信号更清晰,达到消除系统噪声和电磁干扰的目的,针对中国科学院新疆天文台南山观测基地对射电天文观测和深空探测(探月工程和火星探测)的特殊要求,利用Matlab/Simulink强大的数值计算与仿真功能实现了一种依据自适应方法滤除噪声的滤波器。首先选择脉冲星1910+0728和1913-0440的观测信号为滤波参考信号。在Matlab上通过编写M文件设计了滤波算法并有效滤除了噪声。然后运用Simulink进行建模仿真,通过不断改变系统阶数与步长找到了滤波效果最好的自适应滤波器,确定了其最优参数为8阶,迭代步长为0.005。实验表明在这种阶数和步长下,滤波器能在保证快速滤波的前提下有效地还原接收信号的轮廓,将偏差降到最小。仿真最终结果表明自适应滤波器滤波效果良好,实用性强,满足了射电天文观测和探月的需求。     

接收机滤波器群时延对CAPS伪距测量影响的优化研究

在中国区域定位系统（Chinese Area Positioning System,CAPS）中,带通滤波器是用户接收机的重要组成部分,对于宽频测距码来说,其群时延特性是测距的重要误差来源之一.分析了接收机码跟踪环路,给出相关函数估算测距偏差,对带通滤波器群时延开展仿真分析,并研究了改进接收机设计以优化群时延特性的方法.研究对GNSS接收机的射频和环路设计有一定借鉴意义.     

基于自适应滤波的干扰消除方法研究

射电天文信号非常微弱,电磁环境对射电望远镜观测至关重要,通常可以利用地形、建立无线电宁静区、进行电磁屏蔽与防护等手段来减小电磁干扰.然而,仍有一些干扰难以屏蔽.故提出了一种基于自适应滤波的干扰消除方法,可用于复杂噪声环境中天文信号的提取.该方法借助自适应横向滤波器,采用最小均方(Least Mean Square, LMS)误差算法,以系统误差和收敛性为评判标准,通过改变步长与阶数对滤波效果进行优化,仿真结果显示该滤波器能在保证算法收敛的前提下有效提取信号.为了检验该算法的有效性,选取了新疆天文台南山26 m射电望远镜和Parkes 64 m射电望远镜记录的观测数据,采用设计的滤波器分别对不同的实测数据进行测试,验证了该滤波器的有效性.理论分析与实验结果一致表明该方法能有效消除天文观测中的干扰信号,具有一定的实用性.     

应用于被动氢钟的简单滤波器实现

在被动型氢原子钟数字伺服电路中,使用FPGA对误差信号进行数字信号处理。设计了一种简单的低通滤波器,与传统的FIR滤波器相比,节省了FPGA的使用资源,并且性能优于传统滤波器,能够很好地应用于被动型氢钟。     

基于加权滤波的低信噪比LAMOST光纤光谱信号降噪

针对低信噪比条件下光谱抽取精度较低的问题,对输入二维光谱图像进行预处理,提出了一种在Wigner时频域加权滤波的方法进行光纤光谱信号降噪,改善低信噪比的光谱数据质量。针对传统低通滤波不能滤除通带内混叠噪声的缺陷,采用Wigner变换获取光谱信号高集中度的时频分布。先构建带通滤波器滤除较分散的明显噪声分量,再针对通带部分设计加权滤波器,根据信号的先验信噪比进行非线性处理,最后利用Wigner变换的边缘特性重构有效信号。实验部分采用大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望远镜(the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope,LAMOST)系统的仿真和实测数据验证算法的有效性。     

Measurement of the radius of Mercury by radio occultation during the MESSENGER flybys

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft completed three flybys of Mercury in 2008–2009. During the first and third of those flybys, MESSENGER passed behind the planet from the perspective of Earth, occulting the radio-frequency (RF) transmissions. The occultation start and end times, recovered with 0.1 s accuracy or better by fitting edge-diffraction patterns to the RF power history, are used to estimate Mercury's radius at the tangent point of the RF path. To relate the measured radius to the planet shape, we evaluate local topography using images to identify the high-elevation feature that defines the RF path or using altimeter data to quantify surface roughness. Radius measurements are accurate to 150 m, and uncertainty in the average radius of the surrounding terrain, after adjustments are made from the local high at the tangent point of the RF path, is 350 m. The results are consistent with Mercury's equatorial shape as inferred from observations by the Mercury Laser Altimeter and ground-based radar. The three independent estimates of radius from occultation events collectively yield a mean radius for Mercury of 2439.2±0.5 km.     

基于GPS射频信号模拟的定时方法

针对采用GPS定时的设备提出了基于GPS射频信号模拟的定时方法,在不更改原有设备的情况下,可利用外部时间基准进行同步。首先建立卫星的轨道模型,模拟出卫星的导航电文;然后根据设备的位置模拟产生观测数据;再将导航电文调制到卫星的伪随机码上,根据观测数据计算出伪距,对调制的信号进行延迟;最后,通过正交射频调制得到GPS模拟信号。已建立的实验模型能实现以上模拟过程。测试表明,该方法可达到10ns级的定时精度。     

Scattering of radiation by free electrons. The angle-averaged redistribution function

Elementary events of photon scattering by a chaotically moving monoenergetic electron gas are examined to obtain the redistribution function (RF). It is pointed out that in many problems and, in particular, the interaction of background radiation with the intergalactic plasmas of rich galactic clusters, it is sufficient to have the angle-averaged RF. Expressions are obtained for the averaged RF and its asymptotes which describe the redistribution function for low frequency radiation. The question of determining the frequencydependent absorption coefficient is discussed. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 475–485 (August 2006).     

Orientational dependence of certain RF impedance probes in the ionosphere

In an effort to determine electron density and temperature from RF impedance probe measurements, Bishop and Baker (1972) derived an expression using a quasi-static approximation for the impedance of an electrically short cylindrical antenna in a warm magnetoplasma. The problem was limited to the case where the longitudinal axis of the antenna was aligned with the magnetic field. It is the purpose of this paper to remove this restriction on the orientation angle of the antenna by using a perturbation technique valid when either ω or ν is much larger than the electron gyrofrequency. Under these conditions it is found that the antenna impedance has no dependence upon the antenna orientation angle. Although still somewhat restrictive, this result is useful for the whole class of RF probes in which the driving frequency is well above the upper hybrid resonance frequency.     

混频电路在GPS接收机射频前端中的应用

简单介绍了混频电路频率变换的概念、常用的几种简单的混频电路和设计混频电路要考虑的几个性能参数，详细阐述了GPS接收机射频前端电路中的下变频设计。     

一种铷原子频标射频倍频单元的实现

讨论了射频倍频单元对汽泡型铷原子频标频率稳定度的影响,介绍了一种我们新研制的用于小型汽泡型铷原子频标的数字锁相倍频电路。将该数字锁相倍频电路接入铷原子频标系统后,闭环测得该频标系统的稳定度为σy（r=1s）≤3×10^-11,达到商用小型铷原子频标性能指标,而该倍频电路板的面积仅为原倍频电路板面积的1／2,功耗仅为原倍频电路的1／3。     

Discovering stellar core collapse events using satellite-born RF detectors

Previous research has shown that a massive electromagnetic pulse (MEMP) is the precursor to type II stellar core collapse events. While Earth’s ionosphere makes ground-based detection of this RF (radio frequency) electromagnetic pulse improbable, it can be readily observed by satellite-born detectors. The expected radius of detection using presently available COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) equipment is 2.67 billion light-years. A new class of astronomical objects is predicted to exist.     

关于太阳厘米-分米波段频谱日像仪研究进展

摘要：在无线电波段进行射电观测是研究太阳的一个十分重要的手段，不同波段的无线电波反映出不同的特性和状态，其辐射频率与环境参数密切相关。当探测出某一频率上的无线电辐射后，即可诊断源区的电子密度或磁场。因此，建设厘米-分米波段频谱日像仪将首次在该波段上实现同时以高空间、高时间和高频率分辨率观测太阳活动的动力学性质，探测日冕大气。对于太阳物理研究具有重要作用。本文介绍该项目的科学意义、技术方案及预研进展情况。     

The Receiver System for the Ooty Wide Field Array

The legacy Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) is being reconfigured as a 264-element synthesis telescope, called the Ooty Wide Field Array (OWFA). Its antenna elements are the contiguous 1.92 m sections of the parabolic cylinder. It will operate in a 38-MHz frequency band centred at 326.5 MHz and will be equipped with a digital receiver including a 264-element spectral correlator with a spectral resolution of 48 kHz. OWFA is designed to retain the benefits of equatorial mount, continuous 9-hour tracking ability and large collecting area of the legacy telescope and use of modern digital techniques to enhance the instantaneous field-of-view by more than an order of magnitude. OWFA has unique advantages for contemporary investigations related to large scale structure, transient events and space weather watch. In this paper, we describe the RF subsystems, digitizers and fibre optic communication of OWFA and highlight some specific aspects of the system relevant for the observations planned during the initial operation.     

Time-domain response of the ARIANNA detector

The Antarctic Ross Ice Shelf Antenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) is a high-energy neutrino detector designed to record the Askaryan electric field signature of cosmogenic neutrino interactions in ice. To understand the inherent radio-frequency (RF) neutrino signature, the time-domain response of the ARIANNA RF receiver must be measured. ARIANNA uses Create CLP5130-2N log-periodic dipole arrays (LPDAs). The associated effective height operator converts incident electric fields to voltage waveforms at the LDPA terminals. The effective height versus time and incident angle was measured, along with the associated response of the ARIANNA RF amplifier. The results are verified by correlating to field measurements in air and ice, using oscilloscopes. Finally, theoretical models for the Askaryan electric field are combined with the detector response to predict the neutrino signature.