CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS AND ITS TECTONIC SETTING IN WESTERN PART OF LAZHULONG-JINSAJIANG STRUCTURAL BELT

CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS AND ITS TECTONIC SETTING IN WESTERN PART OF LAZHULONG-JINSAJIANG STRUCTURAL BELT     

Lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing blueschists from NW Qiangtang,northern Tibet,China: mineralogy,geochemistry, geochronology,and tectonic implications

The occurrence of high-pressure (HP) blueschists within the central Qiangtang terrane of northern Tibet has a significant bearing on plate-suturing processes. In order to contribute to the ongoing debate on whether the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt represents an in situ suture within the Qiangtang terrane, we examined lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing blueschists from the northwest Qiangtang area (84° 10′–85° 30′ E, 34°10′–34° 45′ N). All studied rocks are metapelites, metasandstones, or metabasalts, characterized by lawsonite + glaucophane + phengite, lawsonite + glaucophane + epidote + albite + quartz, or glaucophane + phengite + quartz assemblages. The meta-mafic rocks contain very high TiO₂ and low Al₂O₃ contents. They are typified by abundant ferromagnesian trace elements, and an absence of Eu anomalies and Nb–Ta deletions; all the above features indicate that these mafic rocks represent oceanic island basalt (OIB) protoliths. Most of the metasediments contain high SiO₂, moderate Al₂O₃ + K₂O, and low TiO₂ + Na₂O. They display high CIA (chemical index of alteration) values (74% ± 5%) and distinctly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.64 ± 0.05). This, along with their high field strength elemental characteristics, indicates that they were deposited in a passive continental margin environment, intercalated with OIB-type basalts. We estimate the peak metamorphic conditions for these blueschists as T = 330–415°C and P = 9–11.5 kbar. This HP event occurred at ca. 242 Ma, indicated by a well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age for glaucophane. Retrograde metamorphism occurred at T = 280–370°C, P = 6.5–9.5 kbar, t = ca. 207 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of phengite). Therefore, a cold subduction (geotherm ～8°C/km) attended the passive continental margin during the Triassic when the eastern Qiangtang collided with the western Qiangtang. The northwest Qiangtang HP metamorphic belt is an extension of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt that defines the suture between eastern and western Qiangtang, and indicates an anticlockwise, diachronous closure of the Shuanghu Palaeo-Tethys.     

THE METAMORPHIC FEATURE,AGE AND MECHANISM OF AMUGANG GROUP IN NORTHERN TIBET

THE METAMORPHIC FEATURE,AGE AND MECHANISM OF AMUGANG GROUP IN NORTHERN TIBET     

青藏高原羌塘中部双湖早古生代斜长角闪岩年代学及地质意义

羌塘盆地中部双湖县齐陇乌如沟出露一套斜长角闪岩,通过对该斜长角闪岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为450.1±5.0Ma,表明该变基性岩形成于晚奥陶世。元素地球化学测试分析表明,SiO_2含量在45.67%~51.68%,Na_2O为0.98%~2.54%,总体呈现明显的高Na、低K的特点。轻、重稀土元素分馏较小,Eu具有轻度的正异常。微量元素Rb、Ba和U元素相对较为富集,Nb、Ta和Zr具有不同程度的亏损。地球化学特征显示具有E-MORB的性质,代表了古特提斯洋壳的残余。齐陇乌如沟斜长角闪岩的年龄与昌宁-孟连结合带的铜厂街蛇绿岩和湾河蛇绿岩形成年龄基本一致,地球化学性质相似,说明龙木错-双湖结合带与昌宁-孟连结合带代表了一个统一的原(古)特提斯洋。     

STUDY ON THE ISOTOPIC CHRONOLOGY AND THE TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DUGUER GRANITIC GNEISS IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG, TIBET

STUDY ON THE ISOTOPIC CHRONOLOGY AND THE TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DUGUER GRANITIC GNEISS IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG, TIBET     

西藏尕尔穷铜金矿床花岗岩类的地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义

尕尔穷铜金矿位于念青唐古拉板片与南羌塘板片之间的班公湖-怒江缝合带西段,区内花岗岩类形成于燕山晚期,主要为中酸性侵入岩,以岩基、岩株、岩枝、岩脉等形态产出。岩石具有较低的SiO2(52.92%～79.21%,多数集中在60%～65%,平均为63.64%)和较高的Al2O3(10.43%～16.49%,平均为15.23),高碱(ω(Na2O+K2O):4.86%～7.15%),ω(Na2O)/ω(K2O)比值变化较大(0.26～2.26),弱的负铕异常和负铈异常,相对富集不相容元素Rb、Th、K、Ce,而Ba、Ta、Nb、Ti亏损。这些特征表明花岗岩类是准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩,其源区物质可能是基性玄武质成分,形成于与板块俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧环境,为深部地壳物质熔融后与幔源基性岩浆混合作用的产物。     

大兴安岭北部伊列克得组玄武岩的地球化学特征

大兴安岭北部伊列克得组玄岩类具有富碱（Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ〉６．３７％）、高Ｋ２Ｏ（２．６２％～３．１１％）,高Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值（０．７～０．８）和Ｔｈ／Ｔａ、Ｃｅ／Ｎｂ、Ｔａ／Ｎｂ比值,以及强烈富集大离子亲石元素（ＬＩＬＥ）和轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）的特征,属于钾玄质系列,低Ｓｒ／Ｎｄ比值（１３～１７．５）的特征类似于洋岛玄武岩,但其Ｔａ／Ｈｆ,Ｔｈ／Ｔａ比值特征及与Ａ型花岗岩共生等特征表明,钾玄     

东准噶尔北缘托斯巴斯套闪长岩体地球化学特征及成因

托斯巴斯陶闪长岩体位于东噶尔北缘老山口铁铜金矿区内.岩石化学成分均富碱ω(Na2O+K2O)=6.68%~9.57%,高钾,大多数样品K2O/Na2O=1.12~1.31,富集Ba,Sr,Th,U,Pb等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb,Ta,P和Ti,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.87~1.09),显示准铝质钾玄质碱性系列岩石特征.母岩浆来源于受钾质流体交代的幔源基性岩浆与花岗质岩浆混合物,演化过程中经角闪石与辉石分离结晶作用,其形成与板块俯冲作用有关,并对老山口铁铜金矿的形成具一定贡献.     

Eclogitic metasediments from central Qiangtang, Northern Tibet: Evidence for continental subduction during the eastern and western Qiangtang collision

Eclogitic metasediments from the central Qiangtang metamorphic terrane provide new insights into the continental subduction during the eastern and western Qiangtang collision. Petrologic observations show that the metasediments correspond to meta-sandstones of a continental margin. It is characterized by the garnet + omphacite + rutile + phengite + quartz assemblage, and the peak metamorphic temperature and pressure were estimated to be 535 ± 40 °C and ～27 kbar, respectively, by major element partitioning thermobarometry. Subsequent retrogression occurred at ～472 ± 30 °C and ～6–9 kbar. The occurrence of eclogitized central Qiangtang terrane indicates the subduction of the western Qiangtang passive continental margin beneath eastern Qiangtang when eastern and western Qiangtang collided along the Shuanghu suture.     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

青藏高原双湖地区二叠系玄武岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

对青藏高原羌塘地块中部双湖地区发育的二叠系碱性系列和拉斑系列玄武岩进行了详细的地球化学研究。碱性系列玄武岩富集LILE和LREE,其La/Nb比值和OIB相近,Ti/V比值明显高于典型MORB,在微量元素构造环境判别图解上位于OIB区域。拉斑系列玄武岩具有相对平坦的稀土元素配分模式,和典型MORB相比,其Ti/V比值也明显偏高,在微量元素构造环境判别图解上位于MORB和OIB重合的区域,表明岩石起源于一个低度富集的地幔源区。结合区域地质背景,认为双湖二叠系拉斑系列-碱性系列玄武岩组合可能形成于陆间裂谷到小洋盆环境,这套玄武岩的产出可能代表古特提斯洋沿龙木错—双湖构造带在不同地区的发育程度不同,双湖地区在二叠纪应为一个陆间裂谷到小洋盆环境。     

龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋俯冲记录——羌塘中部日湾茶卡早石炭世岛弧火山岩

尽管龙木错—双湖结合带经历早古生代—三叠纪的长期演化过程,但已有资料显示羌塘中部沿该带的岩浆活动主要与碰撞作用有关,仍缺乏与俯冲相关火成岩的报道。报道龙木错—双湖结合带西段日湾茶卡东的一套那底岗日组火山岩中安山岩的年龄、岩石及地球化学特征,利用LA-ICP-MS方法测得安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为330.6±2.8Ma,表明火山活动的时间为早石炭世。该套岩石因遭受硅质流体交代,SiO2含量变化较大（54.84%~72.84%）,在Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.00001图解中全部落入安山岩区,属于低—中钾钙碱性系列;微量元素蛛网图明显富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具火山岛弧特征。日湾茶卡安山岩是在羌塘中部发现的早石炭世岛弧型火山岩,为龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋盆晚古生代俯冲作用提供直接的年代学和岩石学证据。     

滇西昌宁-孟连带三叠纪花岗岩地球化学、年代学及其意义

癞痢头山、云岭和耿马岩体位于昌宁-孟连带的中北段,主要岩性为二长花岗岩,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,这三个岩体几乎同期侵位于约231Ma。这三个岩体的SiO₂含量为65.65%～67.68%,富钾(K₂O/Na₂O=2.71%～1.42%)和较低钙CaO(1.35%～2.98%),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.10～1.22,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La和LREE等元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr及Hf等高场强元素。这些特征表明3个岩体属于强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩。这三个岩体负且变化范围大的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-26.8～-8.2)和古老的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(1.2～2.7Ga),表明它们主要来源于古老地壳物质(如含长石和黑云母且贫粘土的杂砂屑岩)的重熔,并有不同程度的幔源物质加入。它们可能侵位于后碰撞背景,可能指示缅泰马微陆块与思茅地块的主体碰撞在232Ma之前(即晚三叠世之前)已经发生。     

矿物和玻璃中NaK—边的同步辐射XANES研究

本文利用同步辐射的NaK-边X射线近边结构谱（XANES）研究了含Na矿物NaK-边的特征谱，其谱的能量位置随着配位数垢增加而增大，同时建立了含磷（P）的钠玻璃中NaK-边的能量，随着P的含量增加而增大，由此表明本方法可以作为研究含Na矿物和Na玻璃的配位与局部结构的新方法。     

内蒙古色日崩地区白音高老组流纹岩岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙古西乌旗色日崩地区早白垩世白音高老组流纹岩为高硅（SiO₂=78.32%~86.80%）、富碱（K₂O+Na₂O=3.84%~7.63%）、高铝（Al₂O₃=8.59%~13.70%）,低MgO、CaO、TiO₂、MnO,稀土元素与微量元素地球化学特征显示其类似于A型花岗岩特征;低Ti/Y、Nb/Y与Ti/Zr比值,高Rb/Nb与Rb/Y比值以及Sr、Eu强烈亏损,表明白音高老组流纹岩为上地壳物质部分熔融成因,形成于早白垩世非造山板内伸展环境.     

西藏羌塘中部才多茶卡蓝闪石40Ar/39Ar年代学及地质意义

本文报道了藏北羌塘中部才多茶卡地区晚三叠世蓝闪石片岩及蓝闪石矿物的新发现及地质意义。通过对才多茶卡构造混杂岩地质剖面的实测,在剖面第6层灰绿色变基性火山岩(绿片岩)中新发现以产蓝闪石类矿物为特征的中—高压变质岩系——蓝闪石片岩。对蓝闪石片岩的岩石学和矿物学特征进行了详细室内研究。从蓝闪石片岩中挑选出蓝闪石单矿物进行了40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定,结果表明,蓝闪石单矿物的坪年龄值为209±4Ma,等时线年龄值为216±4Ma,坪年龄与等时线年龄基本一致,属于晚三叠世诺利期,这与区域上羌塘中部发育的红脊山—双湖蓝闪石片岩的中—高压变质事件相吻合。由于蓝闪石类矿物的产出具有特殊的构造机制和地质意义,因此双湖以东的才多茶卡地区蓝闪石片岩的新发现及蓝闪石矿物的40Ar/39Ar同位素年代学研究进一步补充和丰富了青藏高原腹地羌塘中部龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带的物质组成和同位素年代学信息,同时也为解决羌塘地区"龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带是否向东延伸"等重大基础性地质问题,提供了新的重要资料。研究资料表明,羌塘中部自西向东从冈玛错、红脊山、绒马,经嘎尔错到才多茶卡地区,沿构造线方向断续分布的长达600km的含蓝闪石片岩的中—高压变质岩系,都是龙木错-双湖构造混杂岩带印支期构造活动事件的产物。     

滇西梁河龙塘花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

为了查明出露于滇西梁河县的龙塘二长花岗岩体的形成时代和构造背景,对其进行了锫石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究.结果显示:该花岗岩的锆石具有清晰的生长振荡环带,其Th/U值为0.11 ～1.79,属于典型的岩浆成因锆石.锆石的15个测点206pb/238U加权平均年龄为(232.1±5.6) Ma (...     

华北地块南缘老牛山杂岩体时代、成因及地质意义——锆石年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学新证据

老牛山杂岩体位于华北地块南缘。野外侵入关系和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,其由晚三叠世(印支期)和晚侏罗(燕山期)花岗质岩石组成。印支期岩石类型为石英二长岩、石英闪长岩和粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为223±1Ma、222±1Ma和214±1Ma; 燕山期为中粒-中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒-中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为152±1Ma和146±1Ma。印支期石英闪长岩、石英二长岩的SiO₂相对含量低、富碱、高铝,为钾玄系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;印支期粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩具富硅、碱、高铝、低镁的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝质-过铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;燕山期黑云母二长花岗岩具高硅和铝、富碱,低镁的特点,为高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩。组成老牛山杂岩体的花岗岩从早到晚SiO₂含量由低变高,MgO、CaO和Na₂O由高变低。各期次岩石均表现出稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素明显富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有较弱的铕异常。两期花岗质岩石均富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr),而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P)。印支期花岗质岩石的全岩ε_Nd(t)为-11.3~-14.87,t_DM为1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-9.57~-25.11,t_DM2为1863~2841Ma;燕山期花岗岩的全岩ε_Nd(t)为-13.32~-16.83,t_DM为 1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-18.28~-24.79,t_DM2 为2360~2767Ma,表明该杂岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主,可能与太古宙太华群相似,印支期有年轻地幔物质贡献。     

陕南铁船山岩体的地球化学特征、成因及其形成的构造环境

扬子克拉通北缘的铁船山岩体形成于新元古代，其岩石类型为霓石－钠铁门石花岗岩，岩石富碱质、Ｓｔ、Ｆｅ、ＲＥＥ和高场强元素，而贫Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等组分，δＥｕ＝０．２０，Ａ／ＫＮＣ＝０．８５，Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝１．０９，Ａ·Ｒ＝９．２８，岩石属典型的Ａ型花岗岩，Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ和Ｏ同位素示踪反映其成岩物质来自于壳幔混合源区。根据区域地质背景的综合分析，岩体形成于活动陆缘的张裂构造环境，属活动板块边缘拉张型花岗岩。     

澜沧江杂岩带小黑江-上允地区蓝片岩的成因及变质演化

通过对澜沧江杂岩带小黑江-上允地区蓝片岩的岩相学、地球化学、成因矿物学以及相平衡模拟的综合研究,阐述蓝片岩的原岩以及变质演化过程。地球化学分析结果显示,蓝片岩具有一致的稀土元素配分模式,具弱Eu正或负异常,稀土元素和微量元素特征与OIB相似,其原岩可能为OIB型玄武岩。详细矿物学研究表明,本区蓝片岩记录了俯冲峰期蓝片岩相变质和峰期后绿片岩相变质两个变质阶段,其矿物组合分别为蓝闪石+钠长石+多硅白云母+绿泥石+绿帘石和蓝闪石+钠长石±阳起石+绿泥石+绿帘石。通过Na_2O-Ca O-Fe O-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-O体系相平衡计算,得到两个阶段的压力范围分别约为0.95 GPa和0.40 GPa。