济阳坳陷古近系泥页岩成因相划分

系统岩心观察和高密度薄片鉴定等分析测试资料研究结果显示,济阳坳陷沙三下-沙四上泥页岩成分组成及构造类型主要受沉积作用控制,岩石结构特征主要受成岩作用控制。根据泥页岩中方解石成因及重结晶程度,结合岩石成分及构造特征,将济阳坳陷沙三下-沙四上泥页岩划分为沉积主控型、沉积-成岩双控型及成岩主控型三大成因相。沉积主控型分布最为广泛,岩相类型多样,构造特征反映成因环境;沉积-成岩双控型主要见于纹层状岩相,由泥质纹层与显晶粒状方解石纹层互层构成;成岩主控型以柱状、柱纤状方解石垂直层面呈脉状、透镜状产出为特征。成岩主控型和沉积-成岩双控型泥页岩与页岩油气关系密切,是重要的有利成因相类型。     

A Volumetric Model for Evaluating Tight Sandstone Gas Reserves in the Permian Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin,Central China

To accurately measure and evaluate reserves is critical for ensuring successful production of unconventional oil and gas. This work proposes a volumetric model to evaluate the tight sandstone gas reserves of the Permian Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin. The reserves can be determined by four major parameters of reservoir cutoffs, net pay, gas-bearing area and compression factor Z, which are controlled by reservoir characteristics and sedimentation. Well logging, seismic analysis, core analysis and gas testing, as well as thin section identification and SEM analysis were used to analyze the pore evolution and pore-throat structure. The porosity and permeability cutoffs are determined by distribution function curve,empirical statistics and intersection plot. Net pay and gas-bearing area are determined based on the cutoffs, gas testing and sand body distribution, and the compression factor Z is obtained by gas component. The results demonstrate that the reservoir in the Sulige gas field is characterized by ultralow porosity and permeability, and the cutoffs of porosity and permeability are 5% and 0.15×10~(–3) μm~2, respectively. The net pay and gas-bearing area are mainly affected by the sedimentary facies, sand body types and distribution. The gas component is dominated by methane which accounts for more than 90%, and the compression factor Z of H_8(P_2h_8) and S_1(P_1s_1) are 0.98 and 0.985, respectively. The distributary channels stacked and overlapped, forming a wide and thick sand body with good developed intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores. The upper part of channel sand with good porosity and permeability can be sweet spot for gas exploration. The complete set of calculation systems proposed for tight gas reserve calculation has proved to be effective based on application and feedback. This model provides a new concept and consideration for reserve prediction and calculation in other areas.     

车镇凹陷古近系深层碎屑岩有效储层物性下限及控制因素

综合运用物性、试油、压汞等资料,分别利用分布函数曲线法、测试法、试油法、束缚水饱和度法以及最小有效孔喉半径法,求取了车镇凹陷古近系深层有效储层物性下限,在此基础上,以孔隙度差值和渗透率差值作为对比参数,探讨了沉积作用、地层压力和成岩作用对深层有效储层发育的控制作用。车镇凹陷古近系深层碎屑岩有效储层孔隙度下限与深度的对数呈线性函数关系,渗透率下限与深度呈指数函数关系。三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝微相砂体有效储层最发育、孔隙度差值和渗透率差值较好,而湖底扇、近岸水下扇、扇三角洲以及冲积扇砂砾岩体有效储层发育较少、孔隙度差值和渗透率差值较差;中强超压储层的有效储层百分含量、孔隙度差值和渗透率差值均好于常压—弱超压储层;中成岩A1期储层的有效储层百分含量、孔隙度差值和渗透率差值均好于中成岩A2、中成岩B期储层。总体上,沉积相带是深层有效储层发育的最主要控制因素,异常高压对有效储层发育的控制作用强于成岩作用,成岩作用对有效储层的影响受沉积相带和异常高压的控制,原始储集性能好且受异常高压保护的储层易于受溶解作用的改造形成优质有效储层。     

姬原西部延长组长61储层成岩作用与成岩相特征

针对姬原油田西部区块长6_1储层物性差、非均质性强、成岩作用较复杂的问题,文章通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜和物性资料分析手段,对其成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。研究区以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,孔隙类型以残余原生粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主。主要的成岩作用有压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代作用。其中,压实作用和胶结作用是原生孔隙降低的主要原因,溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙在一定程度上改善了储层物性。通过成岩作用、储层物性和沉积相综合研究,划分出了4种主要的成岩相:弱压实—强溶蚀相;中等溶蚀—硅质胶结—高岭石充填相;中等压实—弱溶蚀相和强压实—碳酸盐胶结相。最后结合储层常规测井特征对各成岩相在剖面上分布规律、组合模式进行分析表明,研究区长6_1储层在剖面上的岩相组合模式主要有侧向封堵式、同心环式和纵向互层式。     

伊拉克M油田白垩系Mishrif组潟湖环境碳酸盐岩储集层成因机理

为深化潟湖相碳酸盐岩储集层非均质性认识,以伊拉克M油田白垩系Mishrif组为例,基于岩心观察、物性分析数据、铸体薄片及压汞实验,对潟湖相储集层特征及成因机理开展研究.结果显示:研究区潟湖环境岩石类型复杂,生物碎屑具有多样性,储集层以低渗、特低渗为主,孔隙度分布范围宽,发育大量的基质微孔、铸模孔和晶间孔.储集层强非均质...     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组长8储层特征

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长8油层段是重要的储集层之一,包括长81和长82两个砂岩组。通过储层岩石学、储层物性、孔隙结构及储层控制因素等方面对储层特征进行分析,总结并评价储层储集性能。研究结果表明,储层岩石类型主要为中细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中—高;岩石物性总体较差,属低孔、低渗储层,发育粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、晶间孔等孔隙类型,喉道以中细喉—细喉为主。储集性变化受沉积作用和成岩作用控制,沉积作用控制了储层砂体展布,进而影响其岩石学特征的表现,压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用控制了储层孔隙结构特征及储层物性,根据岩性和物性分析特征可将储集岩分为4类,优质储层的勘探应以沉积作用控制的多套砂体相互叠置的水下分流河道沉积为重点。     

苏里格气田苏48区盒_8—山_1段砂岩储层物性主控因素研究

通过岩心观察、物性分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射等方法,对苏里格气田苏48区块盒8—山1段储层岩心样品进行分析测试,研究储层物性的主控因素。研究表明,苏里格气田苏48区盒8—山1段储层属低、特低孔低渗储层,其物性主要受沉积作用及成岩作用的控制。沉积作用通过控制储层的碎屑成分及沉积微相来控制其物性,心滩、边滩物性最好...     

Characteristics of the tight sand reservoirs in the delta front in the Xu-2 Member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (Hechuan area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China)

The Xu-2 Member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (Hechuan area, southwestern China) is an important potential sedimentary sequence for gas exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study of drilling parameters, sedimentary cores, well logging, and core test data and combined our results with previous research and the geological background of the basin. We found that the Hechuan area was a delta front that included underwater distributary channels, interchannels, and mouth and distal bars during deposition of the Xu-2 Member. The sand body genetic types were divided into three categories based on where they developed: an underwater distributary channel, a mouth bar, or a distal bar. The lithology of the Xu-2 reservoirs is mainly feldspathic litharenite, lithic arkose, subarkose, litharenite, and sublitharenite. Residual intergranular pores and intergranular dissolution pores are the major pore types in the reservoirs. Reservoirs with porosities of 0.18–15.84% and permeabilities of 0.001–8.72?×?10^?3 μm² showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7592. The reservoir throats are mainly tubular and constricted. Overall, the sedimentary environment and diagenesis are the major controlling factors for reservoir formation in the study area. The reservoir zones with relatively high porosity and permeability mainly developed in a delta front with underwater distributary channels and mouth bars. Chlorite growth preserved the primary pores during early diagenesis stage B, and intergranular dissolution pores resulted from contact with organic acids derived from source rocks during middle diagenesis stage A₁. Compaction and cementation significantly decreased porosity during middle diagenesis stage A₂. These important factors influenced reservoir quality.     

Fluid–rock interactions during continuous diagenesis of sandstone reservoirs and their effects on reservoir porosity

The Cretaceous sandstone reservoir in the Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin, western China, was investigated with reference to its reservoir property evolution during diagenesis. Six general diagenetic stages were recognized through petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Fluid–rock interaction experiments were conducted under these six continuous diagenetic conditions, that is with a simulation sequence of compaction → early diagenesis → organic acid incursion I → elevated temperature/pressure → organic acid incursion II → late diagenesis. Corresponding to these six experimental stages, a total of six models were constructed. Finally, an extended model of fluid–rock interaction during diagenesis at a geological timescale (from 30 Ma to present) was constructed after various parameters had been validated. Results demonstrate that the diagenetic stages from both the experimental and numerical simulations generally matched findings obtained from the petrographic and geochemical analyses: (i) With compaction becoming weakened, cementation by various minerals was gradually increased. (ii) Quartz overgrowth occurred because the contemporaneous sedimentary water was alkaline. (iii) Most minerals (for example, calcite and feldspar minerals) displayed dissolution owing to the first organic acid incursion, resulting in the visual porosity increasing to 29·26%. (iv) Increases in temperature and pressure caused a minor fluctuation of the porosity change. (v) The cement that formed during earlier stages largely dissolved with the second organic acid incursion. (vi) During the last stage, the reservoir fluid was diluted by sedimentary alkaline water and most minerals precipitated under an alkalic environment. The present porosity simulated is about 11·4%, comparable with the actually measured data. This study demonstrates that the combination of petrographic observations, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations can not only reconstruct the diagenetic process, but also provide a quantitative evaluation and prediction of reservoir petrophysical properties.     

Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China

The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing     

准噶尔盆地石西地区侏罗系八道湾组储层特征及主控因素分析

通过岩心、录井、铸体薄片以及扫描电镜等分析手段,对准噶尔盆地石西地区侏罗系八道湾组储层进行分析,认为研究区储层以细粒沉积为主,岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主;储集空间主要由原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和微裂缝组成,属于中低孔、中低渗储层。同时探讨了石西地区侏罗系八道湾组储层的主控因素,结果表明,岩性是优质储层形成的物质基础;沉积相是控制优质储层发育的主导因素;成岩作用和早期油气充注控制着储层孔隙的发育程度。研究区有利储层主要分布于八一段(J_1b~1)和八三段(J_1b~3)的辫状河扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道中。     

Fluid overpressure as a control on sandstone reservoir quality in a mechanical compaction dominated setting: Magnolia Field,Gulf of Mexico

The reservoir quality (porosity and permeability) of deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoir sandstones in sedimentary basins is significantly affected by burial diagenesis. Many deep reservoirs develop anomalous fluid overpressures during burial. Previous studies on the effect of fluid overpressure on reservoir quality in these deep reservoirs have been inconclusive because of the difficulty in constraining the individual contributions of various porosity preserving factors that are simultaneously active in these reservoirs. Owing to its rapid burial and low burial temperatures, the Neogene gravity‐flow sandstone reservoirs from the Magnolia Field, Gulf of Mexico, offers a unique opportunity to investigate in isolation the effect of fluid overpressure on reservoir quality. Examination of petrography, pore pressure and routine core analysis datasets showed a positive correlation between high fluid overpressure and enhanced reservoir quality. This study confirms that fluid overpressure preserves reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs in compaction dominated, high sedimentation basin settings.     

辫状河砂体储层沉积学研究──以张家口地区露头砂体为例

本文从储层沉积学的角度,对张家口地区辫状河砂体的成因进行了分析,划分了3级层次界面和6种岩石相类型,对沉积作用和成岩作用与储层物性的关系进行了探讨。指出沉积作用是影响砂体物性的主要因素,成岩作用对物性的改造受沉积作用控制。粒度中值和泥质含量与储层物性密切相关,胶结物对孔隙度的影响大于对渗透率的影响。研究表明,砂岩相与储层物性能建立起很好的对应关系,代表高能环境的砂岩相总是对应相对较好的储层物性;界面对储层的影响表现在:1级界面控制了砂体的几何形态和规模,2级界面控制了单砂体的宏观非均质性,3级界面控制了高孔、渗区的分布。最后建立了辫状河砂体的一维和二维储层地质模型,这将对油田的开发设计起指导作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭地区长81储层成岩作用及孔隙度定量演化

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭地区为三角洲前缘沉积,长8_1油层属于低渗透、特低渗透、超低渗透致密砂岩油藏。综合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性等试验资料,深化认识马岭地区长8_1成岩作用特征;利用沉积环境、粘土矿物、古地温、R_o、流体包裹体温度等实验结论开展成岩阶段及成岩序列的研究;在成岩作用阶段中,压实和胶结-交代作用降低了部分孔隙度,溶蚀作用产出的次生孔隙是致密储层的高渗通道,在定性认识的同时设立储层孔隙度定量演化计算,实现了孔隙度演化的定量认识,且定量计算与气测孔隙度误差为3. 2%;通过研究4类样品表明,研究区长8_1属于强烈压实型成岩作用,不同成岩阶段孔隙的差异性直接导致了储层物性的好坏。     

川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组储集层特征与控制因素

根据薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、岩石物性等分析化验资料以及测井资料,对川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组储集层特征与控制因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)龙王庙组储集层岩性主要为颗粒碳酸盐岩,其次是粉-细晶白云岩。(2)龙王庙组储集层储集空间主要为粒间(溶)孔、晶间(溶)孔、粒内溶孔,构造缝和溶蚀缝发育;储集层基质孔隙度值和渗透率值低,平均值分别为4.25％和6.25×10^-3μm²,储集层类型包括孔隙型和裂缝-溶孔型2种。(3)龙王庙组储集层的形成和分布可能受到沉积作用、成岩作用、埋藏过程等3种控制因素的共同影响:沉积作用提供了储集层发育的地质基础;成岩作用是影响储集层发育的关键因素;埋藏方式影响储集层的最终形成,是川东地区龙王庙组储集层质量差于川中及川东南地区的原因之一。(4)综合储集层的岩性、物性、厚度及分布范围,认为川东及其周缘地区龙王庙组储集层以局限台地内滩体最为有利,局限潮坪次之。     

库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素

塔里木盆地致密砂岩气分布广、勘探潜力大,是今后勘探的重要前瞻性领域.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统砂岩储层普遍致密,加强其储层特征及主控因素的研究,对指导下一步的天然气勘探开发具有重要意义.为了揭示了塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层的发育规律及主控因素,通过铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦等测试手段并结合测井资料,研究了储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构特征和物性特征.结果表明,该区储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩为主,岩石成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等;孔隙结构主要为中孔细喉和小孔微喉,孔隙连通性较差;孔隙度大部分为4%~12%,平均为8.12%,有效空气渗透率主要为(0.1~3)×10-3μm2,属于典型的致密砂岩储层.在此基础上,综合分析了致密储层与沉积作用、成岩作用、构造作用的关系.研究认为,储层的物性受沉积作用、成岩作用、构造作用等的共同影响,其中主控因素是受沉积作用控制的粒度、成岩作用中的压实作用和构造压实作用.     

Formation Laws of Inorganic Gas Pools in the Northern Jiangsu Basin

In the Northern Jiangsu basin there are high pure CO2 gas pools, low condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools, high condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools and He-containing natural gas pools, with the δ13Cco2 (PDB) values ranging from -2.87‰ to -6.50‰, 3He/4He 3.71×10-6 to 6.42×10-6, R/Ra 2.64 to 4.5, 40Ar/36Ar 705 to 734, belonging to typical mantle source inorganic gas pools which are related to young magmatic activity. The gas layers occur in two major reservoir-caprock systems, the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic clastic rock system and the marine Meso-Palaeozoic carbonate rock-clastic rock system. Controlled by the difference in the scale of traps in the two reservoir-caprock systems, large and medium-scale inorganic gas pools are formed in the marine Meso-Palaeozoic Group and only small ones are formed in the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic strata. Inorganic gas pools in this basin are distributed along the two deep lithospheric faults on the west and south boundaries of the basin. Gas pools are developed     

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区二叠系储集层特征及影响因素分析

根据40余口钻井的岩石学资料, 较系统地描述了乌夏地区二叠系储集层特征及其主要影响因素。乌夏地区二叠系储集层类型多样,主要包括陆源碎屑岩、白云（质）岩、火山碎屑岩和火山岩4大类。乌夏地区二叠系储集空间类型以次生孔隙为主,碎屑岩储集层以粒内溶孔、填隙物内溶孔、压裂缝最为发育;白云岩储集层主要发育裂缝,火山碎屑岩储集空间类型则主要为气孔和裂缝,火山岩储集层在乌夏地区分布较少,储集空间主要为气孔。二叠系储集层孔隙结构均属小孔细喉、微孔微细喉、微孔微喉,储集性能中等-差,整体为中、低孔渗储集层。研究认为岩性、粒度、成岩压实、溶蚀及破裂作用是本区储集层质量的主要影响因素：岩性、粒度主要影响储集层性质;压实作用是孔隙损失的主控因素,平均压实减孔量高达23.65％;溶蚀及破裂作用则对改善储集层物性起重要作用;断裂活动也使断裂带附近储集层物性发生明显的改善。根据储集层储集性能及其控制因素,将储集层划分为5种类型,乌夏地区以Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类为主。

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The origin and alteration of calcite cement in tight sandstones of the Jurassic Shishugou Group,Fukang Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China: implications for fluid–rock interactions and porosity evolution

The Shishugou Group, which consists of Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation and Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation, is currently an important hydrocarbon exploration target in the Fukang Sag of Junggar Basin, China. The Shishugou Group sandstones experienced a complex diagenetic history with deep burial (3600–5800 m) to develop low–ultralow porosity and permeability reservoir with some high-quality reservoirs found in the tight sandstones owing to the reservoir heterogeneity. This integrated petrographic and geochemical study aims to unravel the origin and alteration of calcite cement in the Shishugou Group sandstones and predict fluid–rock interaction and porosity evolution. The Shishugou Group sandstones (Q_43.8F_7.4R_48.8) have a dominant calcite cement with strong heterogeneity forming in two generations: poikilotopic, pore-filling masses that formed at an early diagenetic stage and isolated rhombs or partial grain replacements that formed at a late stage. The Shishugou Group, which are lacustrine sediments formed in low–medium salinity lake water in a semiarid–arid climatic environment, provided the alkaline diagenetic environment needed for precipitation of chlorite and early calcite cements in early diagenesis. The Ca²⁺ of the pore-filling calcite cements was sourced from weathering or dissolution of volcanic clasts in the sediment source or during transport in under oxidising conditions. The δ¹⁸O_V-PDB and δ¹³C_V-PDB values of calcite were significantly controlled by distance from the top unconformity and underlying coal-bearing stratum with carbon sourced from atmospheric CO₂, and organic matter. The early carbonate cement inhibited burial compaction producing intergranular pore spaces with enhanced reservoir properties by late dissolution under acidic conditions. Anhydrite cement reflects reaction of organic acid and hydrocarbon with the sandstones and is associated with fluid migration pathways. The fluid–rock interactions and porosity evolution of the tight deep sandstones produced secondary pores that filled with hydrocarbon charge that forms this deep high-quality reservoir.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统长8段砂岩储层 成岩作用与孔隙演化

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘上三叠统延长组长8是该区油藏的主力储集层,主要为一套湖泊-三角洲相砂岩,储集岩主要为长石砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩.以岩心观察为基础,结合薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、压汞测试、X-衍射、包裹体测温、R.测定等方法认为,研究区延长组砂岩经历了压实、胶结、溶解、交代等成岩作用,成岩阶段已达中成岩阶段A期.成岩作用成为控制该区物性的一个关键因素,早期的机械压实和胶结作用使原生孔隙大量丧失,有机质分解形成的酸性流体使储集层中长石等易溶组分的溶蚀对储层物性起到重要的改善作用,成岩阶段后期以(含铁)碳酸盐胶结物为主的胶结又使砂岩致密化.成岩作用中的孔隙演化特征对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组低渗透储集层的开发具有积极的意义.