中国沿海大陆架油气藏的形成与分布规律

本文论述了中国沿海大陆架已发现油气藏的基本特征,油气藏的形成与分布规律,预测了含油气有利地区.著者强调复合油气田是中国沿海大陆架油气聚集的重要特征,概括了8种主要复合油气田类型,油气藏形成和分布,受沉积盆地类型和沉积构造演化历史所控制,有明显的规律性,各个沉积盆地又有其独特的主导因素.著者认为中国沿海大陆架虽然勘探程度很低,但有充分的依据说明,发现更多高富集、高产量油气田的前景是十分乐观的.     

与岩石圈拉伸有关的盆地的形成机理、类型及特征

与岩石圈拉伸有关的盆地可以出现在威尔逊旋回的各个阶段和各种不同的板块构造环境中。两种主要的拉伸盆地(裂谷盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地)在世界的油气资源中占有非常重要的地位。概括了拉伸盆地的形成机理,并分析了裂谷盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地的基本地质特征和成藏特征。指出裂谷盆地能够形成大量油气藏的主要原因在于:裂谷阶段产生的封闭环境及高热流有利于烃源岩的发育和成熟,是成藏的物质基础;拉张作用形成的裂谷盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地很少遭受较大的后期改造作用,油气保存条件良好,也是这些地区富集油气的一个重要原因。低位域砂体是世界级储层和今后勘探的主要方向。     

西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果及勘探潜力分析

西非海岸盆地群包括塔尔法亚、塞内加尔、尼日尔三角洲、杜阿拉、里奥姆尼、加蓬、下刚果、宽扎、奥兰治、科特迪瓦、贝宁等11个主要沉积盆地，它们是冈瓦纳大陆裂解和中大西洋、南大西洋及赤道大西洋张开和漂移的结果，包括被动大陆边缘盆地和转换边缘盆地两种类型沉积盆地。通过利用IHS数据库资料，在系统总结西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果基础上，划分其为早期勘探（1953年前）、储量快速增长（1954～1973年）、储量缓慢增长（1974～1994年）和深水勘探（1995年至今）四个油气勘探阶段，认为研究区油气发现主要与盆地勘探程度、油气勘探技术进步、资源国政治形势和全球经济有关；尼日尔三角洲和下刚果等重点盆地大油气田的发现直接推动了西非海岸盆地群油气储量和产量的增长；深水区是西非海岸盆地群今后寻找大发现的潜力区，而大陆架和陆上则是重点挖潜地区。     

临清坳陷东部构造类型及成藏规律分析

临清坳陷东部为一中新生代大陆裂谷盆地,实测并系统分析了盆地内７种与油气聚集有关的基本构造类型及其叠加形式,探讨其成因机制和分布规律,最后结合生、储、盖层条件分析油气聚集的基本规律,指出了有利的勘探方向。     

中国海域及邻区主要含油气盆地与成藏地质条件

中国海域及邻区分布有近５０个沉积盆地,其中大部分发育在大陆边缘,而主要含油气盆地则分布在大陆架部位。盆地的起源,发生,发展受控于大地构造不同时期的构造运动,形成诸如裂谷型断陷盆地,走滑盆地以及非典型前陆盆地等多类型沉积盆地。从区域广度阐述了盆地沉积的有利相带对油气成藏的重要性,尤其是陆架盆地的成藏地质条件所形成的富集油气藏包括已发现的一大批大中型油气田,更具有的开发前景。     

东非海岸构造演化及其对南、北主要富油气盆地控藏作用对比

东非海岸主要含油气盆地属典型大陆裂谷层序和被动陆缘层序叠合的断坳型盆地,是在冈瓦纳大陆裂解及印度洋扩张的区域构造演化背景下形成的,均经历了卡鲁裂谷期、马达加斯加漂移期和被动大陆边缘期三期构造演化。但是,南、北盆地在构造及沉积演化特征及石油地质条件、油气分布上存在较大差异,北部盆地早期受特提斯洋海侵影响,沉积发育了侏罗系潟湖相盐岩、浅海相泥页岩,而南部盆地处于强烈火山作用区,二者油气富集规律存在差异,烃源岩、储盖组合由北向南年代逐渐变新,目前北部油气发现明显更为丰富。初步分析认为,构造环境不同使得烃源岩发育北富南贫,断裂及塑性岩体作用形成的通源断层和有利圈闭存在差异,导致了东非大陆边缘南、北部盆地油气成藏上的不同。     

书海拾零

珠江口盆地和东海陆架盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究王家林吴健生陈冰著同济大学出版社出版珠江口盆地和东海陆架盆地是我国近海两个大型的中新生界沉积盆地，是寻找大陆架油气资源的重要对象。而盆地基底结构的研究，对于评价盆地的油气远景和指导深层油气勘探具有前提...     

书海拾贝

南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究龚再升 ,李思田著　科学出版社出版本书选择了三个典型区的研究成果 ,即莺歌海盆地中央底辟带气田群的形成、珠江口盆地惠州凹陷至流花11 1大油田的长距离运移系统和珠三坳陷含油气系统进行了深入的分析和研究 ,运用高新技术揭示了油气聚集的规律 ,取得了多方面的新突破。可供广大石油地质工作者和大专院校石油地质专业的师生参考。一、国内外烃类成藏动力学研究概况二、南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究三、南海北部边缘盆地活动热流体和成藏动力学研究取得的进展第一篇　南海北部大陆边缘盆…     

赤道几内亚里奥穆尼盆地构造演化特征及油气勘探前景

应用盆地原形分析、区域地震资料解释和石油地质综合分析等方法,探讨了赤道几内亚里奥穆尼盆地构造演化和成藏条件。研究结果表明,该盆地构造演化经历了裂谷、过渡—漂移和裂后被动大陆边缘3个阶段,主要充填了中新生代沉积地层,中生界白垩系主要发育2套烃源岩,为裂谷期的湖相泥页岩和过渡—早期漂移期的海相泥页岩,已发现的油气主要储集在上白垩统浊积砂体。盐构造和重力滑动构造是油气成藏的主控因素,在区域上,油气主要分布在盆地的中带,该带勘探程度低,成藏条件优越,是油气聚集的有利场所,尤其盐构造与重力滑动构造区具有较大油气勘探潜力。     

赤道几内亚里奥穆尼盆地构造演化特征及油气勘探前景

应用盆地原形分析、区域地震资料解释和石油地质综合分析等方法,探讨了赤道几内亚里奥穆尼盆地构造演化和成藏条件。研究结果表明,该盆地构造演化经历了裂谷、过渡—漂移和裂后被动大陆边缘3个阶段,主要充填了中新生代沉积地层,中生界白垩系主要发育2套烃源岩,为裂谷期的湖相泥页岩和过渡—早期漂移期的海相泥页岩,已发现的油气主要储集在上白垩统浊积砂体。盐构造和重力滑动构造是油气成藏的主控因素,在区域上,油气主要分布在盆地的中带,该带勘探程度低,成藏条件优越,是油气聚集的有利场所,尤其盐构造与重力滑动构造区具有较大油气勘探潜力。     

东海新生代沉积盆地的类型和成盆期

东海新生代沉积厚度最大可达10km。分为三个发展时期。第一阶段从晚白垩世至中始新世,由于中国大陆向东濡散和掀斜断块作用,在大陆边缘由陆缘裂谷盆地转化为浅海沉积盆地。第二阶段从晚始新世至中中新世,由于喜马拉雅陆缘造山带的形成和中国大陆边缘的隆升联合作用结果,在大陆边缘由环绕大陆分布的带状地堑转化为前陆盆地。第三阶段从晚中新世至第四纪,由于太平洋板块向西俯冲,形成弧后断陷及弧前坳陷。从横向上看,不同性质和时代的沉积,由西向东,由老到新,依次排列。从盆地性质上看,由老到新,张性盆地和压性盆地交替形成,叠置在一起。因此不同时代和性质的盆地,具有不同的石油地质条件和油气成藏规律。     

黄海海域沉积盆地与油气

通过对黄海盆地几十年油气勘探的简要回顾，认为目前仍然存在着盆地基本情况不清，勘探工作历史不清，油气资源潜力不清3个不清楚现状，在对围限黄海周围3个国家油气勘探情况综合分析后，重点对盆地，盆地性质，盆地演化历史和盆地含油气性等基本问题，进行了分析和讨论，最后对下步油气勘探工作提出了建议。     

黄海海域地质构造特征及其油气资源潜力

综合前人的研究成果,利用2000年以来在黄海采集的综合地球物理资料,结合我国及邻国在该海域的钻井成果,分析和讨论了黄海地区从古生代至新生代的构造演化历史;对南、北黄海沉积盆地形成的构造背景和盆地的构造类型进行了研究,认为在古生代它们是台地相沉积,中生代和新生代是张裂盆地;通过对我们采集的地震剖面之分析和研究,认为盆地中的中生界和古近系发育了良好的烃源岩,新近系发育了良好的区域盖层,储层在盆地中普遍发育。因此,在南、北黄海沉积盆地中可以找到中、小型油气田。另外,对盆地中的古生界应加强研究,在保存较好并且中新生代沉积较薄的地方做探查工作,应该有一定的油气前景。     

Cenozoic giant coal-bearing basin belt discovered in China’s sea area

Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China. It has been found that China’s sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas, and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there. Through years of comprehensive geological research in China’s sea area, it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene, forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types, such as active continental margin, passive continental margin, transitional continental margin and drift rift basins. In the present study, it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China’s sea area, revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic. Next, based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate, paleobotany, paleogeography and paleostructure, it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China’s sea area, namely the Paleocene, Eocene, early Oligocene, late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene, and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south. It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic, namely delta, fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon. The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness, many layers and poor stability. However, the coal-bearing series source rocks in China’s sea area have a wide distribution range, very high thickness and large amount, thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.     

东海新生代构造格架特征与油气关系

东海海域存在着二个不同时期、不同类型、不同结构秒同成因机制的新生代盆地，即发育在陆壳之上的东海陆架陆缘裂谷盆地和发育在过渡地壳之上的冲绳海槽弧后盆地。前者是大陆向洋蠕散时两次裂离而形成的，后者是洋壳向陆壳俯冲导致陆壳裂离而产生的。     

南海及其周缘中新生代火山活动时空特征与南海的形成模式

根据南海海区、华南和中南半岛的地面露头、钻井、拖网及地球物理资料,分析了南海地区火山活动的时空分布特点。在南海陆缘和周边陆区中生代末期花岗岩分布非常广泛。新生代火山岩活动规模较小,主要是海底扩张之后在洋盆扩张脊、北部陆缘的陆洋边界附近、雷琼地区和中南半岛南部的玄武岩。在南海北部陆缘的深部地震调查中发现,在地壳下部存在小规模的高速异常体,结合浅部的晚第三纪一第四纪火山活动,认为该高速体形成于南海扩张之后。这些特征表明,在南海的拉张过程中岩浆供应不丰富,在陆缘未形成大规模的侵入和喷出岩。南海陆缘属于岩浆匮乏型被动大陆边缘。南海海区残留多个刚性断裂陆块,反映了裂谷拉张过程中脆性破裂。根据这些特征,南海形成难以用印藏碰撞引起的软流圈物质上涌导致岩石圈破裂这样的模式来解释。     

Geochemistry and provenance of a multiple-stage fan in the Upper Miocene to the Pliocene in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,offshore South China Sea

The Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins in the northwestern South China Sea preserve a large volume of Cenozoic sediments. However, their sources are still remain controversial and need a further research. This paper uses discriminant diagrams and bivariate plots of major, trace and rare earth elements, combined with heavy mineral data and detrital zircon U-Pb ages to determine the provenance, source area weathering and tectonic setting of the Upper Miocene to Pliocene sediments in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, offshore South China Sea. The sandstone samples used in this study are characterized by four features: (i) The studied sandstones are first-cycle deposits, no recycling processes are recorded in these sediments, and there is a low degree of weathering conditions in the source areas. (ii) The sandstones from the DF fan, LD fan and Central Canyon System may have a similar source, being derived from an old upper continental crust mainly composed of felsic igneous source rocks. (iii) Detrital zircon U-Pb ages suggest that Central Vietnam is likely to be the dominant source of the DF fan, LD fan and Central Canyon System. (iv) The tectonic setting of the sandstones in the DF fan, LD fan and Central Canyon System belongs to the continental island arc (CIA) or the active continental margin (ACM) fields.     

Structures of the northeasternmost South China Sea continental margin and ocean basin: geophysical constraints and tectonic implications

The northeastern part of the South China Sea is a special region in many aspects of its tectonics. Both recent drilling into the Mesozoic and new reflection seismic surveys in the area provide a huge amount of data, fostering new understanding of the continental margin basins and regional tectonic evolution. At least four half-grabens are developed within the Northern Depression of the Tainan Basin, and all are bounded on their southern edges by northwestward-dipping faults. One of the largest half-grabens is located immediately to the north of the Central Uplift and shows episodic uplift from the late Oligocene to late Miocene. Also during that period, the Central Uplift served in part as a material source to the Southern Depression of the Tainan Basin. The Southern Depression of the Tainan Basin is a trough structure with deep basement (up to 9 km below sealevel or 6 km beneath the sea bottom) and thick Cenozoic sedimentation (>6 km thick). Beneath the Southern Depression we identified a strong landward dipping reflector within the crustal layer that represents a significant crustal fault. This reflector coincides with a sharp boundary in crustal thicknesses and Moho depths. We show that the northeasternmost South China Sea basin, which may have undergone unique evolution since the late Mesozoic, is markedly different from the central South China Sea basin and the Huatung Basin, both geologically and geophysically. The Cenozoic evolution of the region was largely influenced by pre-existing weaknesses due to tectonic inheritance and transition. The South China Sea experienced multiple stages of Cenozoic extension.     

Continental Slopes of the West Africa Region: A Unique Treasure of Hydrocarbons

The West African region embraces a number of coastal sedimentary basins, which continued in deep-water areas of the Atlantic Ocean. It includes the following oil-and-gas-bearing basins: the Gulf of Guinea, the Kwanza–Cameroonian, and the Namibian. The sedimentary cover of the basins of this passive margin is represented by Mesozoic–Cenozoic deposits. The composition of sediments accumulated in them is quite specific and surprisingly units over the vast areas. The tectonic structure of the majority of the continental margins of West Africa makes possible to refer them to the margins of epiplatform orogenic belts. The existence of two systems of linear troughs—internal and external—on the passive margins at the early stages of continent–ocean transition zones relates deep-water hydrocarbon deposits to internal troughs filled by younger sediments: the alluvial fans of submarine rivers and landslide fronts with prograde formations (turbidites, debris flows, etc.). Late Cretaceous and Middle Paleogene clay formations played the role of source beds in the region, so-called “black clays.” An analysis of over 200 hydrocarbon fields, mainly petroleum, discovered in the past 10–15 years in the region revealed a clear tendency of these fields occurring in a productive zone of oil pools extending in a sea depth interval of 400–3000 m on the continental slope and possibly to 4000 m at the continental rise. Moreover, all discovered fields have been estimated in terms of reserves from large to giant. It is also noteworthy that within the shallow of this region, which includes the shelf and the coastal plain, only a number of small, insignificant oil and gas pays have been discovered. The main of oil and gas bearing potential prospects are related to deposits in the middle and lower parts of the continental slope and possibly adjacent areas of the continental rise. In the long term, the drilling objectives will be both postsalt and presalt deep-water oil-and-gas fields.