电离层延迟对单频GPS点的影响及改正方法研究

电离层延迟是单频GPS地面沉降监测点的最主要误差源,如何削弱该误差的影响是提高单双频混合地面沉降监测系统精度的关键。采用中国广州南沙单双频混合GPS地面沉降监测网数据进行处理分析,结果表明,在低纬度地区即使基线较短,电离层延迟对单频GPS监测精度影响仍然较大,影响程度随基线长度增加而增大,而且在时间域上有明显的季节性变化规律:2、3月份与8、9月份电离层影响较为显著。利用双频点数据从观测值域对单频点电离层延迟误差进行改正,监测精度提高了57%,改善效果明显。     

新的区域电离层模型及单频长基线精度分析

电离层延迟是影响GPS精密定位的主要因素,对单频接收机的影响尤为明显。介绍了一种新的基于区域双频观测网构建电离层模型的方法,并选取德国境内平均基线超过300 km(最长基线为461 km)的一个长距离观测网连续10 d的数据对模型进行了检测分析。实验证明,基于该电离层模型,网内单频接收机用户可获得接近双频观测数据的解算精度,即使对于200 km的长距离基线,单频数据的基线解算结果都能够达到平面方向6 mm,高程方向2.5 cm。区域电离层延迟模型构造方法可被有效应用于GPS、GLONASS和GALILEO等各类卫星导航定位系统,满足事后、实时或准实时单频接收机精密数据处理的需要。     

单频GPS接收机用于城市地质灾害监测的试验分析

讨论单频GPS接收机用于变形监测的可能性,对试验数据进行分析,结论认为:在基线长度不大于10 km时,单频机可以达到毫米级的形变量精度.     

单频相位平滑伪距差分技术监测动态目标分析

利用单频载波相位平滑伪距差分技术可对动态目标进行实时监控,不需要价格相对较贵的双频接收机即可满足工程需要.给出了单频GPS和载波相位平滑的伪距差分定位数学模型,采用C++语言开发了相应的程序模块.对某湖水上动态目标的监测试验,验证了程序模块的正确性,数据处理分析结果表明,相比伪距差分定位,采用载波相位平滑伪距差分技术监测动态目标应用效果较好,可获得分米级精度的水上动态目标监测.     

基于GAMIT的GPS短基线解类型分析及应用

对高精度双频GPS观测短基线数据处理模型进行理论分析与试验验证,结果表明两种模型均可获取高精度短基线解,适合处理不同型号混合双频GPS监测数据。其中,L1L2_INDENT适合处理双频GPS短基线,L1_ONLY适合处理单频GPS短基线。     

似单差法在三峡库区滑坡监测中的应用与分析

根据高精度GPS变形监测的特点，以监测网的首期观测成果为基础，建立了单历元解算监测点变形量的似单差模型，讨论了接收机天线相位中心偏差的改正方法。该模型避免了周跳的探测与修复，可适用于动态和静态两种监测模式、单频接收机。利用三峡库区的实测数据对模型的正确性进行了检验。     

组合码和相位观测值在线解双差模糊度的算法

如何在线精确地求解整周模糊度,是GPS高精度动态相对定位的关键问题.在线解算取决于很多因素:基线长度、数据处理方法、接收机的性能(如双频还是单频)以及抗AS和SA的能力等.现代双频GPS接收机能获得载波相位和L1、L2频道上的精密伪距观测值,组合这4个观测值可进行单历元整周模糊度解算.文中对组合码和相位观测值在线解整周模糊度的算法进行了试验和分析,得出了很有实用意义的结论.     

三峡库区滑坡体变形监测的似单差方法与结果分析

根据高精度GPS变形监测的特点，以监测网的首期观测成果为基础，建立了单历元解算监测点变形量的似单差模型，讨论了接收机天线相位中心偏差的改正方法。该模型避免了周跳的探测与修复，可适用于动态、静态两种监测模式及单频接收机。利用三峡库区的实测数据对模型的正确性进行了检验。     

组合码和相位观测值在线解双差模糊度的算法

如何在线精确地求解整周模糊度,是ＧＰＳ高精度动态相对定位的关键问题。在线解算取决于很多因素：基线长度、数据处理方法、接收机的性能（如双频还是单频）以及抗ＡＳ和ＳＡ的能力等。现代双频ＧＰＳ接收机能获得载波相位和Ｌ１、Ｌ２频道上的精度伪距观测值,组合这４个观测值可进行单历元整周模糊度解算。文中对组合码和相位观测值在线解整周度的算法进行了试验和分析,得出了很有实用意义的结合。     

网络系统

美国加州NavCom公司推出一种名为Safari网SR 71 0 0型系统。该系统可为用户建立专用的语音和数据网络,并可为基于定位信息的业务提供单频或双频接收机任选的GPS综合利用。该系统可用于车船调度管理、机械监控、车载系统安全状况监测、以及GPS/RTK改正。该系统工作在无需特许的ISM频带内。Safari网络可使单点配置与管理适用于整个网络。SR 71 0 0型系统支持各种单频GPS接收机,要想进一步提高精度,可采用NavCom公司生产的NCT 2 0 0 0D型双频接收机。据厂家报道,这种接收机可提供1cm的精度。该设备的尺寸为5 0×6 0 2×9 64英寸,…     

单频GPS接收机用于变形监测的精度研究

研究了单频GPS接收机用于变形监测的可行性,提出了单频GPS接收机在一定范围内能否达到亚厘米级的变形监测精度,实现了设计的试验方案.     

北斗/GPS抗差移动窗口定权位移探测

蠕变状态下Kalman定位精度通常与观测值方差有极大关系,BDS(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System)/GPS组合观测值方差易受观测值权比精确度的影响。为了提高位移探测精度、缩短初始坐标收敛时间及降低监测成本,本文采用时钟同步双天线BDS/GPS接收机,在构建单频单差组合定位模型基础上,分别对GPS和BDS观测值等价权进行抗差处理,利用引入时间相关遗忘因子的Helmert方差估计,精确确定GPS与BDS观测值权比,最后通过实时更新观测值方差,实现扩展Kalman滤波的逐历元定位。试验结果表明,针对短基线(1km),BDS/GPS抗差精密定权Kalman方法可显著缩短初始坐标收敛时间,位移探测精度可达到亚毫米级,位移收敛速率与移动窗口参数基本成反比关系,适用于具有蠕变特征形变体的监测。     

Real-time single-frequency precise point positioning: accuracy assessment

The performance of real-time single-frequency precise point positioning is demonstrated in terms of position accuracy. This precise point positioning technique relies on predicted satellite orbits, predicted global ionospheric maps, and in particular on real-time satellite clock estimates. Results are presented using solely measurements from a user receiver on the L1-frequency (C1 and L1), for almost 3?months of data. The empirical standard deviations of the position errors in North and East directions are about 0.15?m, and in Up direction about 0.30?m. The 95% errors are about 0.30?m in the horizontal directions, and 0.65?m in the vertical. In addition, single-frequency results of six receivers located around the world are presented. This research reveals the current ultimate real-time single-frequency positioning performance. To put these results into perspective, a case study is performed, using a moderately priced receiver with a simple patch antenna.     

基于小波分析提取单频GNSS伪距多路径误差及其对定位的影响

伪距多路径误差是影响GNSS导航定位精度的主要误差源之一。多路径误差与接收机周围环境有关,在实际应用中难以建立有效的多路径误差模型进行改正。对于多频GNSS接收机可以通过多频观测值组合估计伪距多路径,但该方法不适用于价格低廉的单频接收机,而导航中使用的大多数为单频接收机。因此,开展单频GNSS伪距多路径误差提取研究具有重要的工程应用价值。本文基于小波分析对单频GNSS接收机伪距多路径误差估计开展研究,首先验证了小波分析用于单频GNSS伪距多路径误差估计的可行性;其次,研究了采用不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差估计的影响;最后,研究了改正多路径误差对GNSS定位的影响。实验结果表明不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差提取效果没有明显的差别,但小波分解层次较低时定位误差分布相对更加集中,同时,经过多路径误差改正后在NEU3个方向RMS平均改善率达到20.4%、25.1%、16.4%。     

Joint estimation of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) using low-cost receivers

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) parameters estimated using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data are of great interest for ionosphere sensing. Satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) account for one source of error which, if left uncorrected, can deteriorate performance of positioning, timing and other applications. The customary approach to estimate VTEC along with SDCBs from dual-frequency GNSS data, hereinafter referred to as DF approach, consists of two sequential steps. The first step seeks to retrieve ionospheric observables through the carrier-to-code leveling technique. This observable, related to the slant total electron content (STEC) along the satellite–receiver line-of-sight, is biased also by the SDCBs and the receiver differential code biases (RDCBs). By means of thin-layer ionospheric model, in the second step one is able to isolate the VTEC, the SDCBs and the RDCBs from the ionospheric observables. In this work, we present a single-frequency (SF) approach, enabling the joint estimation of VTEC and SDCBs using low-cost receivers; this approach is also based on two steps and it differs from the DF approach only in the first step, where we turn to the precise point positioning technique to retrieve from the single-frequency GNSS data the ionospheric observables, interpreted as the combination of the STEC, the SDCBs and the biased receiver clocks at the pivot epoch. Our numerical analyses clarify how SF approach performs when being applied to GPS L1 data collected by a single receiver under both calm and disturbed ionospheric conditions. The daily time series of zenith VTEC estimates has an accuracy ranging from a few tenths of a TEC unit (TECU) to approximately 2 TECU. For 73–96% of GPS satellites in view, the daily estimates of SDCBs do not deviate, in absolute value, more than 1 ns from their ground truth values published by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe.     

Understanding the role of the ionospheric delay in single-point single-epoch GPS coordinates

The ionospheric delay is the main source of error for single-point single-epoch (SPSE) GPS positioning when using single-frequency receivers. In contrast to the common slant approach, in this article we focus on its effect in final coordinates through the study of bias propagation in SPSE positioning: we first show an analytical resolution for the propagation problem with highly symmetric satellite configurations. To overcome some of the disadvantages of this first method, we use Santerre’s technique and, finally, present a new numerical methodology that allows us to generalize for a real geometry and obtain an average ionospheric positioning error over a given site. From the results obtained, four working hypotheses that relate the ionospheric shape above the receiver with final position errors are presented and tested. These four hypotheses, which agree with average ionospheric positioning error in 95% of the studied cases, can be related to the construction of the design matrix. Finally, these hypotheses have been used to address a situation where the ionospheric delay is corrected with an ionospheric model.     

Absolute Positioning with Single-Frequency GPS Receivers

The use of precise post-processed satellite orbits and satellite clock corrections in absolute positioning, using one GPS receiver only, has proven to be an accurate alternative to the more commonly used differential techniques for many applications in georeferencing. The absolute approach is capable of centimeter accuracy when using state-of-the-art, dual-frequency GPS receivers. When using observations from single-frequency receivers, however, the accuracy, especially in height, decreases. The obvious reason for this degradation in accuracy is the effect of unmodeled ionospheric delay. This paper discusses the availability of some empirical ionospheric models that are publicly available and quantifies their usefulness for absolute positioning using single-frequency GPS receivers. The Global Ionospheric Model supplied by International GPS Service (IGS) is the most accurate one and is recommended for absolute positioning using single-frequency GPS receivers. Using high-quality single-frequency observations, a horizontal epoch-to-epoch accuracy of better than 1 m and a vertical accuracy of approximately 1 m is demonstrated. ? 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Preliminary availability assessment to support single-frequency SBAS development in the Korean region

Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) enhance the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to support all phases of flight by providing required accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability. The Korean SBAS program was recently initiated to develop a single-frequency SBAS aiming to provide Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance (APV)-I Safety-of-Life (SoL) service to aviation users by 2022 within the Korean region. We assess the preliminary availability of the single-frequency SBAS which will be deployed in the Korean peninsula. The resulting system performance shall be used as a baseline to design system components and specifications. The fundamental components of SBAS architecture, SBAS monitor network, geostationary earth orbiting satellite parameters, and ionospheric grid point mask, are defined and their effects on system performance are investigated. Ionospheric correction and integrity algorithm parameters including an ionospheric irregularity threat model are determined using data collected from the Korean GNSS network. The coverage of 99.9 % availability for APV-I service increases from approximately 70 % for the baseline case to 100 % when SBAS monitor stations are expanded to overseas. Even with the expanded monitor network, however, 90 % and less than 95 % availability for LPV-200 service can be achieved only in a very limited region.     

基于GPS单频接收机的精密单点定位研究

介绍了利用单频GPS接收机进行精密单点定位的数学模型及解算方案,并采用选权拟合法得到比较准确的状态参数初值及其方差-协方差,加快了卡尔曼滤波的收敛。算例结果表明,利用精密卫星星历及卫星钟改正数并采用单频观测值,半个小时后的定位精度可达1~2分米的水平。     

基于加权的伪距和历元间相位差分模型GPS单点定位方法

在星载GPS精密定轨或单点定位中,尤其单频接收机的情况下,仅利用相位观测值,由于需要解算模糊度方程通常奇异,仅利用伪距观测资料,由于伪距观测值的噪声影响使得难以实现高精度定位要求。鉴于此,本文讨论了基于加权的伪距和历元间相位差分模型的GPS单点定位方法,该方法既能改善方程奇异性,又无需考虑模糊度因素,能确保观测值的精度。本文分别探讨了伪距观测方程和历元间差分相位观测方程,并给出了联合误差模型,推导了权值的计算公式和参数解算公式,最后基于动态单点定位考虑,探讨了基于加权的伪距和历元间相位差分模型的序贯最小二乘参数解算一般表达式。