公路施工测量中任意设站放样方法的研究

公路施工测量中的主要工作包括中线测设、边桩测设和竖曲线测设等。中线测设的传统的方法有偏角法、切线支距法等,但这些方法操作复杂、测量精度较低,不适合现代高等级公路的施工要求。本文就施工测量实际工作中的常用放样方法进行了综合总结,绘制了相对应的CAD图形,并提出了任意设站法放样新方法,给出了中桩和边桩坐标计算的通用数学模型,以极坐标法和角度交会法为例给出了放样精度分析的方法。     

一个利用PC—1500A袖珍计算机解决公路测量中的若干问题的实用程序

本文介绍利用ＰＣ－１５００Ａ袖珍计算机解决公路测量中的曲线元素计算，中线坐示计算及存贮，曲线放样过程中的数据检索及放样元素自动计算等若干问题的实用程序。     

全站仪三角高程测量在道路施工测量中的应用

全站仪三角高程测量可以不受地形限制,在山区、高架桥、深基础施工高程放样中全站仪三角高程测量具有水准测量无法比拟的优越性。可以用于路、桥、涵、墩、台、深基础的施工高程测量,提高了精度、效率。对各种施工条件下的三角高程测量方法:高程放样测量、后方交会三角高程测量、悬高测量等进行了介绍和探讨,实践表明,全站仪三角高程测量完全可以取代三、四等水准测量,并有取代二等水准仪的趋势。     

公路施工测量中线细部点坐标计算程序设计

本文把整段公路分解成直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线3种基本线型,再根据后两种曲线组合成各种平曲线的计算模块,这样整段公路又可以分为曲线和直线两类,最后根据一定的程序结构把曲线和直线计算模块组合成整段公路的计算程序。通过建立数学模型,进行程序设计,简化了各桩点的坐标计算。使道路中线放样工作变得方便、快捷、准确。     

公路测量中导线点检测方法的确定及精度分析

根据公路建设施工中的测量工作,针对测量人员对已知导线点的检测方法、计算方法进行总结,对检测导线点的精度情况进行分析,进一步的阐述和说明如何利用已知资料进行检测,保证测量控制点的精度满足施工放样的需要,提高公路建设的速度和质量。     

公路施工技术(第二版)

<正>著者:俞高明,16开本,241页,平装,定价:28元,出版单位:人民交通出版社,版次:第2版第10次,出版时间:2014年2月21号,标准书号:ISBN 978-7-114-07853-8。内容提要:本书为普通高等教育"十一五"国家级规划教材,亦为全国交通土建高职高专规划教材。全书分为3篇,第1篇为施工放样,较系统地介绍了施工放样的基本方法、路线中线的施工放样、路基路面横断面的施工放样和沿线取土坑、弃土堆占地面积及土方量测算等内容;第2篇为路基施工,介绍了路基的概念、施工准备、路堤填筑、湿软地基处理、路堑开     

矿区公路平面坐标计算方法

根据公路测量中几种基本的平面线型——直线、园曲线、缓和曲线和卯型曲线的特点,直接给出各线型的中桩坐标和切线方位角的计算公式,根据中桩坐标的计算结果及边线桩至道路中线的水平距离,计算边线桩的坐标。这4种线型的计算公式非常适宜于极坐标法放样矿区公路的中桩和边桩计算。对于较长矿区公路的测量,可以把它分解成多个直线、园曲线和缓和曲线等图元对象,再运用其相应公式进行计算。     

宁波市鄞州区举办首届测绘技能大赛

9月4日,宁波市国土资源局鄞州分局在象山县松兰山举行第一届测绘技能大赛。由土地勘测规划所选派的四支代表队共49名队员参加了这次比赛。项目设置为沙地放样、水准测量及知识问答等科目,参赛队员在规定时间内利用全站仪、水准仪等设备完成测区内的整平对中定向、放样及水准测量,最后在裁判根据参赛者完成操作时间和测量数据准确性等综合情况评出成绩和评委进行专业点评的基础上,评出了名次,达到了赛出团结、赛出风格和赛出水平的目的。     

专家介绍

史华林同志，1991年7月毕业于南方冶金学院工程测量专业，高级工程师、测绘分院总工程师。参加工作以来，负责组织实施了各种类型的测绘工程项目，其中有公路带状地形测量及控制测量、公路中线放线测量、地下管线测量、水下地形测量、GPS控制测量、二等水准测量、滑坡变形测量、建构筑物沉降观测、数字化地形测量、输电线路断面测量、城镇规划地形测量、建设拟用土地勘测定界测量等项目。曾负责云南临沧机场工程测量项目中的GPS测量方面工作，该项目获云南省2001年度优秀工程勘察二等奖；负责的兰坪县城规划数字化地形测量项目，获2004年有色系统第九届优秀工程勘察三等奖。     

远海工程的施工测量放样

随着GPS定位技术的发展,目前国内一些远海特大型工程,主要是特大型桥梁的建设正迅速展开。远海工程的测量定位都得依靠GPS定位技术。由于海上施工放样的特殊性,在针对远洋工程施工的特点和技术要求的基础上,进行了施工放样方案选择和精度分析。通过在杭州湾跨海大桥的实践,摸索出在GPS静态测量的基础上用全站仪等常规测量仪器进行施工放样的方法,它能保证测量放样工作的速度和测量放样的精度。     

煤田三维地震勘探测量的技术方法探讨

以实例介绍了三维地震勘探测量中各项作业限差的关系、复测校差的关系以及测点坐标系转换关系.依照规范及限差控制标准,讨论了控制点布设、导线布设的精度计算以及作业方法.通过对极坐标法误差的计算论证了放样点误差主要是由测角误差引起.     

航空地球物理勘探资料微调平处理

航空物探测量中测线间水平往往存在差异,表现为沿测线方向的条带。调平处理旨在减少或消除测线间的水平差,是航空物探资料处理中的关键,对航空物探资料处理和解释具有重要作用。笔者以实际的航磁资料处理为例,详细介绍了航空物探资料微调平处理的原理与实现。微调平处理中首先通过方向滤波从原始资料中提取噪声网格,并按飞行测线提取噪声网格中的数据并分离有用的地质信息,最终将分离后的测线水平误差从原始资料中去除得到调平后资料,以此实现航空物探资料的微调平处理。同时,针对资料处理中遇到的诸如滤波器选取、异常分离阈值确定、最终调平效果检验等实际问题进行讨论,这对理解微调平并应用于实际资料处理均具有意义。     

Monitoring vertical deformation due to water pumping in the city of Paris (France) with differential interferometry

The Saint-Lazare area in Paris (France) has undergone important water pumping for the construction of the underground Haussmann–Saint-Lazare station for the EOLE subway line. This paper presents the monitoring of the small surface displacements related to this pumping activity, by classical SAR interferometry. Piezometric measurements provided on 87 piezometers by SNCF and IGC as well as precise levelling data acquired on 626 points by SNCF are also examined. Their comparison with interferometric results shows their good agreement and complementarity, as well as the potential ‘operationality’ of SAR interferometric approach in such a study. To cite this article: B. Fruneau et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

工程GPS控制网测量有关问题的探讨

在工程GPS控制网测量中，所应用的两种随机软件与PowerADJ3．0软件作了比较，及在基线向量解算，构网评差及高程拟合作出简要论述，并提出在工程GPS控制网测量中几点值得考虑和探讨的问题。     

Studies of compaction and subsidence in the Orinoco Oil Belt

To control vertical movements in the Orinoco Oil Belt, a high-precision levelling network was installed in an area of about 100 km². Links to the National Geodetic Network were established.

A total of 190 BMs with deep pile foundations is already installed and the first measurement campaign was concluded. The accuracies obtained are those of first-order levelling works.     

近距离下穿在建地铁隧道施工爆破变形及控制方法研究

近距离爆破下穿尚未完成二衬的区间隧道是一种较为特殊的工况,涉及初支破坏、既有隧道下沉等诸多问题。以青岛地铁2号线近距离（250 mm）下穿刚完成初支的3号线隧道工程设计及施工为实例,通过在施工时采用自进式管棚、拱顶部位掏空、辅助中孔掏槽、对既有隧道施加张拉力、限载限行等多项措施,并根据类比给出合理的爆破振速控制指标,控制爆破振速及隧道变形。运用有限元分析软件MIDAS-GTS进行三维模型数值分析,揭示在建隧道爆破施工对既有隧道变形及内力变化规律。经过理论计算与实测分析,采取的各项措施能够达到预期的效果,3号线初支结构未见异常,其研究成果对特殊条件下的爆破下穿设计与施工具有参考价值。     

齐平3井钻井施工技术

齐平3井是部署在松辽盆地中央坳陷区齐家凹陷的一口水平探井,完钻斜深3574.03 m,垂深2201.1 m,水平段长1195.35 m。在施工前对井身结构和井眼轨迹剖面进行了优化设计,施工中应用井眼轨迹控制技术、地质导向技术,并配以钻井安全施工工艺,保证了该井的顺利完钻,实现了设计要求的各项技术指标,取得了良好的施工效果。     

Geodetic high-precision measurements in active tectonic areas; example: The Rhinegraben

Geodetic measurements in the Rhinegraben area are discussed. Repeated levellings, together with horizontal control data, torsion-balance measurements, very dense gravity coverage, tiltmeter observations and a high-precision gravity test net were available in order to test present concepts of the Rhinegraben structure and sources of recent crustal movements. The ambiguities of levelling data are stressed, but investigations of high-precision levelling data clearly indicate subsidence of several centimetres in the graben area, whereas multivariate studies of the data available on the graben shoulders do not indicate any significant movement on the shoulders themselves.     

Study on Jinan urban construction planning based on the protection of karst landscape

Study on urban construction planning based on karst landscape protection contributes to sustainable development of urban construction in karst area. Jinan is a city famous for karst spring water. Karst landscape plays a decisive role in urban construction. Through hydrogeological analysis, the distribution characteristics of karst mountain, cave, gully and flat dam in Jinan are analyzed. It is revealed that various karst landforms are involved in the spring circulation process to varying degrees. Some karst landforms have been destroyed in the process of urban construction and the karst landscape has been overexploited resulting in the direct or indirect weakening of spring water recharge and infiltration capacity and the decrease of spring water flow. Through the study of the principle of organic combination of karst landscape and urban construction planning, on the basis of protecting the ecological environment of the south, paying attention to the overall protection of the karst geomorphology system and the principle of accessibility of the karst landscape, the development countermeasures guided by urban planning are put forward based on karst landforms protection. On the basis of fully considering the special karst landform conditions in Jinan, the countermeasures are that the ecological control red line of urban construction planning should be set up based on karst mountains and valleys in southern of Jinan City. It is suggested that the bare carbonate rock continuous mountain foot line in the direct recharge area should be taken as the south control red line of urban development and included in the overall planning. The urban landscape is mainly displayed in the main axis based on karst mountains and springs, constructing East-West Axis-characteristic Landscape Belt along the Wufeng Mountain-Langmao Mountain-Hero Mountain-Qianfo Mountain-Long cave-Panlong cave-Jinping Mountain line and North-South Axis Landscape Belt along the Baotu Spring- Qianfo Mountain line, Baiquan-Panlong cave line, Baimai spring-Dajian Mountain line. Based on the karst river valleys and the river system, the urban spatial pattern is constructed, forming ecological corridor, restoring infiltration function of river. The form of urban construction should be shaped based on karst landform and the river system. The main form is semi-star like radiation type and the combination of central intensive type and zonal type. Based on the whole protection of karst geomorphology system and the scientific molding of karst landscape, the ecological landscape city with the symbiosis of spring and urban can be built.