子波在水声信道多分辨率均衡方法中的应用

本文在确定了水声信道的数学描述后，提出了在信道自适应过程中，可以应用子波对信号进行多分辨率分解，逐尺度地对信道进行均衡，这样，不但减少了运算数据量，也减少了均衡所需的权系数个数，计算机仿真结果令人满意。     

一种针对小多普勒扩展水声信道的OFDM接收算法

在水声正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统中,水声信道中的多径时延扩展会带来频域选择性衰落,多普勒效应会带来子载波间干扰(ICI)。传统接收算法需要开展复杂的二维(时延/多普勒)信道估计, 再进行复杂的信道均衡和符号检测。针对有限多普勒扩展的信道条件下多普勒矩阵元素变化缓慢、ICI 干扰范围有限的特点,借鉴多项式拟合思想,提出了一种创新的接收算法。该算法将多普勒矩阵元素近似为多项式函数,迭代进行多项式拟合和数据符号频域均衡。和传统方法相比,该算法无需进行信道多普勒估计,仅需信道的一维(时延)估计即可实现较好的性能。利用 Bellhop 产生的水声信道仿真结果验证了该算法的可行性。     

水声时变信道下OFDM系统运动多普勒补偿

通信节点之间相对移动产生的多普勒频率变化将会造成正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统子载波干扰,影响 OFDM 通信系统性能。针对由收发端相对运动引起的子信道干扰,提出了 PEMD-WFFT(Pilot Empirical Mode Decomposition -Wavelet FFT)自适应均衡算法,该算法使用相干检测方法分离信号中心频率处的频偏分量,并使用 EMD 技术分解相干检测处理后的信号频率分量, 进而估计出多普勒引起的信号频偏,随后用 WFFT 多普勒抑制算法补偿残余多普勒。采用差分相干检测技术联合自适应随机梯度算法获得信号重构过程中的抽头系数,该方法具有良好的导频性能和信道追踪能力。与 WFFT 算法相比较,可以补偿更大的移速带来的多普勒频偏。最后进行了算法仿真,并做了水池实验初步检验了算法的可行性。     

OFDM水声通信系统的同步技术研究

OFDM传输技术能够克服水声信道中的多径传播并获得高的频谱效率,不需要复杂的自适应均衡器,但其对同步误差非常敏感.在分析OFDM同步误差原理的基础上,设计实现了一个宽带OFDM水声通信接收机,并着重讨论了接收机中基于训练数据的定时和频率同步方法,以及多普勒频偏的估计和补偿算法.水下实验证明了方案的有效性.     

OTFS水声通信技术研究现状与展望

正交时频空调制是近年来提出的一种用于高速移动无线通信场景的调制技术,通过将时变多径信道转换到时延–多普勒域,使得所有符号都经历几乎相同且变化缓慢的稀疏信道。与正交频分复用系统相比, 正交时频空技术具有较低的峰均功率比,且能够有效抵抗多普勒效应,在高时延、高多普勒的信道条件下具备性能优势。简要介绍了正交时频空技术的基本原理,以及目前无线电及水声通信领域正交时频空技术研究与应用现状,梳理了正交时频空技术在工程应用中亟待解决的关键问题,如波形设计、信道估计和均衡以及接收机结构设计等。最后对正交时频空技术在水声通信系统中面临的挑战和应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

一种适用于水声通信的Doppler估计算法

在水下声通信中,收发双方相对运动产生的Doppler效应会导致信号的伸缩,引起信噪比的降级,需要采用Doppler补偿措施。在补偿前需要得到Doppler估计。文中提出了一种利用DFT进行Doppler估计的有效算法,该算法通过估计频率偏移来计算Doppler率。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

时变环境下的自适应时间延迟估计

本文专门研究时变环境下的自适应时间延迟估计问题，首先明确时变环境的含义，再分析时变环境所提出的新问题，然后介绍几种适用于时变环境的自适应时延估计方法，最后给出计算机模拟的结果。     

时变水声信道中基于BEM的迭代信道估计技术

水声信道的多径时延扩展和时变特性对信道估计和均衡技术的研究带来了很大的挑战,同时也决定了水声信道是一种时频双扩展信道,提出一种水声OFDM通信系统中基于软信息的迭代信道估计技术,利用基于复指数基扩展模型(CE-BEM)进行信道估计。OFDM系统本身可以消除由于多径引起的符号间干扰(ISI)。基于导频的BEM信道估计,可以实现对时变信道的估计,结合基于软信息迭代的迭代均衡模块,将每次迭代生成的符号软判决信息作为辅助导频用于信道估计。同时,为了防止由于信道时变引起的信道子载波间干扰(ICI)对导频符号的影响,采用基于保护间隔的导频插入法插入导频。仿真结果显示基于BEM的软信息迭代信道估计性能较非迭代信道估计时明显提升。     

一种适于浅水定位的超短基线装置与定位方法

针对浅水水域水声信号多途效应导致信道衰落,真实时延信号获取难度大的问题,研制了一种适用于浅水定位的超短基线装置,并提出一种附有约束条件的互相关时延估计方法。采用脉冲挑选和时延差相位修正方法对目标轨迹进行精确跟踪定位,某湖试实验结果表明,该方法的定位轨迹光滑稳定,野点少, 定位精度高。     

基于训练序列的水声信道多普勒频移估计

由于水声通信媒介(声波)速度远远小于陆地通信媒介(无线电波)速度,水声通信多普勒频移比陆地无线通信多普勒频移要大几个数量级,因此多普勒频移估计是水声通信的一个重要问题。文中提出了一种水声通信系统中基于训练序列的多普勒频移估计方法。在接收端先由已知训练符号构造无噪声干扰下的理论接收信号;再根据理论接收信号与实际接收信号之间的误差平方和最小,得到含有信道衰减因子A和多普勒因子Δ的双变量目标函数,根据此目标函数的曲面图以及对其的分析,发现A的不同取值基本不影响Δ的寻优,从而可将双变量目标函数变成单变量目标函数;然后利用全局优化理论中求解有限区间内多峰值函数最值的区间斜率算法,求解多普勒因子的最小二乘估计值,从而得到多普勒频移的估计值。文中还分析了区间斜率算法的收敛性,且仿真结果显示所提算法优于现有算法。     

主动声呐舰速补偿的研究

主动声呐系统中,平台运动会导致目标回波信号存在多普勒频偏,目标的径向速度会估计错误.文中推导了本舰运动产生多普勒频偏的原因和两者之间的关系,并结合主动声呐的工作特点,提出在接收机和发射机同时进行舰速补偿的方案,可以实时响应舰船运动状态变化,准确补偿本舰运动引起的多普勒频偏.提出在发射机信号源中采用插值法,通过改变发射信...     

A computationally efficient Doppler compensation system forunderwater acoustic communications

A Doppler compensation system is presented which is suitable for high-data-rate acoustic communication between rapidly moving platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles. The proposed approach provides a generic preprocessor to conventional adaptive receiver structures with only a marginal increase in computational load and hardware cost. The preprocessor employs a novel Doppler estimation technique and efficient sample rate conversion to remove Doppler shift induced by platform velocity and acceleration. Performance predicted by simulation is compared to that of sea trials of a prototype communication system in the North Sea. Successful communication is demonstrated at 16 kbit/s with a transmitting platform moving at up to ±2.6 m/s     

Multicarrier Communication Over Underwater Acoustic Channels With Nonuniform Doppler Shifts

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels are wideband in nature due to the small ratio of the carrier frequency to the signal bandwidth, which introduces frequency-dependent Doppler shifts. In this paper, we treat the channel as having a common Doppler scaling factor on all propagation paths, and propose a two-step approach to mitigating the Doppler effect: 1) nonuniform Doppler compensation via resampling that converts a “wideband” problem into a “narrowband” problem and 2) high-resolution uniform compensation of the residual Doppler. We focus on zero-padded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to minimize the transmission power. Null subcarriers are used to facilitate Doppler compensation, and pilot subcarriers are used for channel estimation. The receiver is based on block-by-block processing, and does not rely on channel dependence across OFDM blocks; thus, it is suitable for fast-varying UWA channels. The data from two shallow-water experiments near Woods Hole, MA, are used to demonstrate the receiver performance. Excellent performance results are obtained even when the transmitter and the receiver are moving at a relative speed of up to 10 kn, at which the Doppler shifts are greater than the OFDM subcarrier spacing. These results suggest that OFDM is a viable option for high-rate communications over wideband UWA channels with nonuniform Doppler shifts.      

An Iterative Equalization and Decoding Approach for Underwater Acoustic Communication

In this paper, we present an iterative approach for recovering information sent over a shallow underwater acoustic (UWA) communication channel. The procedure has three main tasks: estimation of channel model parameters (CMPs), channel equalization, and decoding. These tasks are performed cyclicly until the algorithm converges. Information bits are convolutionally encoded, punctured and permuted, mapped into quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) symbols, linearly modulated, and transmitted through a downward-refracting ocean waveguide. Training symbols are prepended to the transmitted sequence for initial estimation of CMPs. Our algorithm processes data from a single receive sensor. Data are received on a vertical array and the performance of the algorithm for each sensor in the array is examined. There is negligible Doppler spread in the received data. However, difference between transmitter and receiver clocks as well as slight motion of the receive array produce a nonnegligible compression of the received signals. Consequently, there is observable Doppler “shift.” Nonuniform resampling of the data produces time series we model as the output of a linear time-invariant system. Resampling and CMP estimation are done iteratively, in conjunction with equalization and decoding. The algorithm successfully processes the data to yield few or no information bit errors.      

应用自适应相位补偿法减弱机载激光探测时湍流的干扰

从理论上推导了自适应相位补偿法的基本原理，详细分析了探测光波在经过湍流前后的相位畸变关系。得出了为能补偿掉湍流影响所要求辐射孔径上需要的场强。     

卫星导航空时自适应波束形成抗干扰技术研究

针对卫星导航信号易被干扰的问题,研究了基于空时自适应波束形成的抗干扰方法。讨论了空时自适应波束形成的基本原理,从空域和时域两个角度分别分析了空时处理对卫星信号影响及补偿方法,对空时自适应波束形成抗干扰处理进行了性能仿真,结果表明可获得干信比为85d B的抗干扰能力,验证了方法的有效性。     

CSI feedback-based CS for underwater acoustic adaptive modulation OFDM system with channel prediction

In this paper, we investigate the performance of adaptive modulation （AM） orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system in underwater acoustic （UWA） communications. The aim is to solve the problem of large feedback overhead for channel state information （CSI） in every subcarrier. A novel CSI feedback scheme is proposed based on the theory of compressed sensing （CS）. We propose a feedback from the receiver that only feedback the sparse channel parameters. Additionally, prediction of the channel state is proposed every several symbols to realize the AM in practice. We describe a linear channel prediction algorithm which is used in adaptive transmission. This system has been tested in the real underwater acoustic channel. The linear channel prediction makes the AM transmission techniques more feasible for acoustic channel communications. The simulation and experiment show that significant improvements can be obtained both in bit error rate （BER） and throughput in the AM scheme compared with the fixed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （QPSK） modulation scheme. Moreover, the performance with standard CS outperforms the Discrete Cosine Transform （DCT） method.     

声遥感系统Doppler频偏信号的检测

本文提出的跟踪滤波锁相方法是从大气回波信号中有效地检测Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ频偏信号的新方法，在信号持续时间受限或数据记录长度受限的条件下，能获得满意的频率分辨力和空间分辨力。     

多模式自适应水下无线通信网络框架研究

对当前典型的水下无线通信网进行分析,针对水声、光、射频3种通信模式在水下无线通信中的优缺点,提出基于软件无线电技术的多模式自适应水下无线通信网络的概念及其框架结构,并对其中的自适应调制解调方式展开研究.结合MAC层协议,提出一种跨层的自适应调制解调解决方案,即通过收发双方的握手信息携带当前信道状态,由发射方根据握手信息,判断双方通信距离,预计信道未来状态,结合需要传输的数据量,自适应选择合适的通信模式和调制方式,并利用握手信号通知接收方,从而实现在通信网络范围内数据或指令的快速可靠传输.