3种药物对金钱鱼幼鱼的急性毒性

【目的】研究甲醛溶液、敌百虫和二氧化氯对金钱鱼幼鱼的安全浓度。【方法】在水温24.2～27.6℃、p H7.6～7.9、盐度8.8～10.3的条件下,进行甲醛溶液、敌百虫和二氧化氯对金钱鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验。【结果】甲醛溶液对金钱鱼幼鱼的24 h、48 h半致死浓度(24 h TL50、48 h TL50)和安全浓度分别为213.26、183.23、40.58mg/L;敌百虫对金钱鱼幼鱼的24 hTL50、48 hTL50和安全浓度分别为1.46、1.15、0.22 mg/L;二氧化氯对金钱鱼幼鱼的24 hTL50、48 hTL50和安全浓度分别为18.30、18.05、5.27 mg/L。金钱鱼幼鱼对甲醛溶液、敌百虫和二氧化氯的敏感性由大到小依次为敌百虫、二氧化氯、甲醛溶液。     

孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾（M．rosenbergii）各期蚤状幼体的急性毒性研究

用孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾各期蚤状幼体及仔虾进行急性毒性试验。结果表明，孔雀绿的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为０．１４１～０．２５７×１０－６、仔虾为０．２７１×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体０．０７７～０．１５２×１０－６、仔虾为０．１７４×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为０．００７～０．０１６×１０－６、仔虾为０．０２１×１０－６．福尔马林的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为２３，５～５１．９×１０－６、仔虾为４２．６×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为１４．３～３３．６×１０－６、仔虾为２８．７×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为１．２～４．２×１０－６、仔虾为３．９×１０－６。     

冲绳日本绒螯蟹线粒体DNA 12S rRNA序列的研究

采集日本冲绳源河川和边野古川的日本绒螯蟹样品 ,参考果蝇与蚤状氵蚤线粒体 DNA12 Sr RNA基因片段序列进行了其相同片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定。结果表明冲绳两河川 4只日本绒螯蟹的碱基序列完全相同 ,为 4 58bp,其 A、T、G、C含量分别为 16 0 bp(34.94 % )、 179bp(39.0 8% )、4 9bp(10 .70 % )、70 bp(15.2 8% ) ,同果蝇与蚤状氵蚤相同基因片段的序列含量相似。     

两种消毒剂对罗氏沼虾幼体的急性毒性试验

以半静水式试验法试验了碘伏制剂和TCCA（三氯异氰脲酸）两种消毒剂对罗氏沼虾各期幼体及仔虾的急性毒性。结果表明,不同发育期的蚤状幼体对消毒剂的耐受力不同。两种消毒剂对蚤状幼体的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为：碘伏制剂304×10-6～472×10-6、209×10-6～325×10-6、29．8×10-6～48．3×10-6,TCCA0．80×10-6～1．03×10-6、0．58×10-6～0．74×10-6、0．087×10-6～0．116×10-6;两种消毒剂对仔虾的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为：碘伏制剂499×10-6、355×10-6、53.6×10-6、TCCA1.19×10-6、0.84×10-6、0．124×10-6。在蚤状幼体阶段,ZⅪ对消毒剂的敏感性最大。     

远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究

分别选用轮虫、轮虫 卤虫、轮虫 卤虫 扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料 ,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹氵蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现 :轮虫 卤虫 扁藻的效果最好 ,幼蟹第二期的成活率为 15% ,轮虫 卤虫的成活率为 11% ,卤虫的成活率为 10 %。而轮虫组仅能培育至 氵蚤状幼体第三期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现 ;扁藻最差 ,仅能培育至氵蚤状幼体第一期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现 ,轮虫 卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫 扁藻组长 ;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言 ,氵蚤状幼体第一期最高 ,而氵蚤状幼体幼体第五期最低     

远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究

分别选用轮虫、轮虫＋卤虫、轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹／蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现：轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻的效果最好,幼蟹第二期的成活率为15％,轮虫＋菌虫的成海率为11％,卤虫的成活率为10％。而轮虫组仅能培育与蚤状幼体第三期,没有蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现;扁藻最差,仅能培育至蚤状幼体第一期,没有蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现,轮虫＋卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫＋扁藻组长;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言,蚤状幼体第一期最高,而蚤状幼体第五期最低。     

冲绳日本绒螯蟹线粒体DNA125rRNA序列的研究

采集日本冲绳源河川和边野古川的日本绒螯蟹样品参考果蝇与蚤状线粒体ＤＮＡ１２ｒＲＮＡ基因片段序列进行了其相同片段的引物设计、ＰＣＲ扩增及序列测定。结果表明冲绳两河川４只日本绒螯蟹的碱基序列完全相同,为４５８ｂｐ,其Ａ、Ｔ、Ｇ、Ｃ含量分别为１６０ｂｐ（３４．９４％）、１７９ｂｐ（３９．０８％）、４９ｂｐ（１０．７０％）、７０ｂｐ（１５．２８％）同果与蚤状蚤相同基因片段的序列含量相似。     

智能建筑雷电电磁脉冲防护系统探讨

对现代智能建筑的雷电防护这一新出现的课题进行了论述，提出了智能建筑的雷电防护设计应作为一个系统工程来考虑，阐述了对智能建筑进行雷电防护设计时采用的6大系统：滚球法计算、等电位联接、屏蔽技术、共用接地体、综合布线，以及三级SPD保护、这些系统设计能够有效的抑制雷电电磁脉冲对智能内微电子设备的危害。     

“克毒丹”和“虾丹特”提高斑节对虾成苗率的初步探讨

１９９３年,全球虾病大流行,使虾产量下降１２％,而我国虾病则从南到北发生了空前的大暴发,致使年产量大幅度地下降了一半以上［１］,因而养虾业遭受惨重损失。据分析,这次虾病流行的原因主要有：工农业和生活污水污染沿海,使养虾业直接受害;虾池老化,自净能力较差;对虾育苗滥用抗菌素,致病菌因而获得抗药性;更为严重的是,有多种病毒性病原侵害对虾苗种和成虾,致使对虾的抗病机能减弱,当减弱到一定的程度时,加上环境、水质、营养和细菌等不良因素,使虾病暴发,在短时间内遭受毁灭性的打击。目前,已发现的对虾病毒共１０余…     

离子导体的二次场与反常涨落

为一次场所激励的输运过程,必然会导致介质界面附近正、负离子浓度富集的空间区域的出现。本文把这一现象视为处于非平衡态的力学系统中浓度这一广义自由度的反常涨落,系统趋于平衡态的弛豫时间即是所要找的激发极化衰减时法的衰减时参数,这就给出了激发极化衰减时法的找水理论机制。     

表面活性剂在土壤污染治理中的应用

环境问题日益严重,污染土壤修复的要求便越来越迫切,应用表面活性剂治理污染土壤也得以广泛研究。对于以淋洗为主的表面活性剂治理土壤污染法,表面活性剂的吸脱附行为、增溶能力和毒性是淋洗工艺取得优良效果的关键。文中重点阐述了离子型、非离子型、复配表面活性剂体系和生物表面活性剂在土壤重金属污染、有机污染和土壤-重金属复合污染治理中的应用。概述了影响表面活性剂治理效果的因素,讨论了此类方法的缺陷并从污染物的迁移转化和降解规律、治理工艺与组合治理技术3方面对未来的工作进行了展望。     

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marme Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species(ROS)leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000+CP and κ-ca3000+CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.     

The antioxidant effects of complexes of tilapia fish skin collagen and different marine oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants, marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently, there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However, only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes, in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study, we combined different marine oligosaccharides (isolated and purified) with collagen peptides derived from tilapia fish skin, and evaluated the an-tioxidant activity of the marine peptide-oligosaccharide complexes vis-à-vis the activity of their original component molecules.Bio-chemical and cellular assays were performed to measure the scavenging effects on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested, two complexes, namely MA1000+CP and κ-ca3000+CP, turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood, this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.     

Development of Combined Biological Technology for Treatment of High-strength Organic Wastewater and Results of Case Studies

Our study group has developed a unique combined ters from the industries of dyestuff, pharmaceutical, chemical biological technology to treat high-strength organic wastewaengineering and zymolysis by using the principles of anaerobic ecological niche and bio-phase separation. The study obtained five national invention patents and eight patent equipments. This technology contains four kernel processes - two-phase anaerobic-aerobic process, hydrolysis-acidification-oxidation process, UASBAF-oxidation process, and internal cycling-hydrolysis-oxidation process. Fifteen pilot projects were accomplished in the basins of Tai Lake, Huai River, Liao River and Songhua River, and their total capital investment reached 185.214 million Yuan （RMB）. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment technology, the innovative technology is more costeffective for high-strength organic wastewater treatment, can save capital investment by 15% - 30%, lessen land usage by 20% to 40% and decrease the operating cost by 10% to 25%. The operating cost of treatment per cubic meter industrial wastewater could be below 0.6 to 1.4 Yuan （RMB）.     

Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide.Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases.Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of VNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs.The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.The fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNV)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions.The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h.Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells.The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.     

夜间灯光数据表征的区域经济发展水平对老年人高血压与Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率分布的影响

区域社会经济发展程度与老年慢性病患病率有着极强的正相关关系,而夜间灯光强度是区域经济发展程度的直接反征;因此,使用夜间灯光数据进行老年慢性病研究具有重要的现实意义。本文以湖南省常宁市为研究对象,结合珞珈一号夜间灯光数据和研究区各乡镇老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率统计数据,对常宁市26个乡镇单位老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的分布特征差异进行了分析,进而通过建立模型模拟了研究区2种老年慢性病患病率的空间分布。研究结果表明:① 研究区夜间灯光均值与老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率的相关性都强于夜间灯光总量,且老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患病率与夜间灯光强度之间的关系要强于老年高血压患病率;② 对于同种慢性病患病率的分布,夜间灯光均值的影响要大于夜间灯光总量,且夜间灯光总量和均值对糖尿病患病率分布的影响均大于老年高血压患病率;③ 居住在高夜间灯光均值地区的老年人患高血压的风险是低夜间灯光均值地区的6.493倍,患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险为8.556倍;④研究区老年高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病与夜间灯光均值的一元线性拟合模型精度较高,可以较为精确地在模拟研究区老年高血压和Ⅱ型糖尿病的患病率的空间分布。该研究成果可为夜间灯光数据在疾病研究中的应用和区域性老年人高血压及Ⅱ型糖尿病患病原因分析,及相似病种患病情况的调査和预测提供参考。     

Mix design and expansion behavior of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite

Sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is proved to be one of the most effective ways to prevent concrete cracking too soon． Mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite complete- ly depends on experience and experiments at present． This method ignores the influence of expansion behavior which hinders the application of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite． The workability,free ex- pansion property,flexural strength and compressive strength of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious com- posite have been investigated by tests． The relationship between expansion ratio and mix design parameters such as curing age,water-cement ratio and cement abundance coefficient is deduced according to the experimental statistics． A new simplified approach to mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is pro- posed as a reference for construction application,which avoids experiments and experience．     

德州市主要地质灾害及防治对策

德州市地质灾害与环境地质问题主要有地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地下水污染和地方病等 ,其发育除受地质、水文地质条件制约外 ,还与人为因素有关。本文对地质灾害的分布、危害程度和致灾因素做了分析 ,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

Dietary Supplementation with Sea Cucumber Saponins and Exercise Can Significantly Suppress Adipose Accumulation in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet

Dietary supplementation with sea cucumber saponins(SCS) and exercise have been confirmed to be effective in preventing the development of obesity and its related diseases. However, the combined effectiveness of these interventions has not been explored. Here, we studied whether the beneficial influences of exercise could be further enhanced by dietary supplementation with SCS in high-fat diet-fed KM(Kunming) mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups, including the high-fat diet group(HF), the SCS group(HF-S), the exercise group(HF-E), and the combination of dietary SCS and exercise group(HF-S + E). There were eight mice in every group. The results demonstrated that the combination of dietary SCS and exercise could synergistically reduce fat accumulation. In particular, white adipose tissue decreased by 63% in the HF-S + E group compared with that in the HF group. SCS supplementation with exercise also improved peripheral markers, such as serum parameters and hepatic TG levels. Further mechanical testing indicated that the combined effects of dietary SCS and exercise on inhibiting fat accumulation might be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis in the liver and the activation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue to increase energy consumption.     

Antithrombotic effects of bromophenol,an alga-derived thrombin inhibitor

Thrombin,the ultimate proteinase of the coagulation cascade,is an attractive target for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.A bromophenol derivative named (+)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-bromo-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydroiso-benzofuran 1,isolated from the brown alga Leathesia nana exhibited significant thrombin inhibitory activity.In this study,we investigated the inhibition of human thrombin in vitro with this bromophenol derivative,and its antithrombotic efficacy in vivo using th...