滇西梁河地区闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对滇西梁河地区早白垩世闪长岩岩株中的花岗闪长岩和闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得206Pb/238U年龄分别为118.7Ma±1.5Ma和119.8Ma±1.0Ma,表明它们与早白垩世花岗岩体基本同时形成。其中在闪长岩中发现1颗约140Ma的岩浆锆石,可能指示梁河地区早白垩世初期的岩浆事件,2颗晚三叠世锆石继承核的年龄分别为208.2Ma±6.7Ma和221.9Ma±2.4Ma,记录了印支期的岩浆活动。花岗闪长岩和闪长岩具有相似的全岩εNd(t)值(-8.03、-7.70),但却表现出不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(118.7Ma:-5.60~-3.28;119.8Ma:-6.73~-3.09),表明它们来自于结晶基底重熔的长英质岩浆与幔源岩浆的混合。不同锆石的Hf同位素组成显示,与北冈底斯带相比,滇西梁河地区早白垩世幔源组分参与花岗质岩石形成的程度较低。滇西梁河地区花岗闪长岩和闪长岩的形成,可能与地壳加厚的构造背景有关。     

威海地区超高压变质花岗片麻岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

在苏鲁超高压变质带东北端山东威海地区皂埠镇发现锆石δ18O值低至-7.8‰左右的花岗片麻岩, 与前人在苏鲁超高压变质带西南端江苏东海青龙山地区发现的锆石δ18O值为-7‰~-9‰左右的花岗片麻岩一致.对这些低δ18O值花岗片麻岩进行了锆石SHRIMP法UPb定年和系统的激光氟化法矿物氧同位素分析, 结果对低δ18O值锆石成因和花岗片麻岩的原岩性质提供了制约.研究得到: (1) 这些低δ18O值锆石以新元古代岩浆锆石为主, 但部分岩浆锆石在印支期超高压变质作用过程中发生了不同程度的重结晶作用.δ18O值为-7.08‰的岩浆核锆石UPb定年得到的花岗片麻岩原岩谐和年龄和不一致线上交点年龄分别为(760±49) Ma和(751±27) Ma, 变质谐和年龄和不一致线下交点年龄分别为(232±4) Ma和(241±33) Ma, 指示其原岩为新元古代花岗岩并经历了印支期变质作用; (2) 锆石δ18O值在局部范围内变化于-7.76‰~5.40‰之间, 低δ18O值岩浆锆石表明它们是从新元古代低δ18O值岩浆中直接结晶形成, 锆石δ18O值的局部变化表明其原岩岩浆的氧同位素组成具有不均一性, 指示低δ18O值岩浆源区物质曾经在地表与极度亏损18O的大气降水发生过不同程度的高温水岩反应; (3) 低δ18O值花岗片麻岩在印支期板块俯冲和折返过程中基本没有与外部发生显著的氧同位素交换, 在退变质作用过程中花岗片麻岩内部缓冲流体对原岩岩浆锆石的δ18O值影响不大.威海皂埠镇地区和东海青龙山地区的花岗片麻岩在原岩时代、变质时代和氧同位素组成等方面基本相同, 指示它们应具有相同的原岩性质, 并经历了相同的变质作用和水岩相互作用过程.因此, 极度亏损18O的新元古代双峰式基性-酸性岩浆岩可能分布于整个大别-苏鲁造山带.      

西藏邦铺大型斑岩钼-铜矿床二长花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

利用锆石U-Pb SHRI MP定年技术,测定了西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段邦铺斑岩钼铜矿床中二长花岗斑岩的年龄,获得该含矿岩体真实侵位年龄为13.9±0.3 Ma(MSWD=3.05),属于喜马拉雅晚期。邦铺二长花岗斑岩的形成时代介于冈底斯成矿带后碰撞期伸展构造环境的斑岩体的形成时代(12~18 Ma),该年龄的厘定进一步丰富了冈底斯带岩浆活动,并为整个冈底斯成矿带岩浆岩演化历史提供年代学数据和新的启示:可以认为其与冈底斯斑岩铜矿带具有相同的动力学背景,同属于大规模的快速爆发成矿作用过程。     

西藏聂荣微陆块奥陶纪和侏罗纪岩浆事件的年龄证据

为了加深对班公湖-怒江缝合带构造演化过程的认识,选择聂荣微陆块内的花岗质片麻岩和花岗闪长质片麻岩中的锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果主要显示两组206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄:一组为453.7±2.5 Ma; 另一组为176.6±1.1 Ma和178.04±0.8 Ma.花岗质片麻岩中黑云母和花岗闪长质片麻岩中白云母的40Ar-39Ar定年结果显示,坪年龄分别为161.8±1.1 Ma和178.9±1.2 Ma.上述年龄结果表明,聂荣微陆块主要经历了晚奥陶世和早侏罗世两期岩浆事件,这两期岩浆事件分别与冈瓦纳大陆北缘早古生代的造山作用和班公湖-怒江洋壳的俯冲闭合存在密切的动力学关系.      

滇西桃花花岗斑岩中新太古代-古元古代锆石年龄信息:对扬子板块西缘基底时代的约束

扬子板块西缘滇西地区是否存在古老基底一直存在争议。本文对滇西桃花地区花岗斑岩进行了岩石学、地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究。形成于晚造山-后碰撞背景的桃花花岗斑岩具岛弧花岗岩地球化学特征,其成因可能与:1)俯冲拆离的洋壳俯冲拆离的洋壳或富集地幔重熔作用;2)加厚的地壳部分熔融。花岗斑岩中的继承锆石有两种类型:一类是发育具有密集振荡环带的岩浆锆石;另一类是次浑圆状锆石。测年结果显示,花岗斑岩的岩浆锆石年龄为36.35±0.35Ma,环带发育的继承锆石年龄介于167~891Ma之间;而次浑圆状继承锆石可以分为两组,其207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为1851±22Ma与2499±32Ma。新的锆石测年结果表明着滇西桃花地区不仅存在古金沙江洋东向俯冲形成的晚古生代弧岩浆记录,还发现新元古代岩浆活动信息,及早古元古代和新太古代的锆石记录。推测1.8Ga与2.5Ga锆石可能是捕获自地壳或围岩(石鼓片岩),表明滇西地区可能存在古老基底。     

华北克拉通孔兹岩带磴口和佘太地区花岗片麻岩和斜长角闪岩变质锆石对其北界位置的再约束

准确限定古老陆块及其之间造山带或缝合带的位置一直是早前寒武纪研究的难点和热点之一.前人对华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带边界在磴口地区的延伸方向以及在佘太地区的具体位置一直存在着争议.基于此,本次研究对孔兹岩带西部磴口地区的花岗片麻岩和中部佘太地区的斜长角闪岩中的变质锆石进行了矿物包裹体、U-Pb同位素以及微量元素的研究.结果表明磴口地区一个花岗片麻岩岩浆锆石的U-Pb年龄为2 549±14 Ma,变质锆石年龄为1 874±26 Ma,另一个花岗片麻岩变质锆石的U-Pb年龄为1 877±25 Ma,锆石的稀土元素整体呈现出左倾的特征.佘太地区北部一个斜长角闪岩样品变质锆石的U-Pb年龄为2 469±15 Ma,南部两个样品的变质年龄为1 924±25 Ma和1 800±20 Ma,锆石的稀土元素同样表现为左倾的特征.结合岩石组合、新太古代末和古元古代两期变质事件的空间分布及前人的研究成果,表明在磴口地区孔兹岩带与阴山陆块的边界更有可能向西延伸,而非以往认为的向西南方向延伸,而在佘太地区这条边界应沿武川-固阳-佘太分布,而非以往认为的沿武川-固阳-乌拉特后旗分布.      

冈底斯铜矿带冲江含矿斑岩的岩石化学及锆石SHRIMP年龄特征

青藏高原南部冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江含矿斑岩早期为闪长岩,主期为花岗闪长斑岩及石英二长斑岩,晚期为花岗斑岩.岩石化学特征表现为早期和主期岩体主要为高钾钙碱性岩石系列,晚期岩体介于高钾钙碱和钾玄质岩石系列之间.含矿斑岩锆石SHRIMP年龄为(12.9±0.3)Ma,此年龄及前人的年龄资料表明冲江含矿斑岩体是多阶段作用形成的,第一阶段为14～15.6 Ma,第二阶段为12～13.8 Ma.现有冈底斯铜矿带年龄资料表明,冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成岩成矿时代在12～18 Ma之间,岩浆活动时限约6 Ma.     

滇西哀牢山变质岩系锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

哀牢山-红河构造带是滇西地区最著名的带状变质带之一,其主体由哀牢山深变质岩系(哀牢山岩群)组成,一直被认为是扬子陆块古元古代结晶基底.本文选取哀牢山深变质岩系内的花岗片麻岩(11 ALl7-1和11AL09-1)和石英岩(11AL08-1),以及邻区的花岗岩(11ALl2-1)进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年.结果显示,花岗片麻岩11 ALl7-1有岩浆和变质两类锆石,两者的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为700±6Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=14)和27.4±1.2Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=3),代表原岩形成时代和变质年龄.花岗片麻岩llAL09-1岩浆锆石206 pb/238U年龄为220±3Ma(MSWD=3.1,n=14),变质锆石年龄为31.2±2.3Ma(MSWD =6,n=5),分别代表原岩结晶时代和后期变质年龄.石英岩11AL08-1中所有锆石具有核-边结构,92颗锆石核部年龄集中分布在6组,分别为493～528Ma(n=42)、635 ～ 640Ma(n=2)、701～784Ma(n=44)、976 ～980Ma(n=2)、1839Ma(n=1)和2487Ma(n=1).92个核部分析点具有高的Th/U比值(＞0.23),指示岩浆来源.最年轻一组的42个核部年龄加权平均值为509Ma,代表石英岩原岩的最大沉积时代.7颗锆石变质边年龄为26～ 75 Ma内,代表变质年龄.花岗岩11 ALl2-1锆石206pb/238U年龄加权平均值为750±4Ma(MSWD =0.6),代表岩石形成时代.这些年龄表明哀牢山变质岩系是一个原岩复杂的变质杂岩带,它的原始物质至少包含新元古代～ 700Ma岩浆岩、～509 Ma沉积地层及220 ～ 240Ma的岩浆岩和地层,而不是以往认为的古元古代结晶基底.现今所见的哀牢山岩群“古老”岩石面貌主要是由地质历史上的浅变质或未变质的地层和岩浆岩在新生代26～31Ma发生变质变形作用改造的结果.哀牢山变质带的源区物质特征和主要岩浆事件与扬子陆块西缘十分相似,具有亲扬子的构造属性.     

西藏斯弄多铅锌矿床成矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

斯弄多铅锌矿床位于南冈底斯-念青唐古拉成矿带北缘铅锌银多金属矿带上,该矿床铅锌矿化与矿区花岗斑岩密切相关,为典型的热液脉型-矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。为厘定其成岩成矿时代,本文对矿区花岗斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定。结果得到2组年龄,一组年龄介于(75.1±1.8)～(77.7±1.8)Ma之间,加权平均年龄为(75.7±0.9)Ma(MSWD=0.27,n=11),可能反映岩浆在岩浆房演化过程中结晶的锆石年龄;另一组年龄为(67.5±1.4)～(69.4±1.4)Ma,加权平均年龄为(68.8±1.2)Ma(MSWD=0.31,n=6),代表花岗斑岩真实的结晶年龄,这一花岗斑岩的年龄(68.8±1.2)Ma明显早于冈底斯带内主碰撞期形成的矽卡岩型矿床。结合该成矿带其他矿床的成岩、成矿年龄,本文认为南冈底斯-念青唐古拉成矿带在印-亚大陆碰撞早期或新特提斯洋壳俯冲晚期,也伴有较强的铅锌多金属成矿作用。     

青海石底泉地区宗务隆构造带花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对德令哈市石底泉地区宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学分析。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,其具有岛弧或活动大陆边缘花岗岩的属性,原岩可能为新元古代早期(870.0±4.5Ma左右)硅铝地壳或地壳物质熔融的产物,它们的形成与板块的俯冲作用有关LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示2组年龄,分别为870.0±4.5Ma和443.3±2.3Ma。其中870.0±4.5Ma代表源区继承锆石的年龄,反映了新元古代时期的构造岩浆事件;443.3±2.3Ma代表花岗闪长岩岩浆锆石的结晶年龄,即花岗闪长岩侵位于晚奥陶世。综合分析可以确定,宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩与柴达木盆地北缘加里东期的板块汇聚碰撞造山作用有关,证实了宗务隆构造带内岩体形成时代并非全部是海西期一印支期。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.