罗汉果生长气象条件分析

罗汉果主产于我国南方亚热带气候山区，喜温暖、喜短El照阳光、喜昼夜温差大、怕霜冻又不耐高温、喜空气湿润、多雾，忌渍水，对气候条件的要求比较苛刻。通过对广西罗汉果主产地永福县龙江乡和临桂县茶洞乡罗汉果生长发育情况和当地的温度、El照、降水、湿度及雾El等气候条件的分析，初步了解农业气象条件对罗汉果种植的影响，为罗汉果的推广种植提供科学依据。     

基于DEM的桂林市罗汉果气候适宜性分布

为充分利用当地生态环境条件特征，提升罗汉果产量与品质，促进罗汉果稳定、高效生产，科学制定桂林市罗汉果发展规划。利用桂林市14个国家站1981—2017年气象数据，结合数字高程模型（DEM），采用层次分析法（AHP），从气候、地形等方面构建桂林市罗汉果气候适宜性指数，采用自然断点法（Natural Breaks）将桂林市罗汉果适宜性指数划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区。结果表明：桂林市中部、西南及东北部较适宜罗汉果种植，该区域内水热条件较好，温度、光照适宜，海拔高度适中，能够较好满足罗汉果生长发育所需生态条件。不适宜区主要位于北部猫儿山山脉地区、越城岭、海洋山山脉及都庞岭等地区，该区域内海拔较高，气候条件不能满足罗汉果生长发育所需，不适宜罗汉果种植。     

文山州烤烟大田期气候特征和气候风险分析

利用1988～2017年4月下旬至9月下旬文山州烤烟种植大田期间气象数据资料,对文山州近30a烤烟种植气候特征进行分析,并对关键气候因子风险度进行评估。分析表明:(1)烤烟大田期平均气温、降水量和日照时数都呈现增长趋势,东部高温突出,南部多雨多日照,西部多日照,除富宁大部地区平均气温偏高外,文山州大部分地区均符合优质烟区的气候种植条件。(2)文山州烤烟种植前期平均气温和降水量风险度较高,为主要的气候限制因子,整个生育期日照时数风险度最小,6～8月雨量风险次小;7～8月日照和平均气温风险均表现为东高西低,是中部及其以东地区烤烟种植的主要气候限制因子。综合气候风险度年际分布不均匀,除东部富宁地区外,文山州大部地区具备烤烟种植的较好气候条件,种植综合气候风险东部较高,未来不适宜优质烤烟种植,温度和降水是东部烤烟种植的主要限制气候因子。     

合理利用气候资源 发展抚州柑桔生产

抚州地区气候优越 ,有利于柑桔种植。历史上 ,抚州地区各县均种植柑桔。特别是著名的南丰蜜桔 ,栽培历史悠久 ,早在中和二年（公元８８２年）就作为朝贡珍品 ,受到世人称赞 ,５０年代斯大林称之为“桔中之王”。１柑桔对气候条件的要求柑桔是喜温暖、湿润、短日照的亚热带果树。对气候条件的要求是 :年平均气温＞１５℃（最好≥１５．５℃） ,１ａ中有２个月以上月平均气温≥２５℃ ,≥１０℃以上活动积温≥４２００℃（最好≥４５００℃ ,极端最低气温 -７．０℃以上（最好 -５℃以上） ;年雨量１０００ｍｍ以上（最好≥１５００ｍｍ） ,其…     

黔东南州种植蜂糖李气候适宜性研究

从气候角度分析黔东南州种植蜂糖李适宜性,为蜂糖李种植选址提供气候可行性依据。利用2011-2020年黔东南州200个区域气象站资料和蜂糖李品质最优的产地贵州省安顺市镇宁县六马镇区域气象站资料,用数理统计方法,计算黔东南州200个乡镇与六马镇气温、降水和日照气候指标相对应的气候值,利用适宜度模型计算各乡镇气候适宜度。结果表明：黔东南州有37.5%的乡镇处于蜂糖李种植气候适宜区,没有气候最适宜区域;蜂糖李开花坐果期的气候适宜度低于萌芽、果实生长以及果实成熟期,是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的关键期;气温综合适宜度＞日照综合适宜度＞降水综合适宜度,开花坐果期阶段性持续低温、雨日多、日照少是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的主要气候要素。黔东南州地形起伏大,气候差异明显,蜂糖李种植要根据当地地形和气候要素情况,选择日照多、雨日少、气温高、向阳、开阔等区域开展种植。     

广东种植青枣气候适宜度评价

为科学指导广东青枣种植及其精细化管理, 以青枣生长发育对光、温、水的需求指标为依据, 结合广东实际生产气候条件, 构建了青枣种植的光、温、水和气候适宜度模型, 定量评价1961-2019年广东青枣各生育期和全生育期的气候适宜度。(1)除清远和韶关北部山区因地势高易受极端低温影响外, 广东大部地区气候条件适宜种植青枣。(2)广东种植青枣历年气候适宜度介于0.49~0.66, 各气候因子气候适宜度以温度最高, 日照次之, 降水最低。(3)青枣各生育期以花期和抽梢期气候适宜度最高, 发芽期次之, 果实生长期和果实成熟期最低; 温度和日照适宜度由高到低的顺序为:花期>抽梢期>果实生长期>发芽期>果实成熟期; 降水适宜度由高到低的顺序为:抽梢期>花期>发芽期>果实成熟期>果实生长期。(4)降水是广东种植青枣的主要限制因子, 对果实生长期和果实成熟期的影响更显著, 未来青枣种植要十分注意秋冬季节的水分调控。      

天门市茶产业发展的气候适宜性分析和对策

天门市日照充足,年日照时数1648.8 h,年日照百分率37.2%,年大雾日数为23.1 d;年降水概率为32.45%,湿度大,全年的气候干燥度为0.88,春季气候干燥度为0.69,以春季气候干燥度最适宜天门市茶叶生长。针对不利于茶叶生长的灾害性天气,提出了相应的应对措施,为茶叶种植提供防灾减灾、趋利避害气象保障。天门市位于北亚热带季风气候区,四季分明,雨量充沛,是“茶圣”陆羽的故乡。由于境内年降水变化率大,天气变化剧烈,水旱灾害时有发生,特别是洪涝灾害多、危害重,严重影响农业生产。研究茶叶生长与气候条件的关系,在生产中充分利用有利的气候条件,克服不利气象因素的影响,对于推动天门茶旅游业发展,提高茶叶产量和品质有着重要的意义。1天门市茶叶种植的气候条件茶叶生产对气候因素的要求比较严格,合理利用气候条件进行趋利避害,使效益达到最大化。茶树喜欢生长在温暖湿润的环境,ph值4.5~6.0的酸性土壤中为最佳,并且炎热干旱和低温阴雨都会对茶树的生长产生影响,因此对气候条件的分析十分必要。     

塑料大棚番茄生长的农业气象指标

1 引言 新宾县地处辽宁东部山区,其气候特点是无霜期短,热量资源不足,所以利用塑料大棚的保温、增湿条件种植番茄,可提高其经济价值和社会效益。 根据番茄的喜温、喜光、     

肇庆市肉桂种植的气候资源分析与区划

根据近50年全市各县(市、区)逐月的气温、降水、日照等气象要素分析肉桂在气候条件适应情况、影响肉桂生长的气象灾害以及病虫害与气象条件的关系,探索适宜肉桂种植的地区和时间,把产量差异与气候差异联系起来,得出肉桂种植的气候区划指标和气候区划图。气候区划区可分为最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜种植区;同时根据气候特征提出低温阴雨、霜冻、干旱等气象灾害的防御对策和病虫害防治措施。     

甘肃临夏地区油菜生态气候适应性分析与适生种植区划

采用数理统计方法,分析了临夏地区甘蓝型油菜的气候生态条件,建立了气候生态适生种植区划综合指标体系。根据临夏地区1971～2009年油菜生长季气候要素分析,表明影响该地区油菜生长发育的主要气候要素为降水、气温和日照,并根据建立的油菜气候区划指标对临夏地区油菜种植进行区划。将临夏油菜种植区划分为5个区域,康乐、和政、积石山...     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on