Changes in Seasonal Patterns of Temperature and Precipitation in China During 1971-2000

Many studies have shown evidence for significant changes in surface climate in different regions of the world and during different seasons over the past 100 years. Based on daily temperature and precipitation data from 720 climate stations in China, cluster analysis was used to identify regions in China that have experienced similar changes in the seasonal cycle of temperature and precipitation during the 1971-2000 climate normal period. Differences in 11-day averages of daily mean temperature and total precipitation between the first （1971-1985） and second （1986-2000） halves of the record were analyzed using the Mann- Whitney U test and the global κ-means clustering algorithm. Results show that most parts of China experienced significant increases in temperature between the two periods, especially in winter, although some of this warming may be attributable to the urban heat island effect in large cities. Most of western China experienced more precipitation in 1986-2000, while precipitation decreased in the Yellow River valley. Changes in the summer monsoon were also evident, with decreases in precipitation during the onset and decay phases, and increases during the wettest period.     

PROGRESS OF MARINE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AT MAOMING OF SOUTH CHINA

The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology.     

Interannual and Decadal Changes in Tropospheric Ozone in China and the Associated Chemistry–Climate Interactions: A Review

China has been experiencing widespread air pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.The two major concerns of ambient air quality in China are particulate matter(PM) and tropospheric ozone(O_3). With the implementation of air pollution prevention and control actions in the last five years, the PM pollution in China has been substantially reduced. In contrast, under the conditions of the urban air pollution complex, the elevated O_3 levels in city clusters of eastern China, especially in warm seasons, have drawn increasing attention. Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors not only contribute to regional air quality, but also alter climate. Climate change in turn can change chemical processes, long-range transport, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. Compared to PM, less is known about O_3 pollution and its climate effects over China. Here, we present a review of the main findings from the literature over the period 2011–18 with regard to the characteristics of O_3 concentrations in China and the mechanisms that drive its interannual to decadal variations, aiming to identify robust conclusions that may guide decision-making for emissions control and to highlight critical knowledge gaps. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O_3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O_3 owing to climate and/or emission changes.     

Arctic Sea Ice Decline Intensified Haze Pollution in Eastern China

Air quality in eastern China has becoming more and more worrying in recent years, and haze is now No.1 air pollution issue. Results in this study show the decreasing Arctic sea ice(ASI) is an important contributor to the recent increased haze days in eastern China. The authors find that the number of winter haze days(WHD) in eastern China is strongly negatively correlated with the preceding autumn ASI during 1979–2012, and about 45%– 67% of the WHD interannual to interdecadal variability can be explained by ASI variability. Following previous studies on the impact of ASI loss on the northern hemisphere climate, the authors' studies further reveal that the reduction of autumn ASI leads to positive sea-level pressure anomalies in mid-latitude Eurasia, northward shift of track of cyclone activity in China, and weak Rossby wave activity in eastern China south of 40N during winter season. These atmospheric circulation changes favor less cyclone activity and more stable atmosphere in eastern China, leading to more haze days there. Furthermore, the patterns of circulation changes associated with autumn ASI and WHD are in very good agreement over the East Asia, particularly in eastern China. The authors suggest that haze pollution may continue to be a serious issue in the near future as the decline of ASI continues under global warming.     

CONGRATULATIONS TO THE PUBLICATION OF THE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY (ENGLISH VERSION)

Ever since 1984, the Journal Of Tropical Meteorology (Chinese version ), an academic journal devoted to the field in China, has been in continuous circulation for 12 years. Up to the present stage, however, it has stopped short of fully playing the role of international exchanges due to language barriers. For foreign colleagues who are interested in the research and advances of tropical meteorology in China,the official publication of the journal in English version, which comes after a period of preparation, is designed to make it things of the past to get informed from just a few lines of English Abstracts. On behalf of the Guangzhou Regional Meteorological Center and subordinate institutions of operation and scientific research, I would like to exploit the occasion to express my warm congratulations to its publication!Tropical meteorology is one of the important branches of the whole atmospheric sciences. The state and changes in the tropical atmosphere have essential influence on the weather and climate across our planet. The advance in the research of tropical meteorology has become a subject equally concerned by the community in many nations. I think that the all--English Journal of TrOPical Meteorology will help colleagues overseas to know more of China's achievements in the field on a timely basis. In the meantime, I also welcome the interested writers abroad to present academic papers of their own in this journal and make common efforts to operate it so that the science of tropical meteorology better contributes to the well--being of every people.     

Re-Assessing Climatic Warming in China since 1900

The regional mean surface air temperature(SAT)in China has risen with a rate of 1.3–1.7℃(100 yr)^-1 since 1900,based on the recently developed homogenized observations.This estimate is larger than those[0.5–0.8℃(100 yr)^-1]adopted in the early National Reports of Climate Change in China.The present paper reviews the studies of the longterm SAT series of China,highlighting the homogenization of station observations as the key progress.The SAT series of China in early studies showed a prominent warm peak in the 1940s,mainly due to inhomogeneous records associated with site-moves of a number of stations from urban to outskirts in the early 1950s,thus leading to underestimates of the centennial warming trend.Parts of China were relatively warm around the 1940s but with differentphase interdecadal variations,while some parts were even relatively cool.This fact is supported by proxy data and could partly be explained by interdecadal changes in large-scale circulation.The effect of urbanization should have a minor contribution to the observed warming in China,although the estimates of such contributions for individual urban stations remain controversial.Further studies relevant to the present topic are discussed.     

A Brief Introduction to Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe Town,Maoming City,Guangdong Province

<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea.     

Recent Progress in Dual-Polarization Radar Research and Applications in China

Dual-polarization(dual-pol)radar can measure additional parameters that provide more microphysical information of precipitation systems than those provided by conventional Doppler radar.The dual-pol parameters have been successfully utilized to investigate precipitation microphysics and improve radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE).The recent progress in dual-pol radar research and applications in China is summarized in four aspects.Firstly,the characteristics of several representative dual-pol radars are reviewed.Various approaches have been developed for radar data quality control,including calibration,attenuation correction,calculation of specific differential phase shift,and identification and removal of non-meteorological echoes.Using dual-pol radar measurements,the microphysical characteristics derived from raindrop size distribution retrieval,hydrometeor classification,and QPE is better understood in China.The limited number of studies in China that have sought to use dual-pol radar data to validate the microphysical parameterization and initialization of numerical models and assimilate dual-pol data into numerical models are summarized.The challenges of applying dual-pol data in numerical models and emerging technologies that may make significant impacts on the field of radar meteorology are discussed.     

Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China:Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the “air pollution complex” was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmosph...     

Preface to the Special Issue on Commemorating the Centenary of Duzheng YE's Birth

<正>Prof.Duzheng YE(also spelt Tu-Cheng Yeh)was one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China.He devoted himself to the Earth sciences for more than 70 years,during which time his contributions,to name just a few,included establishing Tibetan Plateau meteorology;developing the theory of atmospheric longwave energy dispersion,and therefore providing the theoretical basis for modern weather forecasting;and expanding global change research by building     

Marine Meteorology Research Progress of China from 2003 to 2006

The progress in marine meteorology research achieved by scientists in China during the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 is summarized under four categories: marine disaster study, typhoon over the ocean, ocean-atmosphere monitoring technology, and ocean-atmosphere forecasting technology. Compared to the previous four years, many more first-hand datasets have been obtained and more scientific issues have been addressed. In particular, many contributions have been made by young scientists. A brief statement on the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is given at the end.     

AAS has been accepted for Coverage by the Science Citation Index in 2009

In May 2008, ScienceWatch.com named Advances in Atmospheric Sciences a Rising Star among Geosciences journals. According to Essential Science IndicatorsSM from Thomson Reuters, the journal＇s cur-rent citation record includes 764 papers cited a total of 1,658 times between January 1, 1998 and February 29 2008.     

关于海洋气象学学科归属问题的探讨

在揭示海洋气象学学科归属问题和影响的基础上,通过对相关学科内涵和外延的综合分析,厘清了海洋气象学学科归属。海洋气象学归属于大气科学比归属于海洋科学更适合其发展。厘清海洋气象学学科归属的关键是理解海洋-大气相互作用的多尺度特征。未来海洋气象学的发展极大地依赖于海上高科技探测技术、实地和遥感观测的综合应用、中小尺度海-气相互作用理论、多层次大气-海洋耦合模式,由此需要加强更小尺度的海洋-大气相互作用研究。分析结果可供大气科学和海洋科学科研、教学、业务、管理人员参考。     

卫星气象的现状及展望

本文讨论了气象卫星遥感技术的现状及展望,以及在未来十几年内气象卫星可能提供遥感信息的前景。由于卫星技术的发展以及信息处理能力的提高,遥感信息将会对于气象及有关学科的发展有所推动,本文预期了它对于天气预报、气候与长期预报、大气探测(包括云雨)、大气污染、海洋环境及陆地冰雪研究的促进效果。气象卫星遥感提供了地球环境综合性研究的可能性,本文也讨论了这样一个发展趋势。最后,概述了我国卫星气象事业的发展概况。     

气象经济学研究综述

气象与经济的关系越来越密切,气象经济学在中国逐渐受到重视。通过对近十几年来国内气象经济相关文献的系统梳理,从气象经济与气象经济学的概念、气象服务效益评价、气象服务商业化、气象与国民经济的关系等4个方面分析了中国气象经济学的研究进展。从总体上看,中国的气象经济学研究深度仍然不够,学科体系尚未建立,需要大力完善。     

气象经济学研究综述

气象与经济的关系越来越密切,气象经济学在中国逐渐受到重视.通过对近十几年来国内气象经济相关文献的系统梳理,从气象经济与气象经济学的概念、气象服务效益评价、气象服务商业化、气象与国民经济的关系等4个方面分析了中国气象经济学的研究进展.从总体上看,中国的气象经济学研究深度仍然不够,学科体系尚未建立,需要大力完善.     

渤海海冰数值模式的研究进展

根据渤海海冰冰情,从热力和动力两个方面综述了渤海海冰数值模式的研究进展。从热力参数方案和气候特点上,展望新一代渤海中小尺度短期海冰热力模式;从海冰动力模式中3种常用数值方法的主要特点和实际应用情况上,论述SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)方法在渤海海冰短期预报的发展前景。在此基础上,结合海洋气象的发展,讨论海冰短期预报的关键技术。将海冰数值预报模式与传统的中长期海冰统计预报有机地结合起来将是渤海海冰模式未来的发展方向。     

Advances in Urban Meteorological Research in China

Over the past decades, a large number of studies have been carried out in the field of urban meteorology in China. This paper summarizes the main progress in urban meteorology research from four aspects: urban meteorological observation network and field campaign, multi-scale model of urban meteorology, interaction between urban meteorology and atmospheric environment, and the impacts of urbanization on weather and climate. Major advances are as follows. China’s major cities have established or are improving comprehensive urban meteorological observation networks characterized by multi-platform, multi-variable, multi-scale, multi-link, and multi-function. Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, and other cities carried out urban meteorological field campaigns, which were included in the WMO research demonstration project. Wind tunnel experiments and scale-model outdoor experiments were successfully conducted. Multi-scale urban meteorological and air quality prediction numerical model systems have been developed and put into operational use. The urban heat island effect; urban impacts on precipitation, regional climate, and air quality; urban planning; and interaction between urban meteorology and atmospheric environment are extensively investigated. Finally, efforts to improve observational technology, data assimilation, and urban system modeling, to explore the impacts of urbanization on environment and human health, and to provide integrated urban hydro-meteorological climate and environmental services are planned ahead.     

气象方面对于国家及社会实际需要之问题

本年四月十六日中央研究院评议会举行第二届年会时,以我国科学研究应特别注重於国家及社会实际急需之问题,并以此事徵询气象研究所之意见。炯因凝定气象方面对於目下我国社会急需建设之六项问题,送交评议会,再由中央研究院根据意见书之内容,向有关系各方建议。嗣得各方覆函,大体均表示赞同,且有一部分已见之实行矣。兹将当时送达评议会之意见书披露於后。