考虑行波效应的车桥系统地震响应分析

借助虚拟激励法,本文研究了非一致水平地震作用下三维车桥耦合时变系统的非平稳随机振动问题。通过轮轨间位移协调关系将列车和桥梁运动方程进行耦合,建立了考虑行波效应的多点地震激励下列车-桥梁时变系统运动方程。水平地震激励假设为均匀调制多点异相位完全相干随机激励;轨道不平顺激励假设为多点异相位完全相干平稳随机激励。采用时变系统的虚拟激励法将这些随机激励分别转化为一系列虚拟的确定性激励,然后通过数值积分求解相应的虚拟响应,进而方便地得到系统随机响应的时变功率谱密度函数和标准差等。数值算例中,通过Monte Carlo法验证了本文随机振动分析方法的正确性和有效性,并讨论了地震波视波速、场地土条件等对系统随机响应的影响。     

浅层地震勘探数据拟同步采集时差分析与实践

理想的地震勘探数据采集,其硬件系统采用多道同步方式实现,保证多路信号的时间或相位一致性.理论时差分析表明,就地震信号的初至时刻来看,多路同步采集系统也存在系统误差.浅层地震勘探数据记录道数少,采用单个A/D模数转换器件通过逻辑系统控制实现少量地震道的多路循环分时采集,在满足采样定理所需采样频率和不增加地震信号初至系统误差的前提下,可以以较少的硬件成本实现浅层地震信号的有效采集,这种采集方式我们称之为有效拟同步采集;通过实践证明了其采集方式的有效性.     

时间域航空电磁系统瞬变全时响应正演模拟

近年来很多专家学者致力于时间域航空系统正反演的研究.本文针对一维均匀层状介质和三维模型进行正演.不仅计算垂直方向上的电磁响应,还计算了同线方向上的电磁响应,为航空电磁多分量观测提供理论依据.通过比较航空电磁系统的脉冲响应和阶跃响应特征,发现脉冲响应在早期时间存在奇异性,造成计算不稳定.然而,阶跃响应在早期时间没有奇异性,因而利用系统的阶跃响应可得到一种计算时间域航空电磁系统全时响应的稳定算法.该算法具有较高的精度,并很好地保持了磁场强度B和磁感应dB/dt关系的一致性.该算法推广到三维地质体的时间域正演模拟亦取得很好的效果.     

LN-ZJQ型多路转接器的研制

为了实现测震台网设备布线规范化,保证地震信号高速传输和多点服务,研制了LN-ZJQ型多路转接器。本文介绍了该仪器的设计思路和功能。     

随机振动功率谱复现迭代算法的研究

采用功率谱复现迭代算法,依据系统的频率特性,对驱动信号进行迭代补偿,使得系统的响应谱能够高精度地复现期望谱。基于对影响随机振动功率谱复现精度因素的分析,提出在不同频段采用不同迭代步长的驱动谱迭代算法,给出了算法的程序框图,并通过试验验证了算法的有效性。     

基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的线性时变SDOF系统参数识别

对于参数时变的SDOF系统,提出一种基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的参数识别方法。该方法能将SDOF系统的强迫振动响应自适应地分解为稳态响应和瞬态响应。从系统的稳态响应可得到外部激振力的频率估计;对系统的瞬态响应用多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解方法进一步分解,可得到系统的瞬时频率估计,进而可得到系统的刚度和阻尼,从而实现对SDOF系统的参数识别。刚度线性变化、刚度突变与刚度周期缓变3种情况下的参数识别仿真算例表明,本文方法能有效识别线性时变SDOF系统参数,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

HS-1盒式数字磁带机

HS—1盒式数字磁带机的研制,是把普通立体声机机芯改装为记录机构,并研制符合要求的写读电路,它是一种具有较高精度、高记录密度、廉价的便携式数字记录器,可供流动台网或其他场合应用。当多路的模拟地震信号往数字采集系统——768多路数字化地震遥测系统(发端)处理,并以串价码形式输出时,HS—1盒带机可以不失真地记录这些信号。因此,盒带机在系统中起到了存贮信息和替代有线或无线通道而传输信息的作用。若整个系统具有判别地震并能发盒带机起动的功能,那么同样一盒磁带可以存贮和传输有用的地震信号     

粘滑过程中的多点错动

在实验室利用分布式多通道瞬态信号采集系统,从近场条件下研究了岩石粘滑过程中沿断层的声发射信号的初动到时和初动方向空间分布,并结合瞬态高频应变记录系统观测沿断层的应变分布特征,对粘滑过程中的震源错动行为进行了研究。实验在双轴伺服加载系统上进行。分析表明,一次突发应力降对应的瞬时震源滑动过程是由多次更短暂的微小错动组成的,每次短小错动都产生自己的声发射事件,并依次对应不同的应变值快速改变。而每一次的微小错动也可能不止一个位错点,而是对应空间上多个启动点,从振动波初动信号的空间分布形式与沿断层应变场不均匀分布中可以找到证据。近场条件下观测到的粘滑过程多点错动现象对于理解震源过程的复杂性,解释现场地震震源不确定性与震源机制解的高矛盾比现象提供了可能的依据。     

基于运营环境和提升小波变换的桥梁损伤检测研究

根据损伤桥梁在车辆荷载作用下的动力响应特点,以及提升小波变换对信号突变信息的放大功能,提出了利用桥梁运营荷载作用下加速度响应提升小波变换系数的分布特性对结构损伤进行识别的方法。首先,采集桥梁在行车荷载作用下的加速度响应信号;然后,对加速度响应信号进行提升小波变换,分别利用加速度响应信号、加速度响应信号差,提升小波变换系数空间变化的峰值识别损伤位置;最后,对行车速度、损伤位置、损伤程度和测量噪声对损伤识别效果的影响进行了分析讨论。结果表明：在行车速度8m/s以下、测量噪声不高于5%情况下,利用运营荷载作用下桥梁单点动力响应信号提升小波变换,可以实现桥梁多处损伤的检测和识别。     

多层空心砌块房屋混凝土结构抗震性测试研究

为了研究多层空心砌块房屋混凝土结构抗震性测试,按照1∶5缩尺比例建造空心砌块房屋混凝土结构模型进行抗震性测试实验。根据实际原型参数遵从相似理论的要求选择模型参数,通过电液伺服加载装置和液压千斤顶加载水平、垂直方向荷载,对所建造模型进行动力特性测试、地震反应分析、结构最大地震反应以及位移响应进行了实例分析。结果表明,随着破坏程度加大,模型结构自振频率随之减小,阻尼比随之增大;有芯柱多层空心砌块房屋模型的抗震效果较强;强震状态下,结构动力特性变化较大,破坏层聚集了房屋结构的最大反应;当加速度为125 cm/s时,结构最大位移为2.73 mm,低于规范值,模型结构具备一定延性。     

Unsupervised fuzzy neural network structural active pulse controller

Applying active control systems to civil engineering structures subjected to dynamic loading has received increasing interest. This study proposes an active pulse control model, termed unsupervised fuzzy neural network structural active pulse controller (UFN‐SAP controller), for controlling civil engineering structures under dynamic loading. The proposed controller combines an unsupervised neural network classification (UNC) model, an unsupervised fuzzy neural network (UFN) reasoning model, and an active pulse control strategy. The UFN‐SAP controller minimizes structural cumulative responses during earthquakes by applying active pulse control forces determined via the UFN model based on the clusters, classified through the UNC model, with their corresponding control forces. Herein, we assume that the effect of the pulses on structure is delayed until just before the next sampling time so that the control force can be calculated in time, and applied. The UFN‐SAP controller also averts the difficulty of obtaining system parameters for a real structure for the algorithm to allow active structural control. Illustrative examples reveal significant reductions in cumulative structural responses, proving the feasibility of applying the adaptive unsupervised neural network with the fuzzy classification approach to control civil engineering structures under dynamic loading. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dual compensation strategy for real‐time hybrid testing

Real‐time hybrid testing is an experimental technique for evaluating the dynamic responses of structural systems under seismic loading. Servo‐hydraulic actuators, by nature, induce inevitable time delay between the command and the achieved displacements. This delay would lead to incorrect test results and even cause instability of the system; therefore, delay compensation is critical for stability and accuracy of hybrid simulations of structural dynamic response. In this paper, a dual delay compensation strategy is proposed by a combination of a phase lead compensator and a restoring force compensator. An outer‐loop feed‐forward phase lead compensator is derived by introducing the inverse model in the z domain. The adaptive law based on the gradient algorithm is used to estimate the system delay in the format of parametric model during the test. It is shown mathematically that the parameter in the delay estimator is guaranteed to converge. The restoring force compensator is adopted to improve the accuracy of experimental results especially when the structure is subjected to high frequency excitations. Finally, analytical simulations of an inelastic SDOF structure are conducted to investigate the feasibility of the proposed strategy. The accuracy of the dual compensation strategy is demonstrated through several shaking table tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特殊土动力学的发展战略与展望

在我国广泛分布的特殊土(包括黄土、冻土、新近堆积土和膨胀土等)具有独特、复杂的动力学性质和较高的致灾性,与之相关的动力学问题已成为工程界关注的焦点。本文在回顾特殊土动力学发展历史、近年来国内外主要研究进展及其发展趋势的基础上,展望了未来该研究领域的发展战略,提出了今后应重点发展的研究方向与课题。     

Principal axes of M-DOF structures Part II: Dynamic loading

This paper is the second in a two-part series that discusses the principal axes of M-DOF structures subjected to static and dynamic loads. The primary purpose of this series is to understand the magnitude of the dynamic response of structures to enable better design of structures and response modification devices/systems. Under idealized design conditions, the structural responses are obtained by using single direction input ground motions in the direction of the intended response modification devices/systems, and by assuming that the responses of the structure is decoupleable in three mutually perpendicular directions. This standard practice has been applied to both new and retrofitted structures using various seismic protective systems. Very limited information is available on the effects of neglecting the impact of directional couplings (cross effects of which torsion is a component) of the dynamic response of structures. In order to quantify such effects, it is necessary to examine the principal axes of structures under both static and dynamic loading. In this two-part series, the first paper is concerned with static loading, which provides definitions and fundamental formulations, with the conclusion that cross effects of a statically loaded M-DOF structure resulting from the lack of principal axes are of insignificant magnitude. However, under dynamic or earthquake loading, a relatively small amount of energy transferred across perpendicular directions is accumulated, which may result in significant enlargement of the structural response. This paper deals with a formulation to define the principal axes of M-DOF structures under dynamic loading and develops quantitative measures to identify cross effects resulting from the non-existence of principal axes.     

Principal axes of M-DOF structures Part Ⅱ: Dynamic loading

This paper is the second in a two-part series that discusses the principal axes of M-DOF structures subjected to static and dynamic loads. The primary purpose of this series is to understand the magnitude of the dynamic response of structures to enable better design of structures and response modification devices/systems. Under idealized design conditions, the structural responses are obtained by using single direction input ground motions in the direction of the intended response modification devices/systems, and by assuming that the responses of the structure is decoupleable in three mutually perpendicular directions. This standard practice has been applied to both new and retrofitted structures using various seismic protective systems. Very limited information is available on the effects of neglecting the impact of directional couplings (cross effects of which torsion is a component) of the dynamic response of structures. In order to quantify such effects, it is necessary to examine the principal axes of structures under both static and dynamic loading. In this two-part series, the first paper is concerned with static loading, which provides definitions and fundamental formulations, with the conclusion that cross effects of a statically loaded M-DOF structure resulting from the lack of principal axes are of insignificant magnitude. However, under dynamic or earthquake loading, a relatively small amount of energy transferred across perpendicular directions is accumulated, which may result in significant enlargement of the structural response. This paper deals with a formulation to define the principal axes of M-DOF structures under dynamic loading and develops quantitative measures to identify cross effects resulting from the non-existence of principal axes.     

三向地震模拟振动台竖向激振系统分析

我国自行设计的三向大型地震模型振动台的竖向激振系统采用动态激振系统与静力平行系统一体的结构方案，静力平衡系统采用压力闭环控制构成了动态激振缸的加载系统，本文以带有随机干扰的激振系统模型为基础，对这种具有加载系统的多自由度系统进行了分析和仿真研究。     

导线覆冰大跨越输电塔-线体系动力特性分析

大跨越输电塔-线体系对导线覆冰等环境荷载反应敏感,容易发生动态倒塌破坏。目前对线路覆冰下输电塔的振动问题虽然取得了一定的研究成果,但是线路覆冰下输电塔的动力特性规律尚需进一步研究。本文以实际工程为例,建立了大跨越输电塔-线体系数值分析模型,分析了导线划分精度对输电塔-线体系动力特性的影响,并在此基础上分析了导线覆冰对输电塔-线体系动力特性的影响。研究结果表明：导线划分精度对输电塔振动影响较大;导线覆冰不仅影响输电塔振动频率,而且对输电塔振型也有较大影响,尤其是对输电塔横担的振动影响更大。     

Linearization of rigid body dynamics on frictional interfaces under harmonic loading

The non-linear dynamic response of the rigid block is linearized by means of a friction model that implicitly considers block response through an experimental parameter obtained from shaking table experiments. In view of the great difficulty in carrying out shaking table experiments, in this technical note some recommendations to estimate friction model parameters are given. The selection of parameters considers the sliding response mode of the block–plane-excitation system: stick–slip or continuous sliding. Once all the friction parameters and block response mode were estimated, a methodology was proposed to compute rigid block dynamic response. The numerical results were then compared to actual experimental data for a rigid block sliding on a geotextile–wood interface, along an inclined plane subjected to base harmonic acceleration. Experiments were carried out for both the stick–slip and the continuous sliding modes. Computed and measured responses for both cases showed good agreement, thus indicating that the methodology developed in this research is adequate to capture the physics (of non-linear nature) of rigid blocks sliding on frictional interfaces subjected to complex harmonic loading. The findings encourage the extension of the linearization technique to the more general seismic loading case.     

基于复振型分解的多自由度非线性体系动力可靠性研究

提出了基于复模态理论的多自由度非线性体系动力可靠性分析方法。该方法首先采用等效线性化的方法处理体系的非线性问题,然后采用复模态分析处理非经典的等效线性阻尼矩阵,将具有非经典阻尼的等效多自由度线性体系按复振型分解,将多自由度体系的随机反应分解为一系列一阶体系的复模态反应,从而求得体系的随机反应,最后进行体系的动力可靠度计算。通过算例验证,表明该方法概念明确、思路清晰,为一般多自由度非线性体系提供了一个普遍适用的动力可靠性分析方法。     

刚度突变MDOF体系动力损伤识别

在结构损伤识别中,损伤发生的时间、损伤定位及损伤程度是三个核心问题。本文利用HHT方法结合经验遗传-单纯形算法分析刚度突变MDOF体系在地震波输入下结构的动力损伤识别问题,并以刚度突变4DOF结构体系在ELCentro地震波输入下结构动力特性识别为例进行了讨论。通过Fourier变换得到了结构损伤后的自振频率,利用HHT方法识别出结构损伤发生的时间,在此基础上运用经验遗传-单纯形算法识别出结构损伤后的刚度,从而确定了损伤的程度。