我国农村发展地域差异及类型划分

与我国区域经济发展空间分异规律一样，作为区域发展重要组成部分的农村经济也存在明显的空间差异。该文采用泰勒（Theil)区域不平衡指数分析了改革开放以来我国农村经济发展状况。研究表明我国的农村发展存在着明显的东中西三大地带性差异。其中以非农产业的差距最大，这种差异在1993年以前处于不断扩大的趋势，之后，经济总量的差距趋于缩小，但农民收入水平的差距继续扩大，为了反映不同地区农村发展更深层次的差异。笔者进一步提出了农村发展评估指标体系，并根据该指标体系采用层聚类法将全国划分为六大农村地域经济类型，总结分析了不同农村地域类型的特点及地域差异的形成原因。     

环渤海地区城镇化与农村协调发展的时空特征

城镇化是区域发展的必然趋势,探究城镇化过程中农村发展响应对于理解城乡关系、区域城镇化以及农村发展具有重要的指导意义。本文着力构建城镇化与农村发展评价指标体系以揭示环渤海地区城镇化与农村发展时空格局,并探究二者的协调特征。结果表明:1环渤海地区城镇化与农村发展均存在明显的空间差异,二者高低值空间分布不完全吻合,农村发展差距整体上小于城镇化差距;2城镇化能在一定程度上推动农村发展,但随着城镇化水平提升,二者协调程度下降,农村发展分异加大;3协调分析需要紧密结合城镇化与农村发展状态,三者空间分布存在多种耦合情形。认为新型城镇化背景下,统筹城乡发展需要着力打破城乡二元管理体制,创新城镇化与农村发展协调机制;应着力凸显地域主体功能,加强不同功能区间的协同;宜依托区域自身禀赋特征,探索契合当地特色的城镇化道路。     

我国城镇化与农村发展耦合协调时空特征及机制

构建城镇化和农村发展水平评价指标体系以揭示我国城镇化和农村发展水平格局,并通过建立耦合协调度模型探究二者协调程度的时空演变,探讨城镇化和农村耦合协调发展机制。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年,我国东西部城镇化水平存在明显差异,城镇化整体水平有所提升,但区域之间差距逐渐拉大,农村发展水平不断提高,其变化幅度没有城镇化剧烈,但仍存在显著的区域差异。(2)2000年以来我国城镇化和农村发展耦合协调度显著提升,区域之间差距有逐步缩小的趋势,东部沿海地区耦合协调度较高,西部地区整体较低,我国城镇化和农村发展耦合协调格局已初步形成。(3)以要素→结构→功能为主线分析了城镇化和农村耦合协调发展机制,要素耦合、结构耦合和功能耦合是城镇化和农村发展耦合协调的3个表现层次。     

中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素

工业化、城镇化、信息化与农业现代化（简称“四化”） 是促进城乡统筹和区域发展的现实需要与战略导向。本文着力构建综合评价指标体系以揭示我国地级区域四化协调发展的空间格局,借助空间计量经济模型探讨四化协调发展的影响因素,结合相关分析探讨四化协调指数与区域发展主要指标的关联关系,建立识别方法开展基于四化发展状态的问题区域识别研究。结果表明：四化各自发展水平、综合指数、耦合度、协调度均存在明显的空间差异;四化协调发展水平越高,区域经济发展水平和农村发展水平越高,而城乡居民的收入差距和消费差距越低;社会经济、交通区位及自然地理类要素对四化协调状况有不同程度的影响,尤以农业和农村的社会投资、财政投入及金融支持,以及大中型企业发展、道路基础设施建设、居民消费等因素对四化协调发展的影响更为稳健而积极;识别出四化发展存在若干问题的7 类计145 个地市,主要分布在中部传统农区、西南山地丘陵区和青藏高原区。在城乡转型发展新时期,推进四化协调发展既需要共性制度创新,还需要针对问题区域及其区域问题研制区域政策,有必要继续加大对农业农村的社会投资、财政投入与金融扶持力度,积极扩大内需,优化外向型经济发展战略,提升城镇投资和教育投资的效率。     

1991-2010年我国旅游外汇收入省际差异的演变分析

以我国大陆31个省级行政区为基本单元,分析1991-2010年各省份旅游外汇收入水平的时空演变特征.研究结果表明:①各省份国际旅游收入的绝对差异呈快速扩大态势,虽然相对差异总体呈逐渐缩小趋势,但下降幅度较小;②各省份国际旅游收入发展存在严重的两极分化现象,两极绝对收入差距在扩大,相对收入差距在缩小;③国际旅游收入地域空间集聚态势明显,高收入省份全部集中在东部沿海地区.在此基础上,从旅游资源禀赋、目的地可达性、对外开放水平及区域经济发展水平等方面,对我国入境旅游发展区域差异及空间格局的成因进行了系统深入的分析,提出了加快我国中西部地区入境旅游发展、促进区域旅游协调发展的对策建议.     

陕西省区域经济增长差异分析

分别测算了改革开放以来陕西省三大地带(关中、陕南、陕北)、地级行政区域和县级行政区域3个不同层次的陕西省区域经济增长差异,并进行了比较分析.认为1978～2004年间,不论是绝对差异还是相对差异,陕西省区域经济增长差异都呈逐年扩大的变化态势,并表现出不同的阶段性特征;而且区域空间划分得越小(地域空间单元越小),所体现出的差异程度越大.     

成渝地区城镇化质量测度及空间差异分析

基于对城镇化质量内涵的理解,从人口、经济、社会、基础设施、生态、空间发展、发展效率、城乡统筹8个方面构建城镇化质量评价指标体系,运用熵值法对2014年成渝地区13个城市城镇化质量进行测度,采用协调度模型对成渝地区城镇化水平与质量的协调状况进行评价,应用典型相关分析探讨成渝地区的区域差异。结果表明:成渝地区城镇化质量整体不高;区域内各城市城镇化质量综合得分差距明显,空间差异显著。在此基础上,采用聚类分析法将成渝地区13个城市划分为四大类型区:高质量类型区、质量较高区、质量一般地区、质量较低区。成渝地区的城镇化水平与质量协调度地域差异较大,整体水平较低。经济、人口、基础设施是成渝地区城镇化质量空间差异的主要影响因素。     

基于不同地貌单元的江西省区域经济差异研究

江西省国土分别由山地、丘陵和平原组成,不同的地貌类型为各区域带来不同的发展条件,形成区域内和区域间的经济发展差距.在进行全省区域经济差距总体分析和区域经济差异分析的基础上,用锡尔系数对江西省区域经济差异按地貌单元进行空间分解,揭示不同地貌条件下区域经济发展差异形成的原因和基本规律,为江西统筹区域发展服务.     

跨国公司在华R&D机构的空间集聚研究

跨国公司RD全球化的实质是RD资源的全球配置与RD功能的空间扩张,它有着深刻的地理意义与充分的空间表现,因此引起了地理学家的热烈讨论。通过全国范围内外资RD活动的统计调查及对近百家机构的深度访谈,在对已有的研究视角进行分析归类的基础上,分别以区域、省份及城市为基地地域单元,系统考察了外资在华RD的空间分布及其变动趋势。发现我国外资RD机构的空间分布极不均衡,地区差距非常大,形成了三大明显的地理集中区,且高度聚集在少数全国性或区域性经济中心城市。行业上的空间差异也十分显著,不同行业的外资RD区位重点不同,不同母国外资RD的行业空间分布也存在差异。其空间变动则呈现出区域范围不断拓展、核心区域向长三角地区集中以及"R"高度集中而"D"趋向分散的态势。     

中国城乡转型背景下农业综合区划研究——以106国道沿线典型样带区为例

在逐一考察和判断106国道沿线典型样带区农业发展现状和地域分异的形成条件及其主导因素基础上,构建了农业地域类型划分指标体系,利用研究区农村社会经济数据和土地利用数据,首先,采用层次分析、SOFM分析与聚类分析相结合的方法,将研究区划分为8个农业地域类型区。其次,界定农业地域多功能类型,从农产品供给功能、就业与社会保障功能、生态保育功能及休闲与文化传承功能等多维角度,构建农业地域多功能分区指标体系,并结合区位特征将研究区划分为8个主导功能亚区。最后,将农业地域类型划分结果与农业地域功能分区结果进行耦合与叠加,获得了106国道沿线典型样带区农业综合区划方案,并就综合区划方案的发展方向和不同类型区域发展策略进行了深入探讨。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)