南京大学太阳塔CCD成像光谱观测系统和初步观测结果

本文介绍南京大学太阳塔的ＣＣＤ成像光谱观测系统的结构，工作方式，给出了该系统的一些性能测试结果，作为应用该系统的实例，文中给出了根据该系统观测的二维光谱资料，经处理得到的一个Ｈａ耀斑在线心和不同偏带处单色像的变化过程，该耀斑的亮度场轮廓图和速度场轮廓图。     

二维太阳光谱观测方法和技术

经典的太阳光谱观测是一维的，它有很大的局限性。从５０年代起，天文工作者采用多种方法开展二维太阳光谱观测，已经研制出一系列仪器，建立完整的资料归算程序，取得优良成果。在二维观测资料的基础上，用理论方法推出深度分布，可以得出三维的立体图像，这会成为太阳研究的主要方法之一。     

紫台多通道红外成像光谱仪

紫台多波段光谱仪近年在Ｈｅ Ⅰ１０８３０ 波区相继研制了一维Ｒｅｔｉｃｏｎ 和ＣＣＤ 相机的探测系统,现又建成了用二个ＣＣＤ 相机能在Ｈｅ Ⅰ１０８３０ 和Ｃａ Ⅱ８５４２／Ｈα同时作两维成像光谱观测的系统。文中简要介绍了它的结构和取得的初步观测结果     

近邻星系恒星形成区光谱观测研究

近年来随着国际8~10 m口径望远镜数目的不断增加,4 m及以下口径望远镜已成为中小型望远镜.如何利用中、小口径望远镜做出有影响的科学成果,须做到"有所为,有所不为".为此,自2013年开始针对国家天文台2.16 m望远镜推出了重点课题支持计划.介绍的"近邻星系恒星形成区光谱观测研究"为2.16 m望远镜支持的3个重点课题之一.它将利用2.16 m望远镜3 yr、每年30个暗夜或灰夜的观测时间,开展20个近邻、大星系中多个恒星形成区、平行星系主轴方向和垂直主轴方向的光谱观测,获得一个有显示度的、科学意义重要的近邻星系恒星形成区和径向分布的光谱样本.同时该课题还利用6.5 m多镜面望远镜(MMT)的观测时间,开展近邻、特大星系的恒星形成区的光谱观测.利用2.16 m望远镜和MMT望远镜观测得到的星系不同区域的光谱数据,结合已有的紫外、光学、红外波段宽带滤光片数据和BATC(Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut)15个中带滤光片数据,可开展星系尘埃消光、恒星形成率、金属丰度和星族特性二维分布等方面的研究;开展星系二维特性和星系形态、星系环境关系的研究.将介绍这个重点课题的科学意义、星系样本的选取、光谱观测策略和星系NGC 2403的光谱观测和初步研究结果.     

1991年7月11日墨西哥日全食红外光谱观测及初步结果

本文概念１９９１年７月１日日全食是中国日食观测队在墨西ＬａＰａｚ所作的红外光谱观测情况及得到的初步结果，观测是用一强光力望远镜和一中小色散的光谱仪，配以ＣＣＤ摄象机，图象处理器，微机等组成的探测系统进行的，日全食时，在λ１０７１２－１０９７２Ａ波区共摄得极上层光球和色球的无缝光谱４１帧，日面外约１．０９６Ｒ。处的有缝光谱３５帧。文中还介绍了拍和的色球，日珥资料概况。     

1989年8月17日太阳边缘耀斑和速度场研究

本文云南天文台二维光谱仪观测的１９８９年８月１７日耀斑的Ｈβ波 段光谱资料，采用多云模型的方法，得到此耀斑的观测视向速度分布，并在一定的简化和假设下，采用ＭＨＤ理论计算了几种情况下光耀斑环内物质运动的视向速度分布，与观测的视向速度分布加以比较，研究和探讨耀斑环中的物质运动情况。     

1991年7月11日墨西哥日全食红外光谱观测及初步结果

本文概述１９９１年７月１１日日全食时中国日食观测队在墨西哥ＬａＰａｚ所作的近红外光谱观测情况及得到的初步结果。观测是用一强光力望远镜和一中小色散的光谱仪，配以ＣＣＤ摄象机、图象处理器、微机等组成的探测系统进行的。日全食时，在λ１０７１２－１０９７２波区共摄得极上层光球和色球的无缝光谱４１帧。日面外约１．０９６Ｒ处的有缝光谱３５帧。文中还介绍了拍得的色球、日珥资料概况。     

一个亚耀斑的HeI 10830A二维光谱观测

本文介绍了１９９３年１２月２９日一个ＳＦ／Ｃ１．９耀斑过程的ＨｅＩ１０８３０Ａ的二维光谱观测和资料的初步分析，主要结果如下：（１）在直接拼出的ＨｅＩ １０８３０Ａ单色象上未发现有Ｒｕｓｔ提出的强度超过连续谱的耀斑亮点，但在剩余强度图上的确发现有四个小区相对周围变亮，其强度在耀斑爆发过程中有明显变化；（２）所有ＨｅＩ １０８３０Ａ“亮区”均落在Ｈα耀斑亮区内，反之则不一定有对应；（３）ＨｅＩ １０８     

分光仪PSP0的光学设计

本文介绍棱镜分光光度仪ＰＳＰ０的光学设计结果。ＰＳＰ０以ＴＨ７８３２双线ＣＣＤ作为系统探测器，可同时观测０．３６５－１．０微米波长范围内的天体及周转背景的低色散光谱。仪器的入射焦比为Ｆ／１８，平均光谱分辨率约为１０ｎｍ。本文简单介绍了ＰＳＰ０的光学调整，并给出了波长校正实验和配备名古屋大学５０公分望远镜进行试观测的结果。设计和实验结果表明，光学设计很好地满足了天文课题对仪器的设计要求，ＰＳＰ０已可     

CCD光谱的IRAF和FITS格式转换

美国国立光学天文台的ＩＲＡＦ软件系统，已成为国内光谱处理的主要计算机软件之一。由射电天文需要发展起来的ＦＩＴＳ格式，已作为国际上交换磁带数据资料的通用格式。本文简单地介绍了ＦＩＴＳ格式，讨论了如何将厚片ＣＣＤ光谱观测资料转换为ＩＲＡＦ图像，继而转换为标准ＦＩＴＳ格式，这对于使用ＩＲＡＦ系统进行光谱处理，以及国内国际间的资料交换是有用的。     

类太阳活动星的X射线观测与研究进展

扼要介绍了类太阳恒星星晚射线辐射的研究历史,综述了Ｘ射线辐射与恒星参量的关系,并对星冕的加热机制作了介绍。类太阳恒星的Ｘ射线辐射与表面磁场有关,因此测定晚型星表面的磁场很重要。     

Observations and Research on the Solar Radio Spectrum at Yunnan Observatory

Ｏｕｒｍｅｔｅｒｗａｖｅｓｏｌａｒｒａｄｉｏａｃｏｕｓｔｏ -ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｇｒａｐｈ(ＡＯＳ)ｔｒａｃｅｓｂａｃｋｔｏｔｈｅｙｅａｒ 1 979ｗｈｅｎｉｔｗａｓｂｅｉｎｇｂｕｉｌｔ.ＴｈｅＡＯＳｃｏｖｅｒｓａｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｒａｎｇｅｏｆ 2 30～ 30 0ＭＨｚ .Ｉｔｈａｓｔｈｅｍｅｒｉｔｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｇｏｏｄｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ .Ｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ( 0 2 5ＭＨｚ)ｄｅ ｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓ…     

Energy Spectra of Accelerated Solar Protons From Different Sources – I. Reconstruction and Properties of the Source Spectrum

It is widely accepted now that a significant fraction of the solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed at 1 AU after major solar flares are actually accelerated at a CME-driven shock. In addition, in the emerging new paradigm for SEP acceleration in different sources at or near the Sun, the existence of two types of flares – impulsive and gradual – is recognized. Within this concept, it is tempting also to separate SEPs into two groups – interacting and escaping – and to derive their 'source spectra' from observational data on various flare emissions (protons, gamma rays, neutrons, etc.). By different techniques, those spectra have been reconstructed for 80 solar proton events (SPE) in 1949–1991. In this paper, all available data on the source spectra of solar protons are summarized and revised. We discuss in detail existing uncertainties in the derived spectral indexes, consider other methodological problems involved in this study, and suggest several possible lines for the future investigations of solar flares and SCRs using the source spectrum data. It is noted that some peculiarities of the spectra, for instance, spectral steepening for high energies, may be characteristic of large events of the 23 February 1956 type.     

Cometary charge exchange diagnostics in UV and X‐ray

Since the initial discovery of cometary charge exchange emission, more than 20 comets have been observed with a variety of X‐ray and UV observatories. This observational sample offers a broad variety of comets, solar wind environments and observational conditions. It clearly demonstrates that solar wind charge exchange emission provides a wealth of diagnostics, which are visible as spatial, temporal, and spectral emission features. We review the possibilities and limitations of each of those in this contribution (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

太阳活动区冕环若干研究进展

日冕加热是太阳物理中一个基本问题。随着一批高性能仪器（如TRACE、SOHO、Yohkoh）投入观测，作为太阳日冕中一种基本结构的冕环，其观测资料日益丰富。冕环加热是日冕加热的一个重要组成部分，越来越得到人们的重视。在简要介绍冕环最新观测和研究进展后，以其一维模型为基础，着重讨论了现有冕环加热结构和加热机制的研究进展。     

Wavelet Decomposition of Submillimeter Solar Radio Bursts

We present the results of wavelet decomposition of fast-time structures during four solar flares observed by the Solar Submillimeter-wave Telescope at 212 GHz. The result of the analysis shows (1) observational evidence on the existence of submm-emission time variations in the range from a few tens of millisecond up to few seconds during solar flares, and (2) that when a solar flare is in progress the time scales reduce as the bulk of the emission flux time variations is increasing.     

Low‐frequency heliographic observations of the quiet Sun corona

We present new results of heliographic observations of quiet‐Sun radio emission fulfilled by the UTR‐2 radio telescope. The solar corona investigations have been made close to the last solar minimum (Cycle 23) in the late August and early September of 2010 by means of the two‐dimensional heliograph within 16.5–33 MHz. Moreover, the UTR‐2 radio telescope was used also as an 1‐D heliograph for one‐dimensional scanning of the Sun at the beginning of September 2010 as well as in short‐time observational campaigns in April and August of 2012. The average values of integral flux density of the undisturbed Sun continuum emission at different frequencies have been found. Using the data, we have determined the spectral index of quiet‐Sun radio emission in the range 16.5–200 MHz. It is equal to –2.1±0.1. The brightness distribution maps of outer solar corona at frequencies 20.0 MHz and 26.0 MHz have been obtained. The angular sizes of radio Sun were estimated. It is found that the solar corona at these frequencies is stretched‐out along equatorial direction. The coefficient of corona ellipticity varies slightly during above period. Its mean magnitudes are equal to ≈ 0.75 and ≈ 0.73 at 20.0 MHz and 26.0 MHz, respectively. The presented results for continuum emission of solar corona conform with being ones at higher frequencies. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

太阳大气中磁重联的MHD数值模拟

回顾了近３０年太阳大气中磁重联过程的ＭＨＤ数值模拟工作取得的进展。着重描述了在验证理论模型,解释观测现象,以及研究各种因素对重联的影响三个方面的成果,如快速磁重联,太阳耀斑机制及色球,日冕中的各种爆发现象等。指出了在数值模拟中应注意的几个问题,并对该领域今后的发展作了简要的展望。     

Theoretical Ne VI/Mg VI line diagnostics for SUMER

Theoretical Nevi/Mgvi EUV line emissivity ratios, suitable for density-measurements in various solar features such as active regions, sunspots, umbrae and flare plasmas and to be observed in the SUMER spectral range, are presented and their applications discussed with the help of available observational data.