塔中地区石炭系生屑灰岩段成岩层序地层学

以塔中地区石炭系生屑灰岩段为研究对象,进行了成岩层序地层学研究.依据钻井、测井等多种资料将生屑灰岩段划分为1个三级层序,识别出了海侵体系域和高位体系域,低位体系域在研究区不发育,确定了海侵体系域为开阔碳酸盐岩台地沉积,高位体系域为带障壁海岸的潮坪沉积.分别从准同生白云岩化作用、大气淡水溶蚀作用和海底胶结作用3个方面对成...     

歧口凹陷沙河街组一段层序格架和储层质量分析

层序地层格架与储层质量之间具有明显的关联,不同沉积体系域具有不同的岩性组合,经历了不同的成岩过程,造成了储层质量差异。本文综合利用地质和地球物理资料,以歧口凹陷沙一段为研究对象,重点讨论了沙一段层序地层格架、成岩演化和储层质量之间的关系,指出沙一段可划分成三个三级层序,每个层序均发育低位、湖侵和高位体系域。低位和高位体系域多发育三角洲和水下扇成因的砂砾岩,这些沉积砂砾岩目前处于成岩演化的中期。受原始沉积环境和成岩环境等因素的影响,不同沉积体系的储层质量存在明显的不同。高位体系域多发育三角洲和重力流成因的、相对较粗的砂砾岩,加之埋深相对较浅,所以相对于低位体系域储层来说,具有较好的储层质量。最后,依据层序格架、沉积类型和成岩作用综合研究,指出歧北次凹沙一段储层的储集物性比歧南次凹好,沙一上层序的储层物性比沙一下层序和沙一中层序的好,从而评价预测了沙一段有利储层的空间分布。     

碳酸盐岩成岩作用与层序地层学关系研究：以鄂尔多斯盆地赛武系为例

本文从准同生成岩作用,成岩作用类型及其强度,成岩环境演化等方面探讨了成岩作用与海平面升降,层序地层学的关系,研究指出,准同生期成岩作用反映海平面和升降,层序界面的形成最敏感;成岩作用的类型及其在成岩强度反映了海平面升降幅度,层序边界的类型：体系域的演化控制了成岩环境的演化,不同的体系域其成岩作用类型及其组合不同。     

碳酸盐准同生成岩作用分析在层序地层研究中的意义

碳酸盐准同生成岩作用是当今碳酸盐研究的一个新领域。由于它客观地记录了沉积物沉积之后、埋藏以前的演化历程，因此可以敏感地反映海平面升降变化过程，以帮助识别地层层序和层序界面、本文从准同生成岩序列、成岩作用类型两个方面对陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域、高水位体系域及Ⅰ、Ⅱ型层序界面的成岩特征进行了探讨。     

碳酸盐岩成岩作用与层序地层学关系研究--以鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系为例

本文从准同生成岩作用、成岩作用类型及其强度、成岩环境演化等方面探讨了成岩作用与海平面升降、层序地层学的关系。研究指出,准同生期成岩作用反映海平面升降、层序界面的形成最敏感;成岩作用的类型及其成岩强度反映了海平面升降幅度、层序边界的类型：体系域的演化控制了成岩环境的演化,不同的体系域其成岩作用类型及其组合不同。成岩作用研究在白云岩地层中对层序边界及其类型的识别、体系域的划分具有重要的意义。     

中上扬子地区碳酸盐岩储层发育分布规律及主控因素

以构造一层序地层学理论和动态演化现为指导,对中上扬子区震旦纪-中三叠世储层发育分布规律进行新一轮的分析,认为纵向上碳酸盐岩储层与层序格架发育具有良好的对应关系,即对应于全球二级海平面变化旋回中的高水位体系域;储层非均质性强;下古生界以溶蚀、岩溶、白云化和构造缝形成的次生孔隙为主要储集空间,上古生界原生孔和次生孔均为储集空间.横向上层序格架内储层发育和分布的有利区域具有差异性;优质储层多发育于潮坪、缓坡、岩溶斜坡和台内、台缘礁滩环境中,且与白云化作用、溶蚀作用、岩溶作用和构造改造作用密切相关;上二叠统-中三叠统储层分布在纵横向上均具有特殊性.综合分析认为层序地层格架控制了碳酸盐岩储层发育和分布规律,即主要储层的发育与全球二级海平面升降旋回中的高位期具有明显的一致性,而且二级海平面旋回中的三级海侵旋回也为有利区域性储层发育的层位;海退旋回的晚期有利于古岩溶型的碳酸盐岩储层发育,而海侵旋回的初期-早期,有利于台地边缘或台内滨外滩的碳酸盐岩储层发育;层序格架中的高能沉积环境、有利的岩溶和成岩环境,以及构造复合作用是形成优质储层的主控因素.     

陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组层序沉积有机相特征及其烃源岩分布

沉积有机相是具有相似沉积环境、生物组合、成岩环境、氧化-还原条件以及相近有机质特征的地层单元,其分布受沉积盆地中层序地层格架所控制。因此,层序沉积有机相分析可成为确定和预测烃源岩分布的一种有效工具。本文采用层序地层分析与沉积有机相分析相结合的方法,将陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组划分为三个层序,并探讨了每个层序中沉积有机相的分布特征。研究表明,沉积有机相在层序地层格架中的分布呈显出一定的规律性,在盆地西部及南部的较深水层序中,沉积有利相类型主要为开阔台地C相,在垂向上变化不大,有机碳含量为 0.0 8%～ 0.1 8%。在盆地中部浅水层序中,海侵体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为开阔台地C相及局限台地D相,有机碳含量为 0.1 2 %～ 0.2 5 %,而高位体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为局限台地D相和蒸发台地E相,有机碳含量为 0.1 7%～ 0.49%,反映出盆地中部浅水层序中的高位体系域是烃源岩分布的最有利地带。     

西藏羌塘盆地东部中侏罗统混合沉积层序地层学研究

西藏羌塘盆地东部中侏罗统广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的混合沉积。综合前人研究成果,结合区域地质资料和室内样品分析,本文对陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩及混积层系,混合层序地层进行了详细研究。研究结果表明,混合沉积在微观上表现为陆源碎屑与碳酸盐沉积物组分的混积岩,宏观上则表现为陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩相互叠加的混积层系,发育滨岸、碳酸盐岩缓坡、潮坪-溻湖、三角洲等沉积体系。运用层序地层学原理将中侏罗统划分为SQ1-SQ4四个三级层序,提高了研究区层序地层划分精度;探讨了混合沉积与层序地层的对应关系。总体上看,以陆源碎屑沉积为主的沉积背景下,混合沉积主要发育在海侵体系域的早期和高位体系域的晚期。以碳酸盐沉积为主的沉积背景下,混合沉积主要发育在海侵体系域的早期和高位体系域的晚期。     

高频层序格架内礁型微地貌特征及其控储机理 ——以塔中东部地区上奥陶统为例

塔中东部地区发育上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩相碳酸盐岩是油气产出的主力产区。为了揭示层序地层格架特征及其内部沉积微地貌特征对礁滩体储层的控制机理,本文通过对岩石学、沉积微相、古生物、测井相研究,建立了上奥陶统良里塔格组高频层序地层格架,可划分为11个四级层序和多个五级层序。研究区良三段—良二段以高位体系域垂向持续加积作用为主,是礁(丘)、滩组合镶边沉积的主要发育期,一个四级层序内可发育一个至多个礁滩体沉积微地貌旋回,礁型微地貌发育规模及厚度受海平面升降次级旋回和构造沉降控制。通过对良三段—良二段高位体系域成岩组构和成岩环境分析,认为受同生岩溶作用所形成的大气成岩透镜体主要发育在高频层序向上变浅旋回的顶部和微地貌高处。同一层序内沉积微地貌隆起和海平面相对升降变化所控制的暴露作用,以及同生期大气淡水溶蚀、淋滤作用是控制台缘礁滩体优质储层发育以及层位性和区域差异性的关键因素。集中揭示高频层序格架内微地貌特征及其对礁滩体储层的控制机理,有效指导了塔中东部地区奥陶系礁滩型油气藏勘探开发。     

扬子地块西北缘二叠系-中三叠统层序地层与沉积相展布

扬子地块西北缘二叠系-中三叠统以大套碳酸盐岩地层为主。本文应用碳酸盐岩层序地层学理论和方法,通过地震、露头、岩心和测井资料分析,在二叠系-中三叠统识别出升隆侵蚀不整合面、海侵上超层序不整合面、水下沉积间断层序不整合面、局部暴露层序不整合面等4种沉积层序界面,并将二叠系-中三叠统划分为11个三级层序23个体系域。通过层序地层对比,建立了研究区层序地层格架,在格架内分析了不同体系域的沉积相特征,认为台缘礁滩相和台内滩相为有利储集相带,且前者主要发育于层序Ⅰ的高位体系域(栖霞组),以及层序Ⅴ和层序Ⅵ的海浸体系域(长兴组和飞仙关组)。     

Diagenesis and Diagenetic Evolution of Deltaic and Neritic Gas-Bearing Sandstones in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Implications for Depositional Environments and Sequence Stratigraphy Controls

Gas-bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract (HST) and transgressive systems tract (TST), and deltaic sandstones of the lowstand systems tract (LST) and falling stage systems tract (FSST). Detailed petrographic observations suggest that the diagenetic features and related evolution of these deposits cannot be simply characterized and demonstrated in the depth domain. However, the occurrence of diagenetic minerals systematically depends on the studied interval within the HST, TST, LST, and FSST; therefore, diagenesis in this region can be better constrained when studied in the context of the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphic framework. The eogenetic processes in such settings include: (1) microcrystalline siderite precipitated as concretions in almost all environments and systems tracts, which inhibited further mechanical compaction; (2) grain dissolution and kaolinitization occurred in shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST and FSST sandstones; (3) glaucony was locally observed, which did not clearly reflect the controls of facies or sequence stratigraphy; and (4) cementation by pyrite aggregates occurred in the shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST sandstones. The mesogenetic diagenesis includes: (1) partial conversion of kaolinite into dickite in deltaic LST sandstones, and minor chlorite cementation in deltaic FSST sandstones; (2) transformation of kaolinite into illite and quartz cementation in deltaic LST and FSST sandstones; (3) frequent precipitation of ankerite and ferroan calcite in shoreface TST sandstones and early HST sandstones, forming baffles and barriers for fluid flow, with common calcite in shoreface HST sandstones as a late diagenetic cement; and (4) formation of dawsonite in the deltaic LST and FSST sandstones, which is interpreted to be a product of the invasion of a CO2-rich fluid, and acts as a good indicator of CO2-bearing reservoirs. This study has thus constructed a reliable conceptual model to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations. The results may provide an entirely new conceptual framework and methodology for successful gas exploration in the continental margins of offshore China, thus allowing us to predict and unravel the distribution and quality evolution of clastic reservoirs at a more detailed and reliable scale.     

陆相断陷湖盆层序对成岩演化控制作用探讨——以东营箕状断陷湖盆古近系沙河街组为例

以层序地层研究为基础,根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、镜质体反射率、X衍射及地球化学等分析,对东营凹陷沙河街组层序与成岩的关系进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:不同层序部位具有不同的成岩响应,低位体系域主要发育微晶方解石胶结、硬石膏胶结、黄铁矿胶结等,湖盆扩张体系域主要发育有铁碳酸盐胶结、粘土矿物胶结等;高位体系域主要发育有白云石胶结、铁白云石胶结、溶蚀作用、粘土矿物胶结等;层序界面附近主要发育溶蚀现象和铁碳酸盐岩胶结现象。层序发育过程中,原始水介质条件及元素富集规律是引起早期成岩响应的主要因素,并对早期的成岩物质组分造成强烈影响;讨论了层序对成岩演化的控制作用,主要体现在3个方面:a.层序发育控制了原始成岩组分,进而控制后期成岩改造;b.早期成岩作用对层序发育过程具有一定的响应关系,后期成岩改造掩盖了部分成岩响应;c.层序界面通过河流作用、沉积间断减缓压实作用、后期成岩流体的侵入作用对成岩演化造成影响。     

Integrated diagenesis and sequence stratigraphic study of tidal sandstones: the Adedia Formation (Cambro-Ordovician), Sinai, Egypt

This work examines the different effects meteoric versus marine diagenesis had on Cambro-Ordovician tidal sandstones during episodes of fluctuating sea level. The distribution of diagenetic fabrics was compared to a sequence stratigraphic framework. Initially, a rise in relative sea level (RSL) resulted in deposition of transgressive systems tract sands directly onto crystalline basement. These sandstones display evidence of limited cementation by marine, grain-fringing dogtooth-like and fibrous calcite. A fall in RSL resulted in the progradation of a tidal flat complex and deposition of highstand systems tract (HST) and lowstand systems tract (braided fluvial) sandstones. Contemporaneous meteoric-water flux into sands of all the systems tracts occurred. Sequence boundaries (SB) are marked by fluvial incision of tidal sands and by the development of palaeosols. Meteoric incursion during sea-level lowstands resulted in the dissolution and kaolinitization of feldspars, micas and mud intraclasts in all systems tracts, but is most extensive in HST sandstones below the SB. The effect of meteoric-water flux on the dissolution of marine calcite cements is poorly known. Mesogenetic alterations include intergranular pressure dissolution and formation of variable amounts of syntaxial quartz overgrowths in all systems tracts. Telogenetic alteration (i.e. weathering) in the sandstones includes the formation of goethite and calcite. Thus, the integration of diagenesis with sequence stratigraphy provides a useful tool with which to understand reservoir-quality distribution in sand-dominated, tidal sediments.     

川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素特征及其成因分析

利用微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征对样品有效性作出了检验.在证明样品未受明显蚀变的前提下对川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素进行了分析.在层序地层格架中对比不同体系域、不同岩性的碳、氧同位素特征,87Sr/86Sr比值特征,Z值与古温度特征,分析了碳酸盐岩的成岩环境.低位体系域以膏盐湖及萨巴哈环境为主,炎热干旱,陆源淡...     

Tectono-stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon exploration in the Eocene Southern Lufeng Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

The structural evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the Southern Lufeng Depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea show two second-order sequences (SSQ1 and SSQ2) and nine third-order sequences (WSQ1-5 and ESQ1-4) within the Eocene rift-related successions. Based on integrated interpretations of seismic reflections, well logs and core data, five distinct tectono-stratigraphic patterns are identified: (1) the initial synrift-I sequence (WSQ1) of low tectonic subsidence, overfilled by alluvial fan or fan-delta deposits and volcanic deposits, with no clear systems tracts; (2) the climax synrift-I sequences (WSQ2–4) developed in response to rapid tectonic subsidence, generally consisting of a low-stand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST) and high-stand systems tract (HST); (3) the late synrift-I sequence (WSQ5) characterised by a decreased tectonic subsidence rate, dominated by braided delta, deep and shallow lacustrine sediments, mainly constructed by TST and HST; (4) the early synrift-II sequences (ESQ1–2) rapidly filled by braided deltaic sandstone and mainly composed of TST and HST with less common LST units; and (5) the late synrift-II sequences (ESQ3–4), which are totally filled by braided deltaic system in a shallow-water lake setting, presenting typical imbricate clinoforms or sub-parallel seismic configurations, consisting of only TST and HST components. During the climax stage of synrift-I development, the depositional setting changed from a prominent shallow lake (WSQ2) to a deep-lucustrine with turbiditic deposits (WSQ3) and finally dominated by mostly braided deltaic-shallow lacustrine deposits (WSQ4); the HST occupies an increasing proportion from early to late. Furthermore, the stratigraphic patterns, especially LST units of the climax synrift-I stage, are significantly influenced by topographic variations and slope-break belt types in the hanging dip-slope. This study reveals that the spatial and temporal evolution of lacustrine depositional and stratigraphic patterns were significantly controlled by the interplay of tectonic subsidence and sediment supply, and provides a fundamental basis for predicting the favourable reservoirs and geometry of source rocks related to the general variability of Eocene rift-related tectonic subsidence in the Southern Lufeng Depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Furthermore, the topographic responses of differential active fault-stepped patterns associated with magma intrusions, highlight the variability of relevant sequence architectures in the hanging dip-slope in lacustrine rift basins.     

断陷湖盆陡坡带油气成藏类型及其分布规律探讨

断陷湖盆陡坡带油气生、储、盖层的发育与陆相层序中的体系域具有一定的成因联系,不同的陆相层序样式可构成不同的生、储、盖层组合,综合考虑陆相层序储集体类型及其特征,将断陷湖盆陡坡带油气成藏类型归纳为三大类,八亚类,十种。它们分别是：岩性上倾尖灭,岩性下倾尖灭,岩性透镜体,岩性相变,地层不整合,地层削截,地层超覆,地层退覆,构造－岩性复合,构造－地层复合等油气成藏类型,这些油气成藏类型在断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序各个体系域中的分布具不均衡性,以水进体系域为最,其次为水退休系域和高水位体系域,低水位体系域较少,从陆相层序各体系域中成藏类型的空间展布规律来看,水进体系域是陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带油气勘探的重要目的层段。     

Sequence stratigraphic distribution of diagenetic alterations in coal-bearing, paralic sandstones: evidence from the Rio Bonito Formation (early Permian), southern Brazil

Abstract Linking siliciclastic diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy allows a better understanding of the parameters controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations, and hence of reservoir quality. A study of the coal-bearing, alluvial, deltaic, estuarine and shallow-marine sandstones of the Rio Bonito Formation, early Permian, Paraná Basin (southern Brazil), reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Calcite, dolomite, siderite, kaolinite and pyrite cementation is consistently linked to sequence and parasequence boundaries, transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces and is systematically distributed within lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Diagenesis of coal layers at parasequence boundaries has promoted the formation of stratabound calcite (detectable in resistivity wire line logs), concretionary pyrite and kaolinite and of silicate grain dissolution in sandstones located above and below these boundaries, particularly in the transgressive systems tract. Meteoric water diagenesis caused grain dissolution and the formation of kaolinite in sandstones below sequence boundaries and in lowstand systems tract sandstones. Carbonate bioclasts and low sedimentation rates in lag deposits at parasequence boundaries, transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces favoured the formation of grain-rimming siderite. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of coal-bed methane and other coal-bearing reservoirs, where it is crucial to unravel and predict the distribution and quality of reservoirs and compartments.     

黔南-桂中地区泥盆系层序地层格架中的储集体特征研究

通过对黔南坳陷和桂中坳陷的地层对比和分析,识别出了8种层序界面标志,共划分两个超(二级)层序SS1和SS2,并讨论了各体系域特征。在层序格架中对研究区内的储集体类型进行了总结,主要包括生物礁(滩)储集体、白云岩储集体和缝洞型储集体等3种类型。对层序格架中储集体的成因类型进行了总结归纳:有利的储集体主要有TST礁滩灰岩储集体、HST礁滩灰岩、白云岩储集体。     

Sedimentological sequence and depositional evolutionary model of Lower Triassic carbonate rocks in the South Yellow Sea Basin

Based on well logging and seismic data, combined with a comparative analysis of drilling data in the Lower Yangtze region, the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Qinglong Formation was established and divided into four third-order sequences. Each sequence is mainly composed of the transgress system tract (TST) and the high-stand system tract (HST). According to the lithology, logging curve and seismic reflection structure, the sedimentary filling characteristics and evolution law for the sequence are analyzed. The results show that each sequence is dominated by a half-cycle decline of sea level, and the rise-fall of sea level controls the distribution and evolution of sedimentary systems within the sequence. During the relative sea-level rise, sedimentation rates slow down and muddy sediments are developed. The characteristics of condensing intervals on the flooding surface are very obvious, and continental shelf and open platform deposition are mainly developed. During the relative decline of sea level, the thickness of sediments increased. The main developments were restricted platform and platform shoal environment, and locally developed evaporation platform environment.     

Carbonate Diagenesis Controlled by Glacioeustatic Sea-Level Changes： A Case Study from the Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Section at Xikou, China

The diagenesis of modern and ancient carbonatesedi ments has been widely studied and systematicallyreviewed since the 1960s (e .g. Moore ,2001 ,1989 ;Wang et al ., 1994 , 1991 ; McIlreath and Morrow,1990 ; Tucker and Bathurst , 1990 ; Schneidermannand Harris , 1985 ; Longman, 1980 ; Bathurst ,1975) . With the development of sequence stratigra-phy and its more widespread application, discussionabout the relationship between diagenesis and se-quence stratigraphy/sea-level changes ,as well as…