新型GS固化土与水泥土的力学特性对比研究

GS(Gypsum-Slag)土体硬化剂是一种由水泥、钢渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏及其他外加剂组成的新型土体固化材料。将GS土体硬化剂和水泥两种固化剂固化土作为研究对象,通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验和电镜扫描试验,研究固化土的应力-应变曲线以及土质、固化剂掺量、龄期对固化土力学性能的影响,观察其微观结构,进而对比分析GS土体硬化剂和水泥的特性,并进行现场试验加以验证。研究结果表明:相比水泥土,GS固化土应力-应变曲线存在明显峰值;GS固化土和水泥土的强度均随着掺量和龄期正增长,且GS固化土的长期强度更高;GS固化土和水泥土变形模量分别是其抗压强度的31.11~77.24倍和23.24~71.62倍;GS固化土现场成桩的完整性优于水泥土。相比水泥土,GS固化土具有强度增长快、后期强度高、经济效益好的特点,可较好满足地下工程和路基工程等土体加固应用需求。     

水玻璃基淤泥固化土力学性质试验研究

为解决淤泥固化及其资源化利用的问题,以宁波地区淤泥为研究对象,利用水玻璃基淤泥固化剂制备固化土,通过室内试验、固化机理分析和现场试验研究固化土的力学性质。室内试验给出了无侧限抗压强度和压缩模量随固化剂掺入比改变的规律,并指出存在最佳掺入比为7%;固化机理分析表明随着固化剂掺入比增加,固化土颗粒由鳞片状或条块状向团块状变化,团块体积呈增大趋势,固化土孔隙率小幅增大,中值孔径亦小幅增大,固化土由黏性土向粉土化转变;现场试验取心土样无侧限抗压强度约为室内试验值的70%。结果表明,水玻璃基淤泥固化剂加固淤泥土方案切实可行。     

离子土固化剂固化淤泥的微观机理研究

采用离子土固化剂对武汉典型淤泥进行化学加固,通过阿太堡界限试验获得不同配合比加固土的塑性指数;对离子土固化淤泥前后的样品开展了压缩性能、微观结构、比表面积、化学成分、能谱分析和阳离子交换等试验,研究离子土固化剂对淤泥加固的宏观表现与微观作用机理。试验结果表明:经离子土固化剂处理后的淤泥压缩性减小,孔隙变小,离子土固化剂促使土颗粒之间聚集、凝结,团聚体明显增大,比表面积减小,比表面能降低,土体结构更致密。淤泥固化前后其化学成分并没有发生改变,离子土固化剂与淤泥胶体颗粒表面的反离子层发生了阳离子交换反应,固化剂稀释液中部分K+、Na+离子被淤泥土截获吸附,黏土颗粒表面的Ca2+、Mg2+离子被解析出,使扩散层厚度变薄,ξ电势降低,黏土胶体颗粒聚结,提高了土颗粒之间的联结强度和稳定性,从而达到土壤改性加固的目的。     

考虑固化剂掺量影响的镁质水泥固化土非线性本构模型

为准确描述不同固化剂掺量W_g下镁质水泥固化土的力学特性,通过开展不同W_g下固化土的室内试验,提出了镁质水泥固化土的非线性本构模型。采用新型环保的镁质水泥复合固化剂加固淤泥,并对不同W_g下的镁质水泥固化土进行扫描电镜(SEM)试验、一维压缩试验和不排水三轴试验。结果发现:镁质水泥固化土具有显著的结构性,且随着W_g的增加,结构屈服应力越大,水化产生的胶凝材料增加了土颗粒间的黏结力,水化产物逐渐填充土体孔隙,镁质水泥固化土的应力-应变曲线由加工硬化型逐渐转变为加工软化型。根据试验结果,提出了一个能涵盖固化剂掺量影响并能实现应力-应变关系转型的镁质水泥固化土本构模型。算例验证该本构模型预测结果与试验结果比较吻合,能较好预测任意W_g下镁质水泥固化土的应力-应变关系。     

基于固结-固化复合技术对温州淤泥加固的试验研究

为了对软弱淤泥土进行加固,使之满足工程建设所需的一定承载力,在试验基地采用固结-固化复合技术对淤泥进行加固研究。试验时,将一定厚度淤泥分为浅层固化加固层和深层固结加固层;浅层（≤1 m）淤泥采用固化技术进行加固,使之形成高强度硬壳层;对于深层（＞1 m）淤泥,采用真空预压技术进行加固,以提高深层淤泥的承载力并控制加固土体的后期沉降量。试验结果表明,当固化剂掺量为0.6%～5.0%时,浅层固化淤泥承载力特征值在109～330 kPa;固结-固化复合技术对土体加固效果突出,分层加固土体整体的承载力特征值在89～230 kPa;浅层淤泥经过固化处理后,土体强度较高,对地表荷载起到了明显的扩散作用,有效地减小了地表荷载在下卧层土体中产生的附加应力;多数试验单元浅层固化土的应力扩散角在19.474°～26.303°之间。     

用固化剂GX08加固杭州海湖相软土的强度特性研究

为了验证固化剂GX08加固杭州海湖相软土的效果及考察有机质对水泥固化的不利影响,对固化土的强度特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,有机质的添加会显著阻碍固化土强度的增长,而固化剂GX08能有效增强固化土的强度;固化土强度与有机质含量存在二次函数关系,与水泥掺量呈线性关系,与固化剂GX08掺量和龄期都以对数函数的形式相关;将总灰水比C/W用于固化土强度模型的建立,通过对试验数据的分析与整理,建立了同时考虑固化土中有机质含量、水泥掺量、固化剂掺量和龄期影响的固化土综合强度预测模型。最后对模型进行了推广使用,验证了模型的适用性。     

固化剂对软土强度影响的试验研究

不同固化剂对软土的加固效果有一定差异,且固化土的强度特性愈来愈受到重视。通过不同掺入比和不同龄期时固化土（新型固化剂#Ι）的无侧限抗压强度试验结果,分析了掺入比、龄期对固化土强度的影响。试验结果表明,固化剂#1对黏土的加固效果优于水泥,固化土的强度为水泥土的1.5～2.4倍;固化剂强度与龄期、掺入比关系密切,不同掺入比时随龄期的增长固化土强度的变化也有所不同。     

3种因素影响下固化废弃淤泥的微观特性研究

为揭示初始含水率、固化剂掺量和龄期3种因素对固化废弃淤泥力学性质影响的本质,以硫氧镁水泥固化废弃淤泥为研究对象,开展了不同含水率（w）、固化剂掺量（Wg）和龄期（T）条件下固化淤泥的电镜扫描试验,利用图像处理软件研究了固化淤泥的微观接触面积率（RCA）、平均丰度（Cm）和分形维数（D）受含水率、固化剂掺量和龄期的影响规...     

基于黄土物理化学性质变化的固化土强度影响因素分析

基于黄河中游地区黄土自西北向东南分布变化的规律,研究黄土的物理化学性质和矿物成分对水泥基土壤固化剂固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明：随着黏粒含量的增加,固化土的强度先降低后增加,其中黏粒含量17.0%是分界点;随着碱度的增加,固化土的强度增加;蒙脱石的加固效果好于伊利石,在以伊利石为主的土中,随着伊利石含量的增加,固化土的强度升高;随着阳离子交换总量的增加和交换性钠离子百分比的降低,固化土的强度增加。研究表明,黄土的物理化学性质不同是水泥基土壤固化剂土质适宜性产生的主要原因;黄河中游地区自西北向东南加固土的强度具有增大的规律性     

湖底淤泥固化土的环境耐久性研究

为了评价淤泥固化土的环境耐久性,采用矿渣体系的碱激发胶凝材料(矿渣粉、偏高岭土、石灰和水玻璃)和普通硅酸盐水泥为固化剂,通过开展无侧限抗压、冻融循环、Na2SO4及NaCl浸泡侵蚀、扫描电镜和EDS-Mapping试验,分析了侵蚀环境下固化淤泥土的典型水化产物、强度演变规律、质量损失率和微观结构特征,结果表明,碱激发固化淤泥内部生成的水化硅铝酸钠凝胶(N-A-S-H)能有效提高强度,但是冻融循环和浸泡侵蚀均会导致固化土强度劣化;水泥固化淤泥受硫酸盐侵蚀后,钙矾石会呈现簇状发展而产生膨胀开裂,导致强度下降;碱激发固化剂的抗氯离子能力优于硫酸根离子,综合环境耐久性优于普通硅酸盐水泥。     

Utilization of a new soil stabilizer for silt subgrade

Silt cannot satisfy the requirements of highway construction because of its low strength. A new stabilizing agent (SEU-2) was developed to improve the mechanical performance and applicability of silt in road. Laboratory tests, including unconfined compression and shrinkage tests, were performed. Test results show that the new stabilizing agent can significantly increase the strength and the water stability, and decrease the shrinkage strain of silt. Field tests were also carried out and the results indicated that the new stabilizing agent could effectively improve the entire stiffness of subgrade. From the point of view in mechanics and applicability in road, adding 4% new stabilizing agent is an economic and reasonable method to stabilize the silt. The stabilized silt has high early strength, small shrinkage deformation, and high entire stiffness. It can satisfy the requirements of highway subgrades.     

污水浸泡对水泥土强度和电阻率特性影响的试验研究

为了揭示污水对水泥土的影响规律,并尝试采用电阻率法作为描述强度和污染特征的手段,把粉质黏土和两种水泥（普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥）制作的水泥土试块分别浸泡在3种液体（自来水、生活污水、造纸厂污水）中模拟环境侵蚀。首先对比分析了污水对土体液塑限的影响,其次研究了龄期、水泥类型、污水类型等对水泥土抗压强度和电阻率的影响,考察了电阻率和抗压强度的关系。结果表明：污染后土样的液限、塑限均增大,塑性指数减小;水泥土抗压强度和电阻率均随龄期增加而增长;污水均降低了水泥土的抗压强度和电阻率,但是矿渣硅酸盐水泥土的抗压强度和电阻率均高于普通硅酸盐水泥土,说明在污水环境中,矿渣水泥对水泥土有一定的抗劣化能力;在不同的龄期、水泥类型、污水类型下,水泥土电阻率均与抗压强度呈现出一致的变化规律,二者线性相关。     

江苏徐宿地区粉土的基本特性及加固方法研究

对江苏徐宿地区的粉土进行试验研究,发现该地区粉土具有弱可塑性、低粘结性、高分散性及强度较小等特征。通过对石灰、石灰+水泥和SEU-2型固化剂稳定该地区粉土进行无侧限抗压强度试验及干缩性能试验研究,认为采用SEU-2型固化剂稳定效果较好。     

水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土力学特性试验研究

使用低成本高硅铝矿物掺合料可在提升水泥土工程性能的同时降低水泥用量。通过开展系列抗压强度试验研究了水泥偏高岭土掺比、水/水泥偏高岭土比、凝胶总掺量和养护龄期对水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度的影响规律,归纳了水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土的强度经验公式。结果表明：将水泥和偏高岭土按质量比5:1混合用于粉砂土稳定时可获得最佳强度提升,节约1/6水泥消耗,且该掺比关系不因凝胶总掺量变化而改变;水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度随水/水泥偏高岭土比增加近似线性降低,随凝胶总掺量增加线性提升,随龄期发展而提高,其28天强度增加趋势仍未趋缓;总结归纳了四个关于强度影响因素的经验预测公式。该研究成果可为水泥偏高岭土用于复合稳定工程软弱土提供理论参考。     

Effect of Cement and Quarry Dust on Shear Strength and Hydraulic Characteristics of Lithomargic Clay

The lithomargic clay constitutes an important group of residual soils existing under lateritic soils. This soil is found on the western and eastern coasts of India over large areas. This soil is a problematic one and is very sensitive to water and loses a greater part of its strength when becomes saturated. These high silt deposits have invited many problems such as slope failures, foundation failures, embankment failures, uneven settlements etc. In this investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of cement and quarry dust on shear strength and hydraulic characteristics of the lithomargic clay after the stabilization. Microfabric and mineralogical studies were carried out to find out the reason for the strength development of the stabilized soil using SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that there is an improvement in the properties of the lithomargic clay with the addition of cement and quarry dust. The XRD results indicated the formation of CSH and CAH, which are responsible for strength development in the stabilized soil.     

Study in laboratory of treatment with cement of silty material: improvement of the mechanical properties

The addition of the agent of treatment allows to obtain a better traficability and improves the capacity of the soil to compaction while assuring a correct implementation. Besides, the binder provides to the soil a direct, maintained, or increasing lift at the same time. The choice of the agent of treatment and its dosage is determined by the type of soil, its moisture content at the time of the treatment, and by the aimed characteristics. The technique of treatment of soil in place in the hydraulic binders consists in valuing the natural soil (existing at the site of construction) by mixing them with a hydraulic binder and some water. It allows to avoid the transport and implies their stabilization in very interesting costs before the implementation of the superficial layers. In this context, this paper presents the results of the shear strength parameters of a study in laboratory with the aim of using the fine soil, in particular an Algerian western resulting silt, after a treatment with the cement by dry mixing method. Our goal is to realize pavement structures (base layer and subgrade layer) with this material. This type of treatment requires to know well the material which we wish to treat. A geotechnical complete characterization before treatment is approached on samples compacted in different water content, followed by the study of the influence of the addition of 2, 4, and 6 % cement on the characteristics of portance and of strength to shearing. Shear test was performed after curing the samples for 24 h to evaluate the shear strength parameters. The obtained results highlight a clearly better and marked improvement of the characteristics such as the lift and the strength to shearing.     

Geotechnical properties of a chemically stabilized soil from Malaysia with rice husk ash as an additive

Summary The stabilization of Malaysian soil by mixing with rice husk ash, a locally available waste material, to improve its engineering properties is described. Stabilizing agents, i.e. cement and lime, were added to produce the reaction products which are responsible for the enhancement of the engineering properties. Based on the strength development, it seems that lime is the more effective stabilizing agent. However, the cheap waste material can be used as partial replacement for the more expensive cement in the cement-treatment of the soil. A durability study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this stabilization method.     

含砂量对水泥土强度影响的试验研究

天然软土尤其三角洲地区的淤泥或淤泥质黏土常含砂,以含细砂或粉细砂为主,系统研究水泥土强度与含砂量的关系,为水泥土性能改良、强度设计及水泥土搅拌法施工提供直接依据。选取珠江三角洲两处典型的淤泥、淤泥质黏土,按天然含水率配制试验用土,掺加不同含量的细砂制成含砂水泥土试件,养护到不同龄期,对其进行无侧限抗压强度试验,得到了水泥土强度与含砂量及其他关联影响因素关系的变化规律。主要结论是：细砂颗粒在水泥土中起到了细骨料的作用,有利于提高水泥土强度;考虑水泥土的含砂量、水土质量比、水泥掺入比和实际水灰比等因素,得到了含砂淤泥水泥土强度估算公式;在不含砂淤泥水泥土中掺入2 %干细砂时其强度约提高25 %,掺入15 %~25 %干细砂则可提高40 %~60 %。