用固化剂GX08加固杭州海湖相软土的强度特性研究

为了验证固化剂GX08加固杭州海湖相软土的效果及考察有机质对水泥固化的不利影响,对固化土的强度特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,有机质的添加会显著阻碍固化土强度的增长,而固化剂GX08能有效增强固化土的强度;固化土强度与有机质含量存在二次函数关系,与水泥掺量呈线性关系,与固化剂GX08掺量和龄期都以对数函数的形式相关;将总灰水比C/W用于固化土强度模型的建立,通过对试验数据的分析与整理,建立了同时考虑固化土中有机质含量、水泥掺量、固化剂掺量和龄期影响的固化土综合强度预测模型。最后对模型进行了推广使用,验证了模型的适用性。     

新型土体固化剂加固海底淤泥力学特性研究

海底淤泥具有特殊的土性特点,其固化研究尚处于起步阶段。GS固化剂是一种以工业固废为主要原料的适用于软土加固的绿色固化材料。本文开展了GS固化剂加固海底淤泥的应用研究。以香港某工程海底淤泥为加固对象,对比分析了GS固化剂和水泥的掺量、龄期对固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,相比于普通水泥,GS固化土的早期强度更高...     

江苏徐宿地区粉土的基本特性及加固方法研究

对江苏徐宿地区的粉土进行试验研究,发现该地区粉土具有弱可塑性、低粘结性、高分散性及强度较小等特征。通过对石灰、石灰+水泥和SEU-2型固化剂稳定该地区粉土进行无侧限抗压强度试验及干缩性能试验研究,认为采用SEU-2型固化剂稳定效果较好。     

矿渣粉加固粉土的理论分析及路用性能研究

提出了矿渣粉加固粉土的相关理论。将矿渣粉在加固土中的作用归结为火山灰胶凝效应和微集料填充效应,而火山灰胶凝效应又可进一步归结为水化作用、激发作用和离子交换作用;认为微集料填充效应与矿渣粉细度极为相关;用框图归纳了矿渣粉加固土的两种作用效应。进行了矿渣粉、石灰粉加固土无侧限饱水抗压强度、水稳定性、冻稳定性、温度收缩和干燥收缩等路用性能试验,并进行比较。结果表明,矿渣粉加固土所测路用性能指标优于石灰粉加固土。为工程应用提供了试验依据。     

水泥固化稳定珊瑚礁岩、砂吹填材料路用性能研究

为实现岛礁公路建设资源集约化,提出采用水泥固化稳定珊瑚礁岩、砂作为路面基层材料。通过无侧限抗压强度、劈裂强度、回弹模量、水稳性、干缩和温缩试验,探究水泥固化稳定珊瑚礁岩、砂吹填材料强度、刚度、水稳性和收缩性等路用性能,为后续岛礁工程建设提供理论依据和数据支持。结果表明:在标养条件下,相同龄期的试样抗压强度和劈裂强度随水泥用量增加而提高,水泥用量相同的试样随龄期增长而提高;抗压强度增长基本符合线性规律。回弹模量随水泥用量增加而提高,但增幅逐渐减小。相同龄期下,试件饱和抗压强度相对于低于标准抗压强度;水泥用量和龄期越大,强度损失率越小,抗软化能力越强,如水泥用量6%试样28 d强度损失率与软化系数是水泥用量3%的93%和101%。试样失水率与干缩应变随龄期与水泥用量增加而增长,如水泥用量6%试样180 d失水率和干缩应变是水泥用量3%的1.35倍和1.27倍。温缩试验表明:温缩应变和温缩系数随水泥用量增加而增大,而随温度降低先增大后减小,处于30~45℃温度区间是岛礁公路建设最不利的状态,应尽量避免高温施工。     

碱激发材料固化低液限粉黏土路用性能及抗冻融特性研究

以伊犁地区S315线蜂场至尼勒克段低液限粉黏土为研究对象,以碱激发材料为固化剂,对粉质黏土和其固化土开展了路用性能指标试验与冻融循环试验,并利用电镜扫描试验(SEM)与X射线衍射试验(XRD)研究了固化土的微观特征,探讨了碱激发材料对粉质黏土路用性能指标与抗冻融特性的影响.试验结果表明,固化土的无侧限抗压强度与抗剪强度...     

固化粉质土应力应变特性试验研究

对固化粉质土进行了单轴和三轴应力应变试验,分析了单轴应力-应变曲线和不固结不排水三轴应力-应变曲线的特点,初步探讨了龄期、固化剂掺量及围压对曲线形状的影响。单轴应力应变试验结果表明,固化粉质土后期的强度和变形特性变化较小,随着固化剂掺量的增加,单轴应力-应变曲线形状变化明显。三轴应力应变试验结果表明,随着固化剂掺量的增加,其破坏应变和破坏偏应力均呈现正向增长的态势,曲线在高围压下呈现弱软化型,在较低围压时呈现软化型。     

某填方土基粉土冲击压实处理试验研究

冲击压实是一种新型的土体处理方法,它具有效率高、综合成本低等优点,其影响深度特别符合公路、场道土基对有效加固深度的要求。本文以某大型填方土基工程为例,介绍了冲击压实技术在填方土基中的应用。在对粉土填料性状分析试验的基础上进行冲压施工,同时进行了沉降观测、压实度试验、载荷试验、回弹模量试验,通过试验结果分析确定了合理的施工参数,并根据检测取得了良好的冲击压实效果。以此次试验确定的施工参数在该工程取得了良好的压密效果和经济效益。     

高寒地区水镁石纤维早强型水泥稳定碎石的路用性能研究

为了提高水泥稳定类基层在高寒地区的适用性,提出在基层中复掺基层早强剂和水镁石矿物纤维使其达到早强抗裂作用,通过研究其抗压强度、劈裂强度、收缩特性以及抗冻性能,分析水镁石矿物纤维在水泥稳定碎石中的作用机理。试验结果表明：复掺基层早强剂和水镁石矿物纤维后,20℃养护条件下基层3 d抗压强度与劈裂强度分别为其28 d的85%和76%,-15℃低温养护条件下3 d抗压强度与劈裂强度分别为其28 d的69%和68%;抗收缩性能在加入水镁石纤维后有较大提高,纤维掺量为4%时,干缩系数与温缩系数比未掺时分别降低约92%和48%;抗冻性能也因掺入水镁石纤维而有所改善,纤维掺量为4%时基层28 d冻融残留抗压强度比（BDR）为0.96%。复掺水镁石纤维与基层早强剂,既能有效保证高寒地区水稳碎石的强度,又能避免基层在干燥气候中的收缩开裂和在低温、变温环境中的温缩开裂,其中水镁石纤维最佳掺量为4%。     

Influence of Drying on the Stiffness and Strength of Cement-Stabilized Soils

Nowadays, improving the strength and deformation properties of soft soils by deep soil mixing is a commonly used technique. There is also an increasing interest in the use of this technique for foundation/structural elements and excavation retaining walls applications. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the soil mix material are key parameters in the design of these structures. However, there is very limited information available on the impact of exposure to air drying (in the case of retaining wall) on the strength and stiffness of cement stabilized soils. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different curing conditions (immersion in water, cycles of wetting and drying, continuous air drying) on the mechanical properties of soils treated with cement in the laboratory. Free–free resonance tests and unconfined compression tests were performed on specimens of silt and sand treated with blastfurnace slag cement. Strength increases more rapidly than stiffness between 7 and 30 days. The strength of stabilized soils submitted to cyclic wetting and drying before the cement hydration process is complete continues to increase. As long as the periods of drying do not induce microcracks, the stiffness of the treated soil specimens also increases with time. However, the stiffness is lower than for the specimens cured in water indicating a disruptive effect of the imposed wetting–drying cycles on stiffness. Continuous exposure to air drying inhibits strength development due to insufficient water for hydration. Significant stiffness decreases were observed on specimens of stabilized silt and are attributed to microcracking.     

高含盐粉土的力学特性试验研究

高含盐粉土不仅含盐量较高,而且黏粒含量极低,粉粒含量高,级配不均匀,导致难以压实,强度低。为了了解此类特殊粉土的力学特性,在室内物理化学性质分析的基础上,进行原位旁压试验和原状土样的三轴试验,充分分析了高含盐粉土的力学性质。高含盐粉土的可溶性盐含量高达2.9%,主要是高硅、铝,水溶盐以Cl－和Na+为主,属氯盐碱性土。旁压试验结果表明,临塑压力可取350 kPa、极限压力可取500 kPa、旁压模量Em可取1 750 kPa、剪切模量Gm可以700 kPa作为参考值。室内力学试验进一步分析表明,该土体具有较强的剪胀性,在轴向应变达到12%左右时,试样达到稳态状态。围压150 kPa下的峰值强度能达到600～800 kPa,残余强度也能达到450～550 kPa。     

玉米秸秆防腐及其粉土加筋效果研究

粉土因具有黏聚力低、水稳性差的特点,在工程中的使用受限;玉米秸秆具有较高的抗拉强度,是一种性能良好、环保的天然纤维,将经过防腐处理后的玉米秸秆作为加筋材料纤维掺加到粉土中,是否会起到良好的加固效果,本文将就此展开研究。首先对玉米秸秆皮进行抗拉强度测试,选取抗拉强度较高的无茎节点秸秆皮作为试样;将该试样用卡松、双乙酸钠、聚乙烯醇3种防腐溶液进行浸泡,并对浸泡处理后的试样进行抗拉强度测试,结果表明浸泡过3种防腐剂的秸秆在浸泡水后抗拉强度均比天然秸秆有不同程度的提升,其中聚乙烯醇的防腐效果最好,浸泡12周后抗拉强度比天然秸秆高出约60%;对用聚乙烯醇浸泡后的试样进行显微镜拍照和称重测试,显示秸秆在浸泡3天后对聚乙烯醇的吸收达到饱和。将用聚乙烯醇防腐处理后的玉米秸秆纤维掺加到粉土中,制样进行三轴试验,发现玉米秸秆加筋对粉土强度的提高主要体现在黏聚力上,其增幅为素土试样的100%,改善了土体的水稳定性;其应力-应变曲线更倾向于应变-硬化,有别于素土的应变软化,破坏形态较为完整,有别于素土的斜截面破坏,这说明粉土加入玉米秸秆纤维后抵抗外界荷载的能力增强。     

纳米SiO2和石灰改良黄泛区粉土的力学特性研究

为探究纳米SiO₂和石灰对黄泛区粉土的改良效果,通过击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、扫描电镜试验和XRF试验等系列试验,研究纳米SiO₂和石灰掺量对黄泛区粉土压实性、抗压强度、水稳性等力学特性的影响,分析改良粉土的微观结构及固化机理。结果表明:纳米SiO₂改良土的最大干密度和最优含水率随纳米SiO₂掺量的增加而提高,纳米SiO₂改良土中掺加石灰会降低最大干密度,但会提高最优含水率;纳米SiO₂与石灰联合使用改良效果优于单独掺入纳米SiO₂,1.5%纳米SiO₂-2%石灰改良土的无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角提升最为显著;与素土和纳米SiO₂改良土相比,纳米SiO₂-石灰改良土的水稳性得到显著改善;在纳米SiO₂改良土中,纳米SiO₂主要起到填充土颗粒之间孔隙的作用,纳米SiO₂与石灰联合使用可在土中形成胶结物质、发挥黏结与填充作用、大幅提高土的强度。     

Dominant grains network and behavior of sand–silt mixtures: stress–strain modeling

Stress–strain modeling of sand–silt mixtures is important in the analysis and design of earth structures. In this paper, we develop a stress–strain model that can predict the behavior of sand–silt mixtures with any amount of fines content. This model is based on a micromechanics approach, which involves mean‐field assumptions. For the mixtures with low amount of fines, the mechanical behavior is dominated by sand grains network. On the other hand, for the mixtures with high amount of fines, the mechanical behavior is dominated by silt grains network. Using this concept of dominant grains network, the behavior of mixtures with any amount of fines can be predicted from knowing the behavior of sand and silt, alone. We also modeled the critical state friction angle, critical state void ratio, and elastic stiffness for the mixtures as a function of fines content. The applicability of this developed stress–strain model is shown by comparing the simulated and measured results for two different types of sand–silt mixtures with full range of fines content. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

寒区再生集料水泥稳定碎石路基的力学和温缩性能北大核心CSCD

为解决废旧沥青混合料(RAP)和铁尾矿砂(ITS)固废处理问题,将两者充当砂石料掺加到水泥稳定碎石中,通过无侧限抗压试验、弯拉试验和温缩试验对水泥稳定碎石进行路用性能研究,分析了RAP和ITS掺量对水泥稳定碎石的影响。结果表明:RAP掺量一定时(25%),ITS掺量增加有利于提高水泥稳定碎石的抗压强度和弯拉强度,但会增大材料的温缩应变和温缩系数,降低温缩性能,其中ITS45(ITS掺量为45%)有较好的温缩性能;ITS掺量一定时(60%),RAP掺量增加不利于水泥稳定碎石的抗压强度,但可以提高水泥稳定碎石的弯拉强度,降低温缩应变和温缩系数,其中RAP70(RAP掺量为70%)温缩性能达到最优;与ITS45相比,RAP70有更宽泛的施工温度区间。     

水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土力学特性试验研究

使用低成本高硅铝矿物掺合料可在提升水泥土工程性能的同时降低水泥用量。通过开展系列抗压强度试验研究了水泥偏高岭土掺比、水/水泥偏高岭土比、凝胶总掺量和养护龄期对水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度的影响规律,归纳了水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土的强度经验公式。结果表明：将水泥和偏高岭土按质量比5:1混合用于粉砂土稳定时可获得最佳强度提升,节约1/6水泥消耗,且该掺比关系不因凝胶总掺量变化而改变;水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度随水/水泥偏高岭土比增加近似线性降低,随凝胶总掺量增加线性提升,随龄期发展而提高,其28天强度增加趋势仍未趋缓;总结归纳了四个关于强度影响因素的经验预测公式。该研究成果可为水泥偏高岭土用于复合稳定工程软弱土提供理论参考。     

Field compaction control studies on road bases in a new settlement area in Ghana

Summary Among the major causes for failure of roads in the tropics is inadequate compaction during construction. There is, therefore, the need to strictly control the compaction of the pavement layers if the design life of the road is to be attained; thereby eliminating large maintenance costs.This note reports on pavement compaction control studies undertaken on the road bases of service roads in a new settlement area in Ghana. These roads were to be provided with bituminous surfacing immediately after compaction. Studies concerning particle breakdown during field compaction by two contractors executing the works under the same conditions have been made, together with an assessment of contractor efficiency.It was found that the placement moisture contents varied greatly from the optimum. One contractor was compacting the gravels on the dry side of optimum, consequently achieving relatively high densities. The other contractor was compacting on the wet side and achieving lower density levels. This was still the case even after initial test sections were found to have been undercompacted.Compaction levels achieved in the crowns were generally found to be higher than those at the shoulders of the road test sections. The breakdown of coarse particles due to compaction was quite significant. There is therefore the need for highway material engineers to ensure that in addition to meeting the grading requirements, road base materials must adequately meet the requirements on weathering and mechanical strength properties.     

Stabilization of Dune Sand with Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Polyvinyl Acetate Using Dry and Wet Processing

Dune sands were stabilized using poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyvinyl acetate and examined using physical and mechanical tests. The California Bearing Ratio test was used to measure the engineering properties of the stabilized materials under dry and the wet environmental conditions, revealing the bearing ratio of the improved dune sands. Our results indicate that both polymers have good potential for increasing the strength of dune sands in the dry state and that there is little decrease in the CBR strength in the saturated state in comparison with the dry state, indicating the stiffness and stability of the compounds against moisture. This is an important point to consider for longevity of roads and road repair and maintenance, because good strength of stabilized sand in saturated sand can prevent early destruction of the road caused by demolition or erosion of the road bed during saturation. The results also demonstrate that the optimum added quantity of polymer for maximum effect was 3% by weight and that the curing time for maximum effect was 28 days. The amount of polymer added was very more important factor for improved dune sand California Bearing Ratio strength in comparison with curing time of the stabilized specimens.     

工业副产品木质素改良路基粉土的微观机制研究

为揭示工业副产品木质素与土体间的相互作用机制,将木质素应用于路基粉土改良,通过对木质素及其改良土进行无侧限抗压强度、pH值、微观结构、化学元素、矿物成分和官能团等试验分析,研究不同掺量下木质素改良土的力学性能和pH值变化,对比分析改良前后粉土的微观结构变化,并基于化学分析结果探讨木质素的分子结构及与土体间的相互作用,提出木质素改良土体的机制。试验结果表明,改良土强度随木质素掺量增加而增加,掺量超过一定范围时,土体强度降低,木质素改良粉土的最优掺量为12%,且龄期对土体强度有着重要影响;强度与pH值基本呈线性相关关系;改良土微观结构更为致密、稳定,胶结物质将土颗粒相互联结,且未生成新的矿物;木质素通过水解、离子交换、质子化和静电引力等作用,导致双电层厚度减小,带正电荷的木质素高分子聚合物联结土颗粒并填充孔隙,改良土工程性质得以改善。提出的木质素改良土体机制可为工业副产品木质素的工程应用提供理论参考。     

一种修正的Drucker-Prager屈服准则

Drucker-Prager（以下简称D-P）屈服准则因其形式简单、物理意义明确而得到广泛的应用,然而经过多年的应用和研究,其缺点逐渐显现出来,如拉剪区偏大、不具有应力角效应等,针对这些不足,提出了修正的D-P屈服准则。在拉剪区用圆球面和横截面的组合方式代替原来的圆锥面,从而不改变D-P屈服准则压剪区的形式,在考虑岩石实际的拉伸强度的同时,也满足该屈服准则经过单轴抗拉强度点的条件;为考虑岩石在三轴压缩和三轴拉伸状态下不同的强度特性,即应力角效应,引入了一种角隅模型;为保证屈服准则始终通过岩石的单轴抗压强度点,建议了一种材料参数k值的取值方法。为验证屈服准则修正后的适用性和正确性,将修正屈服准则与真三轴试验结果进行了拟合,同时与Mohr-Coulomb（以下简称M-C）准则进行对比,结果表明,修正屈服准则可以很好地描述试验现象,且比M-C准则更接近真实结果。