建设有黄河特色的水文自动测报系统的探讨

本文简要分析了黄河流域独特的地理、水文特性,对黄河流域水文自动测报系统建设现状进行了初步分析,提出水文自动测报系统建设要根据黄河河情,配备满足黄河水文特性的数据采集传感器和通信组网方案,并对黄河流域自动测报系统建设进行了展望.     

基于统一标准和统一平台的水文自动测报系统集成与整合

水文测报方式改革至今,全国76%以上的水文测站已实现了自动测报,但是大部分省存在多种类的水文自动测报系统,它们采用不同的数据传输标准、工作机制、数据库接口,相互之间不能兼容,数据无法共享,亟需进行水文自动测报系统集成整合。江苏省经过多年研究和实践,实现了基于统一标准、统一平台的水文自动测报系统集成与整合,全省2000多个各类测站在统一平台下每5min一次在线实时监测,系统稳定性好,实时在线率高,数据准确可靠,遥测数据完整性超过99%。成为智慧江苏建设重点示范工程、全国水文自动测报的集成整合的示范。     

国家防汛指挥系统水情分中心建设方案探讨

通过分析常规报汛存在的问题、防汛指挥系统的设计思路，总结中国水文自动测报系统的技术发展现状，提出了国家防汛指挥系统水情分中心建设中的通信信道、测报方式、信息传输格式、水文资料收集、传感器和电源等设计方案选择建议，并以MOTOROLA遥测、遥控技术为例介绍了国外水文自动测报系统中采用的先进技术。     

水口水电厂水文自动测报系统运行可靠性管理经验

水口水电厂水文自动测报系统运行可靠性管理经验刘子龙，蒋昌兴（福建省电力工业局）（福建水口水电厂）１前言水文自动测报系统是一种水文实时信息收集、传输和处理系统。它是一种涉及通信、计算机、水文等技术的复杂系统。它通常以水文预报为目的，包括防洪、兴利所要求...     

安徽省淮河水文自动测报系统运行评述

水文自动测报系统是安全、准确、迅速地进行水文信息采集与传输的重要组成部分,也是水文测报向正规化、标准化、现代化发展的一个方向.对安徽省淮河水文自动测报系统运行8年的情况作了较为全面的评述,提出了系统存在的问题和改进措施的建议.     

水文自动测报系统的维护与管理

水文自动测报系统在我国水文、防汛、水库和水电厂调度领域得到了广泛的应用.但要确保系统的正常运行,发挥其快捷、准确的作用,离不开对系统进行日常的维护与管理.主要就水文自动测报系统在日常运行过程中如何进行有效的维护与管理、分析判断和处理系统发生的各类故障、设备的维护和检修时应注意的问题作了阐述,并提出了相应的解决办法,以利...     

水文自动测报技术的回顾与展望

介绍了我国水文自动测报系统技术的发展历程，展望了现今网络时代水文自动测报系统技术的发展和要求。     

“水文自动测报系统”座谈会在杭州召开

水文自动测报系统是近20年发展起来的新技术。目前,西欧、北美和东南亚等许多国家建立了比较完善的水文自动测报系统,在防洪和水利电水工程调度运用等方面发挥了重要作用。近几年来,我国有许多单位积极研制水文遥测设备;浙江、江苏、黑龙江、广东省水文总站,北京市水利局,长办,黄委在有关单位协作下,正在筹建水文自动测报系统,取得了初步成果。为把这项新技术的试点工作搞好,经水利部领导批准,水文局于1981年5月5日至12日在杭州召开了“水文自动测报     

水文自动测报系统的防雷技术

摘要：通过介绍和分析雷电破坏的种类、水文自动测报系统的引雷途径以及防雷电方法，提出了水文自动测报系统的防雷技术，即采用避雷针和避雷器，乃是水文自动测报系统中防止直击雷和感应雷电破坏的最为常用的防雷手段，并阐述了这些手段的实际应用技术要点。     

水文自动测报系统运行维护常见问题探讨

本文概述了水文自动测报系统的组成、结构和功能,结合目前已建水文自动测报系统运行维护情况,对系统中数据采集传感器、通信设备终端、电源和避雷系统等设备常见的问题进行了探讨与分析。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.