The Characteristics of Spinels in Mantle-derivedXenoliths in Cenozoic Basalts from Eastern Chinaand Their Thermal States

The colours and chemical composition variations of 160 spinels in peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Cenozoic basalts in eastern China and their petrogeneses have been studied in detail. The relationships between major elements of spinels are discussed. The equilibrium temperatures, pressures and oxygen fugacities of spinels and their coexisting olivines, orthopyroxenes and clinopyroxenes have been determined using the Brey-kohler' s T-P calculation methods (1990) and Ballhaus' fo2 calculation method (1991). The relationships betweenthe composition and the equilibrium temperatures, pressures or oxygen fugacities of spinels in peridotite xenoliths from the basalts and the stable field of the spinels in the upper mantle have been shown.     

湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的含水性和元素地球化学特征

运用电子探针(EMP)和激光熔蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)对湖南宁远早侏罗世玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体矿物进行了主要元素和微量元素的系统分析,结果表明这些橄榄岩是经历了小程度部分熔融的原始地幔残留,并经历了后期交代作用的影响,硅酸盐熔体可能是重要的交代介质。运用显微傅立叶变换红外光谱技术(Micro-FTIR)对宁远橄榄岩中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石进行了详细的观察,结果显示两种辉石均含有以OH缺陷形式存在的结构水,其含量(H2O的质量分数,下同)分别为147×10-6～461×10-6和40×10-6～126×10-6。根据矿物百分含量计算的全岩水含量为34×10-6～108×10-6,除1个样品外,其余样品的水含量均50×10-6。结合文献中的资料看来,由橄榄岩包体所代表的宁远中生代岩石圈地幔的含水量要明显高于华北克拉通新生代岩石圈地幔的含水量(多30×10-6)。宁远中生代岩石圈地幔和华北新生代岩石圈地幔之间的差异反映的可能是中国东部岩石圈地幔含水性的时代演化,即伴随着岩石圈减薄的进行,上涌软流圈的热烘烤使得岩石圈地幔的水含量不断降低。     

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩与地幔捕虏体中各类单斜辉石的地球化学特征及其意义

山东昌乐位于华北克拉通东部,郯庐断裂带中段,广泛出露挟裹幔源捕虏体的新生代碱性玄武岩.为深入了解华北克拉通演化,依据岩相学特征、矿物化学成分特征,把昌乐碱性玄武岩中单斜辉石主要分为三大类:第1类为幔源捕虏体中原生单斜辉石,其主、微量元素含量呈现趋势不一致的解耦现象,且LREE、HREE各异特征表明其经历了多期、不同程度的地幔富集交代和部分熔融作用（低于10%的尖晶石相部分熔融）,交代熔体包括地幔富碱（K）富Al硅酸盐熔/流体,可能有碳酸盐熔体的贡献;第2类为幔源捕虏体中筛状单斜辉石,是部分熔融和熔体交代作用的共同产物,从无筛孔部位到筛孔周围远离筛孔部位和紧挨着筛孔部位,呈现出受熔体作用逐渐加强趋势,离筛孔较远部位记录了玄武质熔浆作用之前的一次富碱（K）富Al熔体交代的特征,而紧挨着筛孔的部位受晚期玄武质熔浆作用的影响最强;第3类为幔源捕虏体中反应边单斜辉石及玄武岩中斑晶单斜辉石,两者的化学成分及形成条件相似,显示HFSE正异常,LILE负异常,受OIB特征寄主玄武岩浆强烈的影响.昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩地幔捕虏体中单斜辉石显示经历多期"熔体作用"和不同程度的部分熔融特征,是研究区岩石圈地幔不均一性的体现.      

辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩矿物化学与华北岩石圈地幔演化

内容提要：在对吉林辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩详细的岩相学和矿物主量元素研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石激光原位微量元素,并讨论了辉南陆下岩石圈地幔的性质及其在华北克拉通破坏过程中的意义。橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的Mg#和Cr#均表明该区陆下岩石圈地幔主体是饱满的,同时也存在少量过渡和难熔型地幔。单斜辉石REE配分形式包括LREE亏损、倒U字型REE和LREE富集等不同类型。这些橄榄岩是地幔经历不同程度的部分熔融作用(低于10%)和复杂地幔交代作用的产物。交代介质主体是硅酸盐熔体,但个别样品有碳酸岩熔体交代的残留。橄榄石Mg#和平衡温度无相关性,说明辉南陆下岩石圈地幔不存在明显的分层而是交叉的。这些地幔特征和华北东部其他地区新生代的主体地幔性质相似,是熔-岩反应、侵蚀作用和上涌软流圈物质冷却转变置换的综合结果。     

徐淮早白垩世埃达克质岩中含橄榄石单斜辉石岩的成因及其岩石学意义

报道了徐淮地区早白垩世埃达克质岩中首次发现的含橄榄石单斜辉石岩捕虏体的岩相学与矿物化学资料, 该类捕虏体显示堆积结构、块状构造, 主要由单斜辉石(~80%)、斜方辉石(~5%)、橄榄石(~5%)和普通角闪石(~10%)组成.橄榄石外侧发育有斜方辉石反应边, 角闪石沿辉石粒间分布, 呈嵌晶结构.矿物化学分析结果表明: 橄榄石的镁橄榄石分子值(Fo)=77.7~79.3, Ni=623×10-6~773×10-6; 斜方辉石的Mg#=75.6~80.2, Cr=161×10-6~684×10-6, Ni=79×10-6~708×10-6; 单斜辉石的Mg#=84.5~86.4, CaO=21.59%~23.13%, Al₂O₃=1.72%~2.44%.上述矿物与中、新生代玄武岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石斑晶以及堆积成因辉石岩中的斜方辉石和单斜辉石成分类似.此外, 单斜辉石的稀土配分型式以相对富含中稀土元素的上凸型为特征, 稀土元素含量较低(∑REE=10.14×10-6~12.71×10-6), 无明显的铕异常(δEu=0.90~1.16), 类似于新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶.捕虏体中的普通角闪石的Mg#=74.0~80.4、SiO₂=43.2%~44.5%、Na₂O=2.04%~2.29%, 稀土元素分馏不明显, 显示亏损高场强元素(HFSEs, 如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf), 富集Sr、Rb、Ba的特征, 与新生代玄武岩中角闪石捕虏晶成分不同.结合其嵌晶结构, 普通角闪石应是寄主岩浆贯入结晶的产物.综合上述特征, 可以看出含橄榄石单斜辉石捕虏体为镁铁质岩浆高压堆晶成因.结合华北克拉通东部早白垩世双峰式火山岩组合的出现, 推断含橄榄石单斜辉石岩捕虏体可能是早白垩世基性岩浆底侵的产物.      

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学──Ⅰ．主元素和微量元素组成：岩石成因及源区特征

所研究的玄武岩包括拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、苦橄粗玄岩和钾质玄武岩。主元素和微量元素的组成变化表明，中国东部玄武岩既是不同深度地幔部分熔融的产物，又经历了岩浆结晶分异作用。强不相容元素比值的变化特征显然与岩石圈地幔交代作用有关。软流圈地幔的上涌并导致上覆不均一的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融是形成中国东部新生代玄武岩的主要机制。     

中国东部地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的Re-Os同位素地球化学：岩石圈地幔的形成年龄和减薄作用的制约

我国东部新生代玄武岩中包含丰富的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体，近年来一些研究者对兴蒙造山带的双辽、汪清，华北克拉通的龙岗、汉诺坝、栖霞、女山和扬子克拉通的盘石山、练山等地8个新生代玄武岩区近百个地幔橄榄岩捕虏体全岩粉末样品获得了Re-Os同位素数据，对澎湖列岛新生代玄武岩的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中不同产状的硫化物包裹体作了原位的Re-Os同位素体系分析，此外，对辽宁复县和山东蒙阴古生代金伯利岩中的3个地幔橄榄岩捕虏体全岩粉末样品作了Re-Os分析。本文综合了文献中已有的数据，采用Re-Os同位素体系常用的方法，如Os同位素代理等时线年龄和Re亏损模式年龄，计算了SCLM的年龄。结果表明这些地区SCLM的形成年龄主要为早-中元古代，局部地区如辽宁复县有更老的年龄。我国东部新生代玄武岩中的尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩代表的SCLM主体上是元古代SCLM经过显生宙减薄作用后的残余部分，它对我国东部SCLM减薄作用在纵向上的规模和强度提供了制约。     

The effect of the Fernando de Noronha plume on the mantle lithosphere in north-eastern Brazil

New xenolith occurrences in the Cenozoic alkali basalts of north-eastern Brazil have been studied in order to constrain the possible imprint on the continental mantle lithosphere of its passage over the Fernando de Noronha plume and the regional mantle processes. Texturally, the lherzolite and harzburgite xenoliths define three groups: group 1, porphyroclastic; group 2, protogranular; group 3, transitional between groups 1 and 2. Equilibrium temperatures are highest for group 1 and lowest for group 2. Clinopyroxenes from group 1 peridotites have Primitive Mantle (PM)-normalised REE patterns varying from L-MREE-enriched convex-upward, typical of phases in equilibrium with alkaline melts, to LREE-enriched, spoon-shaped, to LREE-enriched, steadily fractionated in a wehrlite. Group 2 clinopyroxenes show patterns slightly depleted in LREE to nearly flat. The M-HREE are at 3–5 ×PM concentration level, as typical in fertile lithospheric lherzolites. Most of group 3 clinopyroxenes show LREE-depleted patterns similar to the group 2 ones, but in two samples the clinopyroxenes are characterised by LREE-enriched, spoon-shaped profiles. Sr and Nd isotopes of the group 1 clinopyroxenes form an array between DM and EMI-like components, both of them are also present in the host basalts. Melts estimated to be in equilibrium with the group 1 clinopyroxenes having L-MREE-enriched, convex-upward patterns are similar to the Cenozoic alkaline magmas. The groups 2 and 3 clinopyroxenes define two distinct compositional fields at higher ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values, correlated with their LREE composition. The isotopes of the groups 2 and 3 LREE-depleted clinopyroxenes form an array from DM towards the isotopic composition of Mesozoic tholeiitic basalts from north-eastern Brazil. Melts in equilibrium with these clinopyroxenes are similar to these basalts, thus suggesting that such xenoliths record geochemical imprint from older melt-related processes.

The LREE-enriched spoon-shaped group 3 clinopyroxenes are characterised by the highest ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values at any given ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr composition. These results are interpreted in terms of a lithospheric mantle section which underwent thermo-chemical and mechanical erosion by infiltration of asthenospheric alkali basalts having EMI-like isotope characteristics during Cenozoic time. At that time, the lithospheric mantle consisted of fertile lherzolites and harzburgites recording the geochemical imprint of Mesozoic mantle processes. The onset of the interaction between lithospheric peridotites and alkaline melts was characterised by the porous flow percolation of small melt volumes that induced chromatographic enrichments in highly incompatible elements and the isotope signature of the spoon-shaped, group 3 clinopyroxenes. Group 1 peridotites represent the base of the lithospheric column eroded by the ascending alkaline melts, whereas the group 2 documents the shallower lithospheric section, with group 3 being the transition. The similarity of processes and isotope components in the protogranular xenoliths from Fernando de Noronha area and north-eastern Brazil supports the hypothesis that the lithosphere beneath Fernando de Noronha is a detached portion of the continental one. Furthermore, the similarity in terms of textural and geochemical features documented by the mantle samples coming from the two different regions seems to confirm the interference of the two regions with the same plume.     

Magma–magma interaction in the mantle recorded by megacrysts from Cenozoic basalts in eastern China

ABSTRACT

Recently, besides magma–rock and rock–rock reaction, magma–magma interaction at mantle depth has been proposed as an alternative mechanism to produce diverse compositions of mantle. Clinopyroxene and garnet megacrysts can be formed at this condition since this process is suggested to trigger the high-pressure crystallization of these minerals. Studying on this type of megacrysts provides us important information on the genesis of intraplate basalts and the chemical heterogeneity of mantle, which has not been reported before. Here we present major, trace elements and Sr isotopes of clinopyroxene and garnet megacrysts hosted by Cenozoic basalts from Penglai, Shandong province of eastern China. The megacrysts are suggested to be formed by crystallization from magma because of their moderate Mg^# (74.0–79.9 for clinopyroxene and 58.8–65.0 for garnet) and good correlations between Mg^# and other elements (e.g. CaO, TiO₂, Nd and Lu). The potential crystallized temperature and pressure are estimated to be ~1156°C at 2.6–3.2 GPa, which should occur at the top of asthenosphere or lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary based on the lithospheric thickness in this area (~60–70 km). Since the megacrysts show variable Sr isotopes, and their primary magmas show negative correlation between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Hf/Sm ratios, as well as positive correlation between Ba/Th and Nb/U for clinopyroxenes, it indicates a mixing origin. Cenozoic basalts from Shandong show a mixing trend, and high-pressure fractionation of clinopyroxene and garnet is suggested to occur during the mixing process because some basalts show significantly higher Sm/Yb and lower Ca/Al ratios than others, which again supports our interpretations. When compared to megacrysts and host basalts from other locations of eastern China, similar geochemical variations and a deviation trend relative to the mixing trend are also observed. It indicates that magma–magma interaction can be a common process for formation of intraplate basalts and basalt-borne megacrysts.     

Equilibrium between Clinopyroxene and Host Rocks: Implication for the Magmatic Source and Evolution of Alkali Basalts of the Taohekou Formation in the Northern Daba Mountains, China

The Taohekou Formation is a volcanic-sedimentary terrane formed in the early Silurian in the northern Daba Mountains, China. The volcanic rocks, with dominant alkali basalts and minor mantle xenoliths, are enriched in clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Geochemical analysis shows that the composition of clinopyroxenes from different lithofacies has a close affinity. There is a liner correlation present in composition of clinopyroxenes (including phenocryst, microcrystal and xenocryst) from coarse porphyritic basalts, pillow or fine porphyritic basalts to amygdaloidal basalts. All the clinopyroxenes, except the clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, show a similar pattern of trace elements and REE, which indicates that they are likely products of successive fractional crystallization from cognate magma. Clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, however, are mantle xenocrysts. The crystallization pressure of clinopyroxenes gradually decreases from mantle xenolith, deep-seated xenocryst, coarse porphritic basalts, pillow or fine porphritic basalts, to amygdaloidal basalts, which are 1.92-4.41 GPa, 1.18-2.36 GPa, 1.13-2.05 GPa, 0.44-0.62 GPa and 0.14-0.28 GPa respectively. Calculation results suggest that the primary magma originated from a mantle region deeper than 68 km and stagnates in intervals of 37-68 km, 15-20 km and 5-9 km during its ascent. The alkali basalts are characterized by increasing concentrations of Si and alkaline with the magmatic evolution. Meanwhile, they are markedly enriched in LREE, and the patterns of trace elements and REE are similar to those of oceanic island basalts.     

峨眉山玄武岩的辉石研究

本文研究的峨眉山玄武岩的辉石均为单斜辉石。东川碱性火山岩中以透辉石为主,显示碱性岩系辉石的特征,但相对贫 LREE、Ti 等不相容元素,结晶时的 fO₂较高;攀枝花岩带主要是透辉石质普通辉石;其他剖面和地区多为普通辉石,且具拉斑质岩系富钙辉石的成分和演化特点。攀枝花带和西岩区辉石在化学成分上比较原始,而东岩区和中岩区辉石的成分演化程度相对较高。含 Ti 的“其他”阳离子对在各岩区（带）的辉石中均限重要,暗示它们的形成与火山弧环境无关。     

太行山重力梯度带的形成与华北岩石圈减薄的时空差异性有关

通过对比华北太行山重力梯度带两侧新生代玄武岩及其中幔源包体的成分, 发现: (1)华北东、西部新生代玄武岩具有相反的演化趋势, 说明新生代以来西部岩石圈逐渐减薄, 而东部岩石圈逐渐加厚; (2)西部岩石圈地幔组成相对复杂, 年龄多为晚太古代-元古代; 而东部岩石圈地幔组成相对单一, 年龄多为现代值, 少数为元古代; (3)西部壳幔过渡带较厚而东部较薄, 反映两地不同的岩浆底侵作用程度.华北岩石圈组成的空间不均一性可能与岩石圈减薄过程的时空差异有关. 岩相古地理分析说明太行山重力梯度带的雏形形成于早白垩世, 与华北中生代岩浆活动的高峰相吻合.由于岩浆作用与岩石圈减薄作用密切相关, 因此认为华北岩石圈减薄的时空不均一性是形成太行山重力梯度带的重要机制.      

中国中-东部地区新生代玄武岩的分布规律与面积汇总

利用图像处理技术,对中国中-东部地区地质图进行新生代玄武岩的像素提取,并叠加在高精度地貌图上,统计了
该地区陆地出露的新生代玄武岩的总面积和分区面积。结果表明：（1） 我国中-东部地区新生代玄武岩总面积为78
525 km2;（2） 以东部新生代盆地为界,盆地以西的中部地区新生代玄武岩面积为35 487 km2,盆地以东的东部地区新生代
玄武岩面积为43 038 km2,两边面积比为45:55;（3） 按时代划分,中国中-东部新生代玄武岩随时代变新分布面积递
增,S古近纪∶S新近纪∶S第四纪为0.36:21.65:77.99;（4） 中部地区的新生代玄武岩主要分布在北方,由北至南包括三个主要出露
区,分别为松辽盆地以西的大兴安岭地区(7334 km2)、锡林郭勒地区（13 843 km2） 和华北北缘（14 310 km2）;（5） 东部地
区新生代玄武岩的分布范围更广,从黑龙江一直到海南岛,也可以分为三个区,包括松辽盆地以东的东北地区（33 324 km2）、从
山东到福建零星分布的华东地区（1707 km2） 以及位于海南岛和雷州半岛的雷琼地区（8007 km2）;（6） 总体看,我国中-东
部地区新生代玄武岩主要分布在北方,如以山东省为界,北方玄武岩面积达69 191 km2,南方玄武岩面积达9334 km2,北南之
比为88∶12。     

南海新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石地球化学特征 及其地质意义

南海新生代玄武岩中发育有大量的单斜辉石斑晶,与橄榄石、角闪石等斑晶共存,多数被熔蚀,呈浑圆状,部分发育有很窄的反应边。研究表明单斜辉石具有巨晶的特征,是在高压下在与寄主岩同源的岩浆中形成,没有经历长时间的沉淀生长而直接向上运移被带到地表,因而具有巨晶的主量及微量元素的特征却不具有巨晶的形态。单斜辉石稀土元素含量不高,HREE及LREE亏损,而MREE富集;大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Sr均出现明显的亏损,高场强元素Nb、Zr出现亏损而Hf略富集。Nb、Ta与Zr、Hf分馏明显。Th较为富集,而Pb强烈亏损,U的变化范围较大。研究发现南海新生代玄武岩中的单斜辉石的来源较为简单,为地幔柱的直接产物,并没有受到洋中脊—地幔柱相互作用的影响,由于岩浆上升速度较快压力迅速下降,橄榄石大量晶出,引起了岩浆成分的变化,致使单斜辉石与寄主岩成分和结构上没有达到平衡。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩记录古太平洋俯冲带壳幔相互作用

大陆玄武岩通常具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学成分,其中含有显著的壳源组分.对于洋岛玄武岩来说,虽然其中的壳源组分归咎于深俯冲大洋板片的再循环,但是对板片俯冲过程中的壳幔相互作用缺乏研究.对于大陆玄武岩来说,由于其形成与特定大洋板片在大陆边缘之下的俯冲有关,可以用来确定古大洋板片俯冲的地壳物质再循环.本文总结了我们对中国东部新生代玄武岩所进行的一系列地球化学研究,结果记录了古太平洋板片俯冲析出流体对地幔楔的化学交代作用.这些大陆玄武岩普遍具有与洋岛玄武岩类似的地球化学成分,在微量元素组成上表现为富集LILE和LREE、亏损HREE,但是不亏损HFSE的分布特点,在放射成因同位素组成上表现为亏损至弱富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成.在排除地壳混染效应之后,这些玄武岩的地球化学特征可以由其地幔源区中壳源组分的性质来解释.俯冲大洋地壳部分熔融产生的熔体提供了地幔源区中的壳源组分,其中包括洋壳镁铁质火成岩、海底沉积物和大陆下地壳三种组分.华北和华南新生代大陆玄武岩在Pb同位素组成上存在显著差异,反映它们地幔源区中的壳源组分有所区别.中国东部新生代玄武岩的地幔源区是古太平洋板片于中生代俯冲至亚欧大陆东部之下时,在>200 km的俯冲带深度发生壳幔相互作用的产物.在新生代期间,随着俯冲太平洋板片的回卷引起的中国东部大陆岩石圈拉张和软流圈地幔上涌,那些交代成因的地幔源区发生部分熔融,形成了现今所见的新生代玄武岩.      

Studies of melt inclusions in some basalts from eastern China

Cenozoic basalts widespread in eastern China constitute an important sector of the circum-Pacific Cenozoic basalt belt. Basalt samples were collected from Wudalianchi (Heilongjiang Province), Nushan (Anhui Province), Fangshan (Jiangsu Province), Zhuji (Zhejiang Province), and Mingxi(Fujian Province). These basalts, for the most part, belong to the alkali basaltic series, and partly to tholeiites. A variety of inclusions commonly occurs in the rock-forming minerals of these basalts. The physicochemical conditions of basalt formation in different areas have been reviewed in special reference to the inclusion data. Our studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the features of the inclusions and the physicochemical conditions of basalt formation, which can, therefore, be regarded as a guide to the mechanism of basaltic petrogenesis. The results of research in this aspect are presented in the present paper.     

中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中的流体组成及其碳,氧同位素地球化学特征

利用热分解质谱法测定了中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中流体挥发分的组成,并对不同温度段释放出的ＣＯ２气体测定了Ｃ,Ｏ同位素值,流体组成和ＣＯ２的Ｃ,Ｏ同位素值表明中国东部上地幔源区的不均一性,与其中所含幔源岩捕体相比,碱性玄武岩浆发育在相对氧化的环境中,并有外来流体组分的加入。     

Mineral chemistry of olivines in cenozoic basalts from eastern China

Some-geological problems and solid-liquid equilibria in petrogenetic processes are discussed in the light of olivine chemistry based on 278 analyses of Cenozoic basalts and inclusions therefrom in eastern China. Prospective implications of these results have also been evaluated.     

鲁西费县中生代玄武岩及幔源捕掳晶的矿物化学：对岩石圈地幔性质的制约

鲁西费县中生代玄武岩形成于119Ma，为碱性玄武岩。该玄武岩中含有丰富的幔源橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石捕掳晶。橄榄石捕掳晶具有环状裂纹，其Mg^#值介于90．0～93．0之间，平均为91．5；斜方辉石和单斜辉石捕掳晶具有特征的反应边，斜方辉石的Mg^#值介于88．0～93．5之间，平均为90．4；单斜辉石的Mg^#值介于86．0～91．7之间，平均为88．4。捕掳晶的矿物化学类似于中国东部新生代玄武岩中地幔橄榄岩的矿物成分特征，这暗示捕掳晶应为寄主岩浆上升过程中捕获的地幔橄榄岩物质，并且反映了新增生的岩石圈地幔特征。费县玄武岩的岩石地球化学显示其具有地幔原生岩浆的特征，其高，Isr、低εNd(t)和亏损高场强元素等特征应与断离的俯冲板片(苏鲁造山带中的榴辉岩)与软流圈物质的混熔有关。     

中国新生代碱性玄武岩型宝石矿床

中国东部分布着大量的新生代玄武岩,其中第三纪的中新世和上新世的碱性玄武岩是蓝宝石、红宝石、红色锆石、橄榄石、镁铝榴石、月光石和辉石类宝石的寄主岩石,已在其内发现了多种宝石的原生矿床和矿化点。今后应重视碱性玄武岩型宝石矿床的研究和找矿评价工作。