鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8油层组石油成藏机理及成藏模式

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8油层组在不同地区其勘探成果和油藏规模存在明显的差异,为了分析其原因,对长8油层组油藏的油源、成藏期古物性特征、毛细管力、浮力和过剩压力等进行了研究,得出了过剩压力远大于毛细管力、源储压差能够克服相应储层的毛细管力从而运移成藏的认识。在此基础上,根据姬塬、陇东和陕北三个地区烃源岩和储层发育特征、物性及运移通道的特征,构建了三种不同的成藏模式。具体表现为,姬塬地区的双向排烃、复合成藏模式:即长7段优质烃源岩异常发育,生烃增压作用强烈,使得生成的烃类流体在过剩压力的驱动下向上覆的长6-长4+5地层和下伏的长8地层中双向排烃,在多层系富集成藏;陇东地区的上生下储、下部成藏模式:长7烃源岩发育,存在较高过剩压力,下伏的长8油层组储层物性明显的要优于上覆的长6油层组储层物性,利于烃类大规模向下运移,在长8聚集成藏;陕北地区的侧向运移、上部成藏模式:长7段烃源岩在该区不发育,且上覆长6储层物性远优于下伏长8储层物性,烃类优先在长6成藏,长8油藏规模有限。这三种成藏模式代表了以长7为主要烃源岩的油藏的主要成藏机理,三者在油气分布规律上存在明显的差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄—王洼子地区长9油层组流体过剩压力与油气运移研究

近几年,在鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统长9油层组中不断有新的油气发现,因而对长9油层组石油运移的认识对进一步的勘探开发愈发重要。本文通过对古峰庄－王洼子地区延长组长7—长9油层组流体过剩压力的计算,并结合地球化学特征分析,对该地区长9油藏形成时的油气运移的动力特征进行了研究。结果表明,古峰庄—王洼子地区延长组长9油层组石油和长7油层组烃源岩具有相似的地球化学特征,长9原油可能主要来自于其上部长7油层组源岩。长7油层组源岩层具有远远大于长9油层的过剩压力分布,二者之间具有14 MPa以上过剩压力差值,成为长7油气向长9油层组储层运移的主要动力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组砂体成因与油气差异分布

勘探实践表明,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组油气资源丰富,但不同层系或相同层系油气富集存在明显差异.以鄂尔多斯陇东地区三叠系延长组长9油层组为例,基于大量岩心及钻/测井资料,对其岩性和岩石组合、沉积相类型及石油差异聚集特征进行系统分析.结果表明,陇东地区长9油层组是在鄂尔多斯古湖盆迅速扩大、水体逐渐加深背景下形成的,发育以西南方向物源为主的河控三角洲沉积及湖泊（重力流）沉积,其中三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝及浊积扇等砂体是长9油层组主要的储集砂岩成因类型.受水深、水动力强度以及古地貌等地质因素影响,三角洲前缘水下分流河相互切割叠置,沿主物源分散方向砂体具有“条”状、“带”状、“毯”状再到“席”状平面展布变化特征.陇东地区长9油层组内部原油差异聚集特征明显,油藏内部原油多聚集于水下分流河道、河口坝等厚层砂岩物性相对较好的部位,发育“自生自储”型和“上生下储”型两类油藏.长9油层组以长7黑色页岩为油源的Ⅰ类原油形成“上生下储”型油藏较为普遍,储层以水下分流河道、道-坝复合体砂岩为主,多为岩性、构造-岩性油气藏,沿各个主要物源口形成的三角洲连续分布.而以Ⅱ类原油为主“自生自储”型油藏的形成则与长9烃源岩互层产出浊积扇砂体密切相关,分布于志丹-华池-槐树庄林场一线临近长9油层组半深湖区.显然,“源”-“储”空间配置、砂体的空间连通性和储层物性是延长组长9油层组石油差异运聚的主控因素.      

鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区延长组长8段原油地球化学特征及来源

通过系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地东南部甘泉地区原油、砂岩和烃源岩样品,分析了延长组长8段原油地球化学特征,明确了原油成因和来源。研究表明:长8段原油为正常原油,具有低黏度、低初馏点、低凝点和低含硫量的特征;生物来源为混合型输入,形成于弱氧化-弱还原环境,是生油高峰阶段的产物。根据C₃₀重排藿烷和二环倍半萜类分布特征可将原油分为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类原油,Ⅰ类原油主要分布于长8₁段,Ⅱ类原油主要分布于长8₂段。长9段和长8段烃源岩具低C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT、高-异常高C₃₀重排藿烷含量、低8β(H)升补身烷和8β(H)补身烷含量的特征,长7段烃源岩与之相反。油源对比结果表明,Ⅰ类原油为长7烃源岩贡献,Ⅱ类原油为长8和长9段烃源岩贡献。甘泉地区主要发育长8₂油藏,其西部原油为长8和长9烃源岩贡献,而东部原油主要为长9烃源岩贡献,长7烃源岩次之。研究认识到长8和长9烃源岩的烃类贡献可能是促使长8₂段较长8₁段富集的重要因素,对下步勘探有指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组长3油层组石油运移与充注研究

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国第二大沉积盆地,中生界延长组富含丰富的油气资源。陇东地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,延长组长3段是该区重要的含油层系。在长3油层组原油特征和油源条件分析的基础上,对长3原油中含氮化合物组成和分布进行了探讨,结合成藏期分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长3油层组石油运移特征和注入方向。结果表明,长3油层组原油含氮化合物的分布与组成在纵向和横向上均存在明显的运移分馏效应,较好地指示了该区石油的运移。晚侏罗世至早白垩世,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7优质烃源岩进入生烃门限,并开始大量生烃,且以垂向、侧向、垂向-侧向交替式混合运移的方式,从盆地中心和生烃中心向西部和西南侧向运移和充注,油气充注点位于M18、Z71和Z49等井区周边区域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长6油藏成藏条件和充注模式

姬塬地区长6油层在区域上含油性差异大,西部和东部发育大规模岩性油藏,中部出水井较多。通过对三个地区的烃源岩、储层特征、输导体系、遮挡条件、成藏动力、成藏期次和充注程度研究,明确了成藏条件和成藏机理的差异性。西部烃源岩生烃强度大,裂缝网络发育,过剩压力大,充注程度高,成藏条件优越;东部烃源岩厚度薄,但裂缝发育,储层物性好,源储压差大,石油侧向运移,充注程度较高,成藏条件较好;中部烃源岩厚度薄,裂缝不发育,遮挡条件差,过剩压力低,充注程度低,成藏条件差。成藏条件和成藏机理的差异导致充注模式不同,西部为饱和充注型,东部为欠饱和充注型,中部为欠充注型。研究成果为姬塬地区长6油层石油勘探开发提供指导依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组成岩作用与致密化过程*

利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素及流体包裹体等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组致密储集层特征进行了研究,重点分析了储集层成岩作用特征和储集层致密化成因机制及过程。研究区长8油层组砂岩主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,经历了压实—压溶、胶结、交代、溶蚀及构造破裂等成岩作用,整体处于中成岩A期晚期。典型成岩序列依次为机械压实、绿泥石黏土膜、早期(泥晶)方解石胶结、石英次生加大、长石、岩屑溶蚀、自生高岭石胶结、自生石英胶结、中期(含)铁方解石胶结。综合研究认为:(1)近物源伴随湖平面快速上升的沉积环境提供了储集层致密化的物质基础,不同沉积微相储集层物性差别较大,分流河道最好,分流间湾最差;(2)长8油层组原始孔隙度为41.35%,压实作用损孔率为50.67%,造成储集层孔隙度急剧降低,胶结作用损孔率为37.48%,导致孔隙度进一步减小,溶蚀作用仅增加了3.26%的孔隙度,难以有效改善储集层质量;(3)上述沉积与成岩因素共同导致储集层致密,致密化过程可分为压实孔隙骤减阶段、早期胶结减孔阶段、溶蚀作用增孔阶段和晚期胶结致密阶段共4个阶段;(4)油气大量充注期储集层孔隙度远低于10%,长8油层组先致密后成藏。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴定地区延长组下部油气 成藏模式与主控因素

[摘 要] 在综合沉积相、油源对比、地层压力结构、包裹体均一温度等方面的基础上,对鄂尔多斯盆 地吴起-定边地区延长组下部油气成藏模式与主控因素进行了研究,认为研究区发育长7 和长9 两套烃 源岩,油源对比显示吴定地区长8、长9 油气主要来源于长7 烃源岩,长9 烃源岩次之;延长组长7 生烃 增压是石油向下运移的主要动力,平面上长7 及长8 过剩压力差低值背景下的高值区是油气聚集的主 要场所;延长组下部以三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝为主,能够形成孔渗条件较好的储集空间;且 长8、长9 油藏具有“幕式充注、连续成藏冶的特征,两者同属于源下成藏组合;综合分析认为上三叠统油 藏分布主要受“近源、低压、优相冶三大因素的控制。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾油田长6段储层沉积相及勘探方向

通过对下寺湾油田长6段已知油藏沉积相、沉积微相的研究分析,认识到低孔、低渗油田有利储层分布主要受沉积相带的控制,本地区三角洲前缘亚相的分流河道和河口坝微相是主要的储集层,同时油气富集也受局部微幅度构造的影响。本区生、储、盖组合关系良好,具备形成大规模油藏的条件,在勘探方向上以已知油藏为中心,向东、西两侧进行勘探,将会有更大发现。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区上三叠统延长组原油地球化学特征及油源对比

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组油源一直存在争议,尤以长8~长10油藏的油源问题最为突出。通过吴堡地区延长组长6~长10原油的物理性质、族组成、生物标志化合物等特征,油-油、油-源对比等综合分析,探讨延长组原油的成因,明确各油层组石油来源,为该区的油气勘探与预测提供地质依据。结果显示,长6~长10原油族组分具有饱和烃含量最高,芳香烃次之,非烃和沥青质含量最低的特征。长6~长10均为成熟原油,显示出低等水生生物和高等植物混合成因,但长6原油与长7~长10原油族组成特征存在明显差异。长6原油为长7烃源岩早期烃类运移的结果,其成熟度最低,长7~长10原油为生烃高峰阶段石油运移结果,成熟度较高。长6和长7油藏的原油主要为长7底部张家滩页岩贡献,此外,长7中上部和长6地层中发育的有效烃源岩也有一定贡献。长8油藏原油为混合成因原油,主要为长7底部烃源岩向下运移结果,其次为长8内部烃源岩和长9顶部李家畔页岩之贡献。长9油藏原油主要为李家畔页岩向下倒灌形成,长10油藏可能主要为长92有效烃源岩向下运移成藏。热成熟度不同是导致远离主力烃源岩原油族组分之间差异性的主要原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地董志——正宁地区原油地球化学特征与成因

鄂尔多斯盆地董志—正宁地区是该盆地中生界油气勘探新区,对该地区原油的地球化学进行研究,了解原油的成因,可以为该地区石油勘探和开发提供科学依据。本研究首次对采集于董志—正宁地区原油和鄂尔多斯盆地烃源岩的烃类生物标志化合物进行了系统的分析,研究了它们的地球化学特征。原油中各类烃类生物标志化合物分布和组成特征指示了原油形成于...     

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长10油源及成藏条件分析

在鄂尔多斯盆地的陕北志丹地区勘探发现了长10油藏,原油密度为0．8152g／cm^3,全烃色谱图的主峰为nC13～nC15油质较轻。轻烃组分中环烷烃较为丰富,芳烃含量低,呈姥植均势（Pr／Ph为1．21～1.45）,原油的δ^13CP08值为-31．78％。,甾萜烷分布与主要参数特征为：重排藿烷类相对丰度很高、伽马蜡烷低,Ts／Tm比值很高（5.54～7．26）C30^＊／C50藿烷比值高（0．67～0．72）,C29Ts／C30藿烷比值高（0．38～0．52）,甾烷中重排甾烷较高、αβ和βα构型甾烷丰富。ααα-20R构型甾烷呈不对称“V”型分布,反映了较为典型的湖相油型油特征。油-油、油-源对比显不,该区长10原油来自长7优质烃源岩。石油可能是在湖盆中部长7优质烃源岩发育的地区通过垂向倒灌进入长10油层组、经侧向运聚成藏的。据此,预测盆地长9和长10油层组具备良好的成藏与勘探潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组层序地层格架中烃源岩特征及控制因素

三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界重要的含油气层位,属典型的岩性油藏,具有含油层位多、成藏关系复杂的特点,其中烃源岩发育特征对岩性油藏分布具有重要的控制作用.基于露头和测井资料,将鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组自下而上划分为SQ1、SQ2和SQ3三个三级层序,研究了层序地层格架控制下烃源岩的发育特征及其控制因素.研究结果表明:主力烃源岩赋存于湖侵体系域,以长7段为代表,属湖泊扩张至最大湖泛期物源补给欠补偿时半深湖-深湖相沉积,缺乏大量陆源碎屑注入而发育腐泥组占绝对优势的高有机质丰度烃源岩.高位体系域亦发育有烃源岩,如长9段和长6-4+5段,属最大湖泛期后物源补给超过基准面上升而向湖盆推进的滨湖相、浅湖相沉积,陆源碎屑输入致其表现为腐植型占优势且具较高有机质丰度的烃源岩.油源对比显示延长组油源主要来自晚三叠世延长组最大湖泛期形成的长7段湖侵体系域,说明不同体系域烃源岩对延长组油藏的贡献存在差异.层序地层沉积动力背景下体系域可容纳空间垂向与侧向变化,不仅决定体系域内部沉积相类型展布,更直接控制体系域内烃源岩有机质丰度和类型.研究层序地层格架中不同体系域内烃源岩赋存的差异性,有助于在层序沉积背景下预测和评价盆地内烃源岩分布规律.      

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段与威利斯顿盆地Bakken组致密油形成条件的对比及其意义

自北美Bakken组致密油成功开发以后,致密油资源已成为各国非常规油气资源勘探开发的热点领域,我国在鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油的勘探开发中取得了一定的突破。从地质背景、岩性特征、生油岩特征、储集条件等方面,将威利斯顿盆地Bakken组与鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段致密油的成藏机理和富集规律进行系统对比。对比结果显示两者在构造背景、源储配置关系、生油岩特征、储集层特征等方面相似,不同之处在于延长组的泥页岩平均厚度大于Bakken组。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段和威利斯顿盆地Bakken组致密油具有极其相似的成藏条件和富集规律,认为鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油具有较好的勘探前景。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Their Geological Significance of the Sterane in the Crude oil of Chang 2 Oil Group in Yanchang Formation in Xifeng area,Ordos Basin

Xifeng area is a key oil and gas exploration and development area in the Ordos Basin. The Chang 2 oil group of Yanchang Formation is an important replacement oil‐bearing horizon in this area. The sterane compounds in the saturated hydrocarbons of crude oil contain abundant geochemical information and can reflect the source of parent materials and the maturity of crude oil, so they are important information carriers for oil source correlation(Huang et al., 1991; Duan, et al., 2001). In this paper, the crude oil samples were systematically collected from the reservoirs of Chang 2 oil group in 10 production wells in Xifeng area and the group compounds of crude oil were separated. The separated saturated hydrocarbon components were tested by chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and the sterane compounds were identified and analyzed. The geochemical characteristics of the sterane in the saturated hydrocarbons of crude oil and their geological significance could provide a scientific basis for the oil source correlation of Chang 2 oil group at late stage.     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part II. Migration, accumulation and mixing of crude oils

Measurements of the absolute and relative concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils from different reservoir strata (Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous) in the Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, showed that even though there are quite a number of factors affecting the distributional and compositional characteristics of neutral nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils, the distributional and compositional characteristics of crude oils whose source conditions are approximate to one another are influenced mainly by the migration and fractionation effects in the process of formation of oil reservoirs. In addition, crude oils in the Tazhong region show obvious migration-fractionation effects in the vertical direction. Carboniferous crude oils are characterized by high migration parameters and low compound concentrations, just in contrast to Ordovician crude oils. This indicates that crude oils from shallow-level oil reservoirs were derived from those of deep-level oil reservoirs via faults, unconformable contact or carrier beds. Crude oils from the Tazhong region show some migration-fractionation effects in the lateral direction, but mixing of crude oils derived from different hydrocarbon source rocks in the process of formation of oil reservoirs made it more complicated the migration and accumulation of crude oils, as well as the formation of oil reservoirs.     

Characteristics and Origin of Tight Oil Accumulations in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, North-Central China

The Upper Triassic oil accumulations in the Ordos Basin is the most successful tight oil play in China,with average porosity values of less than 10% and permeability values below 1.0 mD.This study investigated the geological characteristics and origin of the tight oil accumulations in the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Shanbei area based on over 50,000 petrological,source-rock analysis,well logging and production data.The tight oil accumulation of the Chang 6 member is distributed continuously in the basin slope and the centre of the basin.The oilwater relationships are complex.Laumontite dissolution pores are the most important storage spaces,constituting 30%-60% of total porosity and showing a strong positive relationship with oil production.The pore-throat diameter is less than 1 μm,and the calculated critical height of the oil column is much larger than the tight sand thickness,suggesting that the buoyancy was probably of limited importance for oil migration.The pressure difference between the source rocks and sandstone reservoirs is inferred to have provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration.Two factors of source-reservoir configuration and laumontite dissolution contributed to the formation of the Chang 6 tight oil accumulations.Intense hydrocarbon generation and continuous sand bodies close to the hydrocarbon kitchen are the foundation for the large-scale oil distribution.Dissolution of feldspar-laumontite during the process of organic matter evolution generated abundant secondary pores and improved the reservoir quality.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长8油层组成藏特征及控制因素

通过对储层荧光、储层包裹体及原油和储层抽提物地球化学特征分析,结合储层、源岩分布特征及其接触关系,深入系统地研究了鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长8油层组成藏特征及其控制因素。长8段储层镜下存在两种不同颜色荧光,包裹体均一化温度频率分布存在两个峰值,流动原油的成熟度高于储层抽提物,且储层抽提物存在较严重的生物降解,说明长8油层组存在两期成藏。根据源岩演化史和储层包裹体均一化温度推断,第一期成藏发生在晚侏罗世,此时长7段源岩进入生烃门限,形成的低演化阶段产物遭生物降解形成沥青,目前油藏中的油主要是早白垩世聚集的成熟油。指出长8段油藏的分布受沉积相带、储层特征、烃源岩、储层与源岩接触关系、沥青堵塞孔隙等多种因素控制。华庆地区虽靠近长7期湖盆沉积中心,但源岩厚度及纯度存在差异,烃源岩厚度以及源岩与储层之间的输导层共同控制着该区长8段储层的含油性,烃源岩与储层之间的致密岩性段可阻碍油往下运移到长8段成藏。     

Molecular correlation of free oil,adsorbed oil and inclusion oil of reservoir rocks in the Tazhong Uplift of the Tarim Basin,China

The free, adsorbed and inclusion oils were recovered by sequential extraction from eleven oil and tar containing reservoir rocks in the Tazhong Uplift of Tarim Basin. The results of gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry analyses of these oil components and seven crude oils collected from this region reveal multiple oil charges derived from different source rocks for these oil reservoirs. The initially charged oils show strong predominance of even over odd n-alkanes in the range n-C₁₂ to n-C₂₀ and have ordinary maturities, while the later charged oils do not exhibit any predominance of n-alkanes and have high maturities. The adsorbed and inclusion oils of the reservoir rocks generally have high relative concentrations of gammacerane and C₂₈ steranes, similar to the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. In contrast, the free oils of these reservoir rocks generally have low relative concentrations of gammacerane and C₂₈ steranes, similar to the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. There are two interpretations of this result: (1) the initially charged oils are derived from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks while the later charged oils are derived from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks; and (2) both the initially and later charged oils are mainly derived from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks but the later charged oils are contaminated by the oil components from the Silurian tar sandstones and the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks.     

Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods of the Fluid Inclusions in the Sandstone Reservoirs of Chang 9 Oil Groups in Yanchang Formation,Huaqing Area

Huaqing area is an important area for oil and gas exploration and development in the Ordos Basin, within which, the Chang 9 oil group of Triassic Yanchang Formation is one of the main intervals for exploration and development (Zhang et al., 2011). Fluid inclusions record abundant oil and gas accumulation information and important oil and gas migration and accumulation history information(Parnell et al., 1998; Parnell, 2010; Jiang et al., 2018). The occurrence, distribution and intersection of the fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals were observed under microscope. The accurate formation periods of inclusions are key to determine hydrocarbon accumulation periods (Burrus et al., 1985; Zhou et al., 2000; Zhao, 2002). In addition, the fluorescence color and brightness of organic inclusions observed by fluorescence microscopy could be used to roughly identify the oil and gas evolution stages (Zhang et al., 2010). Therefore, the occurrence, distribution and fluorescence characteristics of oil and gas inclusions were important evidence for judging the hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The fluid inclusions in sandstone reservoirs of Chang 9 oil group in Huaqing Area were observed in detail, and the observation results revealed that fluid inclusions were widespread in Chang 9 sandstone and exhibited various types. Through comprehensive analyses, it was considered that the fluid inclusions in Chang 9 sandstone reservoirs indicated three hydrocarbon accumulation periods.