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海底沉积物声学的现场测量和取样系统 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
1 引言 随着海洋开发和军事海洋学的兴起,海底声学参数的现场取得成为海底沉积物物理学方面极为关注的事情.沉积物声速与物理力学参数之间的密切关系,成为利用声学方法反演得到海底工程性质的基础.人们已日益对这方面的认识得到加深.声学技术逐渐成为有效探测海底沉积构造,寻找海底资源的有用工具,特别是声源技术、信号处理、终端显示技术、计算机技术和其他电器零部件的进步,使得采用声学方法直接测量和识别海底沉积物类型、性状、层理成为可能.本项目的提出,至少有如下几个方面的迫切需要. 相似文献
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中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理性质及其相关关系 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
在获得的数据资料基础上,发现了中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理参数的平面分布规律,通过对这些参数的回归分析以及对声速和沉积物密度的估计,建立了经验公式。结果显示,中国东南近海海底沉积物的基本声学物理特性如下:沉积物类型多样而且复杂,从黏土到砂砾有13个颗粒组分组合;沉积物物理力学参数变化范围较大;沉积物声学性质相对于附近海域的数据变化范围更大。这些都与海底沉积环境、沉积物来源、沉积条件和沉积作用过程有关。该项研究有助于建立海底地声模型及开展应用。 相似文献
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声信号在海中传播时,海水介质下边界海底的声学特性对海中声信号的传播有着显著的影响。在声学研究领域及海洋学研究领域,国内外对浅海海底的物理参数及其声学特性已经获得了大量的研究结果。近年来国外对深海沉积物声学特性的研究日益重视。 相似文献
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海底表层沉积物具有多相、多颗粒、多形态的组成结构,导致其声学特性复杂多样。通过分析压缩波速度和切变波速度特性的研究现状,指出有待于解决的科学问题和关键技术问题。在分析国内外有关海底沉积层声速特性研究基础上,提出采取系统、可控的实验测量手段解决当前测量存在的4点问题。综合分析了压缩波速度和切变波速度存在的统计回归关系和理论分析关系,探讨了当前地声反演、采样样品声学测量、原位声学测量3种方法存在的测量尺度、测量频率、测量状态等的差异,探讨建立不同测量方法和测量技术对测量结果进行统一性解释的方法,从而获得不同类型、不同区域的海底表层沉积物真实的声速特性。最后,从实验室声学测量、物理力学参数测量、流固耦合特性分析、原位测量及海底监测、采样测量与原位测量的误差分析及校正、海底大纵深声学测量6个方面提出技术需求,为提高声学探测海洋和海底的精度服务,推动海洋声学探测和海洋工程发展。 相似文献
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赵迺淼 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1983,(2)
中国科学院数理学部、中国声学学会和中国海洋物理学会为配合石油攻关,开展海洋油田勘探、开发和海洋工程工作于1983年3月1日至4日在广州召开海底沉积层声学讨论会.来自科学院、国家海洋局、高等院校、石油部和地质矿产部等30个单位的55名代表出席了会议.中国海洋学会理事长、国家海洋局局长罗钰如,中国科学员学部委员、声部研究所所长汪德昭教授等,在开幕式上讲了话.他们指出:近几年来海底沉积层声学的研究在国际上普遍受到重视,我国在这方面的工作也取得进展,这次召开海底沉积层声学讨论会,围绕着如何为海上石油开发中的科学技术问题开展讨论,是很适宜的.会议组织了个几个学术报告,探讨了有关海底沉积层的声遥测识别,海底沉积物声学与力学特性的关系、非线性声学在海底探测中的应用、海洋声学仪器设备在海洋工程中的应用等问题,并且交流了近几年对海底沉积层声速和衰减系数等方面取得的一些测量结果.会议归纳了以下一些意见和建议: 相似文献
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海洋沉积物及其声学物理性质的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、引言 海洋沉积物声学物理性质的研究,是近二、三十年间由于以下各方面的需要而迅速发展起来的。 (一)由于回声测深仪在航海和海洋调查中日益广泛的应用,不断有人尝试从回声测深记录中提取更多有用的信息,亦即希望遍及世界海洋底部的大量回声测深结果不仅提供单一的海洋水深读数,而且能附带地给出有关底质类型及其分布范围、海底浅层物质的结构和层理等资料。这对军事部门和海洋研究者将具有不可估量的价值。对回声测深记录曲线的灰度进行分析和判读,似乎能解决前一个要求,即确定底质的类型和分布。旁测声纳的发明和投入使用,更对这方面的探索研究给以新的有力推动。 (二)水声学特别是浅海水声设备作用距离的研究表明,在基本相同的水文条件下,不同底质的海区可能使传播条件出现重大差异,因而引起了水声学家们对海底沉积物声学物理特性的注意。实践表明,海底沉积物的性质对海洋中声的反射、散射和吸收等一系列特性都有重要的影响,水声学的许多问题不能脱离海底这个下部边界的条件而取得准确的解答。 相似文献
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在南黄海某一典型的砂质海底区域,采用全向性声源和全向性接收水听器开展了频率范围为6-24 kHz的海底反向声散射测量。测量结果表明,在避免海面散射干扰并满足远场条件的情况下,本次实验获得了掠射角范围为18~80°的海底反向声散射强度,其数值为-41.1~24.4 dB。在有效掠射角范围内,声散射强度总体上随掠射角的增大呈现出增大趋势,但对于不同的频率,其变化趋势有所不同,反映出不同的散射机理。在20°、40°和60°掠射角处,在6-24 kHz的频率范围内反向声散射强度总体上呈现出正相关的频率依赖性,其线性相关斜率分别为0.2229 dB/kHz、0.5130 dB/kHz、0.1746 dB/kHz。在最大掠射角80°处,反向声散射强度未呈现出明显的频率相关性。 相似文献
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星载SAR浅海水下地形和水深测量模拟仿真──水下地形高度、坡度和方向与可测水深分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
根据星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)浅海水下地形和水深成像机理,建立了浅海水下地形和水深雷达后向散射截面仿真模型.利用该模型模拟并分析了不同地形条件下,浅海水下地形的雷达后向散射截面.分析结果表明,水下地形高度越高,SAR可测量的水深越深;水下地形坡度越大,越易被SAR所观测.水下地形的星载SAR测量还与水下地形的方向有关,与卫星飞行方向平行的水下地形最易被SAR观测,与卫星飞行方向垂直的水下地形最不易被SAR观测. 相似文献
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一种分层海底反向散射模型 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In order to predict the bottom backscattering strength more accurately, the stratified structure of the seafloor is considered. The seafloor is viewed as an elastic half-space basement covered by a fluid sediment layer with finite thickness. On the basis of calculating acoustic field in the water, the sediment layer, and the basement, four kinds of scattering mechanisms are taken into account, including roughness scattering from the water-sediment interface, volume scattering from the sediment layer, roughness scattering from the sediment-basement interface,and volume scattering from the basement. Then a backscattering model for a stratified seafloor applying to low frequency(0.1–10 kHz) is established. The simulation results show that the roughness scattering from the sediment-basement interface and the volume scattering from the basement are more prominent at relative low frequency(below 1.0 kHz). While with the increase of the frequency, the contribution of them to total bottom scattering gradually becomes weak. And the results ultimately approach to the predictions of the high-frequency(10–100 kHz) bottom scattering model. When the sound speed and attenuation of the shear wave in the basement gradually decrease, the prediction of the model tends to that of the full fluid model, which validates the backscattering model for the stratified seafloor in another aspect. 相似文献
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I~IOXThe image technology of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of most important advances in spaceberne microwave remote sensing (Larson et al., 1976). It has extensive application in the ocean remote sensing, such as inversion of the sea subdue winds and currentS, reconstruction of underwater hatom topography and so on. Owing tO the high conductivity of sea water, an electromagnetic wave actually cannot penetrate into the sea water, with extremely smallPenetration depth (abbot 1 c… 相似文献
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用合成孔径雷达图像反演浅海水下地形的一种方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海流与海底地形的相互作用导致了海表面的粗糙起伏,从而引起对海面观测的雷达散射截面的变化。在浅海海流速度垂直分布廓线为均匀的假定下,由流体连续性方程和驰豫时间近似下流体力学弱相互作用的理论,已证明雷达散射截面的空间变化正比于海流方向上海流速度变化的梯度。研究了合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海面的观测图像在无槽道信息和海流方向预知条件下,提出用散射系数的二维相关函数确定海流方向。在海流速度和方向已知条件下,推导了由雷达散射截面的空间变化迭推反演浅海水下地形的公式,并研究了航天飞机SIR-CSAR在我香港特区海域的二维图像反演浅海水下地形的应用。 相似文献
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Experimental measurements of the bottom backscattering strength from carbonate sediments were made with a 200-kHz multibeam
sonar mounted on a remotely operated vehicle. Results were obtained from eight different sites, which may be grouped into
three categories, labeled soft, medium and hard, according to measured sediment sound speed. Sediment samples were gathered
at or near each site to help interpret the acoustic results. The acoustic results are compared with extant published data
and with the BOGGART bottom backscatter model. Backscattering strength values measured in the soft and medium sites fell within
the main cluster of previously published values from sediments of similar grain sizes. The values from the hard region fell
close to the upper limit. Dependence of the apparent backscattering strength on sonar height above bottom, particularly for
the lower values of height above bottom, was observed, which suggests that the scattering process is a multiple-scattering
one. 相似文献
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A 2,500-km2 area of sea floor on the south-eastern flank of the Greater Antilles Outer Ridge north of the Puerto Rico Trench displays anomalously high acoustic backscattering properties on GLORIA longrange sidescan-sonar data. Previously collected dredges, bottom photographs, and sediment cores indicate the presence of Fe–Mn nodules within the area of high backscatter. We were able to map the extent of the inferred nodule field on the basis of acoustic property contrast between the nodule-covered sediment and the surrounding nodule-free sediment. 相似文献
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Seafloor acoustic remote sensing with multibeam echo-sounders and bathymetric sidescan sonar systems 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper examines the potential for remote classification of seafloor terrains using a combination of quantitative acoustic backscatter measurements and high resolution bathymetry derived from two classes of sonar systems currently used by the marine research community: multibeam echo-sounders and bathymetric sidescans sonar systems. The high-resolution bathymetry is important, not only to determine the topography of the area surveyed, but to provide accurate bottom slope corrections needed to convert the arrival angles of the seafloor echoes received by the sonars into true angles of incidence. An angular dependence of seafloor acoustic backscatter can then be derived for each region surveyed, making it possible to construct maps of acoustic backscattering strength in geographic coordinates over the areas of interest. Such maps, when combined with the high-resolution bathymetric maps normally compiled from the data output by the above sonar systems, could be very effective tools to quantify bottom types on a regional basis, and to develop automatic seafloor classification routines. 相似文献