海洋大数据处理软件体系结构设计

针对海洋数据格式与海洋信息应用系统的异构性,提出一种基于移动代码(Mobile code)的海洋大数据处理软件体系结构。首先,利用统一的网络服务接口与数据交换格式,规范海洋信息应用系统之间的数据访问与共享。其次,通过移动代码将海洋大数据的处理过程移至云端,提高信息处理效率。应用示例实现了异构海洋信息应用系统间的互操作,并且缩短了海量数据的处理时间,验证了该体系结构在海洋大数据处理中的通用性与有效性。     

新近纪深海大洋红层的分布分类及成因

新近纪大洋红层是一种在氧化条件下形成的红色-粉色-棕色海洋沉积物。白垩纪大洋红层研究成果众多,然而新近纪大洋红层研究缺乏系统的分析和总结。本文以新近纪大洋红层为研究对象,通过对全球大洋钻探井位资料的分析,发现39个钻井含有新近纪大洋红层。通过对不同大洋区域、不同钻井内93个红层离散样品的主量元素CaO,Al2O3和SiO2含量进行三元图投点分析,将新近纪大洋红层分为铝质和钙质大洋红层,其中绝大多数为铝质大洋红层。进一步分析了部分钻井中离散样品的磁化率变化、反射光谱一阶导数曲线、热退磁曲线和交变磁场退磁曲线变化,结果表明新近纪大洋红层的致色矿物以赤铁矿为主。12个钻井中新近纪大洋红层离散样品的低总有机碳含量和低CaCO3含量指示较低的生物生产力,此外19个钻井中红层的沉积速率平均为4 mm/ka,而非红层的沉积速率平均为85.3 mm/ka,指示红层的沉积速率相对较低。总结和分析新近纪大洋红层的以上特征,本文认为较低的有机质堆积速率为铁氧化物(赤铁矿)的形成提供了有利的氧化条件,使得沉积物中的铁氧化物在成岩阶段得以保存,最终形成全球分布的新近纪大洋红层。     

"大洋一号"科考船返青

1999年10月12日“大洋一号”科考船全面完成中国大洋矿产资源研究与开发协会“九五”第10航次的大洋考察任务返抵青岛。科考船于今年6月16日从青岛港起航,来自国内外十多个单位的101名调查队队员及船员,辗转太平洋,历时119天,航程20143km,圆满完成富钻壳预选区、中国多金属结核开辟区环境基线调查任务,取得海底结核样品、岩石样品7000多公斤,海底照相资料17多公里长。“大洋一号”科考船返青     

基于本体的海洋地球化学数据互操作系统设计与实现

国际深海资源的勘查和开发,积累了大量珍贵的大洋样品和分析测试数据。为完成多源异构海洋地质化学数据的自动集成和智能检索,设计了基于大洋样品本体模型的大洋样品地质化学数据互操作系统。系统为三层架构,分别是数据层、语义层和应用层。数据层完成了数据汇交模板定制;语义层完成了模式和语义互操作;应用层完成了基于语义的一站式数据检索。系统在ODP-ICP-AES、PetDB、GEOROC 3个数据库模型上进行了实验,实验结果显示:该系统在确保数据源独立性、安全性、时效性的前提下,实现了海量大洋调查数据和模型的复用。     

大洋矿产资源信息管理现状与发展设想

大洋矿产资源信息管理是海洋信息化建设的一项重要内容。文章总结回顾了大洋矿产资源信息管理的发展历程、取得的成果和现状,提出大洋矿产资源信息管理未来发展设想。多年滚动式发展的大洋矿产资源数据库及管理信息系统的建设,为大洋矿产资源评价、矿区圈定、海洋权益维护等领域提供了可靠信息保障和技术支撑。伴随大洋资料量的迅猛增长,用户需求增加,大洋矿产资源信息管理运行体系急需完善,管理技术和管理水平也要不断提高,才能满足社会对大洋信息的使用需求,更好地实现大洋信息资源共享。     

基于地理坐标的海洋环境监测站位代码设计

为解决目前我国海洋环境监测站位编码不统一、不唯一和不稳定等问题,提高监测数据应用水平和海洋信息化能力,文章参考我国渔区编码规则,基于海洋环境监测站位的地理坐标设计站位代码,并以山东省海域为例具体说明。海洋环境监测站位代码由监测区、监测小区和监测点3个部分组成8位阿拉伯数字,将海域按经、纬度各30′划分监测区并顺序编码0000~9999(第1~4位),将每个监测区按经、纬度各3′划分监测小区并顺序编码00~99(第5~6位),将每个监测小区按经、纬度各0.3′划分监测点并顺序编码00~99(第7~8位)。该代码设计规则仅与监测站位的地理坐标相关,具有统一性、唯一性和稳定性,且容量较大,可满足我国海洋环境趋势性监测和绝大部分海洋环境业务化监测的需要。     

大洋沉积物稀土元素地球化学研究中样品的选取和前期处理

稀土元素地球化学可以广泛地应用于大洋沉积物的研究中,根据研究目标,选择不同的沉积组分进行分析。全岩样品可以应用于不同类型沉积物间的比较和分类,生物组分如磷质骨屑、有孔虫和钙质超微化石应用于研究古海水的演化特征,而粘土级组分则是研究大洋粘土来源的最佳样品,在研究火山活动历史时,应选择沸石粘土作为样品。上述这些样品多是采用适当的步骤从全岩中分离而出。     

高校网络信息应用分类研究

传统分类法是1种重要的信息组织方式,目前的网络环境对传统信息分类法提出了新的要求。DDC,LCC,UDC等传统分类工具在对网络资源组织时,存在着自身优势和局限性,传统分类法在未来的发展中应该遵循一定的原则,对构建统一的网络资源分类法提出了建议。     

渤海区域地质信息管理系统数据模型

以渤海区域地质信息管理系统数据模型为例,阐述了基于GIS的海洋地学管理信息系统中数据的组织方法,包括数据分类、分层方案、命名及编码规则、空间数据库和属性数据库的建设以及两者之间的关系.通过设置基础表,解决了系统中说明性信息难以代码化的难题,并在此基础上设计了系统的数据模型.     

西北太平洋不同区域海平面变化特征分析

重点研究西北太平洋长期验潮站海平面变化的季节、年际和年代际变化特征。所选站点多年平均变化速率为1.71mm/a。结果表明,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区主要周期均为12个月;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区部分低纬度站点存在6个月周期;所有站点都存在明显的年际和年代际周期信号;中高纬度地区年代际信号强于年际信号,热带地区年际信号强于年代际信号;近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区站点年际和年代际变化具有明显的地域性;热带地区受ENSO影响强于中高纬度地区,热带大洋区受ENSO影响强于大洋沿岸区,热带大洋沿岸区受ENSO影响强于近岸区;受PDO影响较明显的站点位于25°N～40°N的中纬度地区。1993—2010年间,近岸区、大洋沿岸区、大洋区验潮站、大洋区T/P的主要周期均为12个月,但变化速率和季节变化振幅各不同,大洋区验潮站滞后其他区近1个月达到极值。     

Turbo码在水下无线通信中的应用

详细阐述了Turbo码的原理，围绕Turbo码技术具体实现了一个水声通信系统，并用VC对系统进行仿真。仿真的结果及水池中获得的试验数据表明，该方案可使水下无线通信系统的性能得到显著改善。     

无线通信在海上数据采集系统中的应用

本文针对海上数据采集系统在信号传输方面存在的不足之处，提出采用微机控制下的无线通信方式进行改进。文中介绍了系统设计思想，系统硬件构成，通过对传输数据进行ＤＴＭＦ编码，大大提高了系统的可靠性。     

Analysis of accidents in Greek shipping during the pre- and post-ISM period

In shipping, safety depends on the reliability of the technical and human components of the ship-system, although the marine environment itself may sometimes be so hostile as to give rise to accidents that are beyond technical and human control. The need for a continuous analysis of shipping accidents is dictated by the accumulated evidence for the predominance of the human factor and the ever-increasing pressure for further improvement on the safety record of shipping. In this context, the effectiveness of enforced regulations towards the promotion of safety policy in shipping is assessed and the debate and focus on this issue are maintained.     

Compliance of bag net fishery of Maharashtra coast,India with Article 7 of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

The paper presents the results of evaluation of compliance of the bag net fishery of Maharashtra coast, India with the relevant clauses of Article 7 (Fisheries management) of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). Questionnaire-based approach that covered ten categories of stakeholders responsible wholly or partially for the management of the bag net fishery was used in the present study. Evaluation of the Code revealed an overall compliance level of 67.52%. The study identified the critical areas of low compliance levels that require immediate attention. Though the bag net fishery is the most common and traditional fishery of Maharashtra that supports livelihood of several fishers, there is no specific policy to regulate, develop and ensure sustainability of the bag net fish resources. Therefore the Code could be taken as a reference document to facilitate responsible management of the bag net fishery taking the local conditions into account. The findings of the present study could be used as a diagnostic tool to help in suggesting measures to ensure sustainability of the bag net fishery resources achievable by making amendments to the fisheries policies of the State.     

Codes of conduct in the South China Sea and Taiwan's stand

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China are in the process of negotiating a regional code of conduct in the South China Sea. It is believed that the code, if adopted, will help to build trust and confidence among the claimants to ownership of the disputed islands located in the Spratlys/South China Sea area as well as promote stability in the Asia–Pacific region. Taiwan is one of the six parties directly involved in the sovereignty and maritime jurisdictional disputes in the area. However, it has been excluded from participating in the regional efforts to formulate the code of conduct. This article examines the current situation of the formulation of the ASEAN–China regional code of conduct in the South China Sea and Taiwan's stand on the issue.     

An evaluation of progress in implementing ecosystem-based management of fisheries in 33 countries

The performance of 33 countries was evaluated for ecosystem-based management (EBM) of fisheries in three fields (principles, criteria and implementation) using quantitative ordination including uncertainty. No country rated overall as ‘good’, only four countries were ‘adequate’, while over half received ‘fail’ grades. A few developing countries performed better than many developed nations. Two case studies test the method. In Indonesia, Raja Ampat and Papua, rated similar to the national evaluation, but better performance might follow successful implementation of a planned EBM initiative. A workshop in Australia rated regional fisheries managed by New South Wales 20% lower for EBM than federally managed fisheries.     

基于海洋生态约束定量化模拟的填海造地平面设计方法研究

针对填海造地巨大的工程影响和极其缺乏平面设计准则的现实需要,引入海洋生态约束的核心价值判断标准和环境流体动力学模型,通过对不同填海造地平面设计方案的海洋环境扰动能力模拟,评判填海造地平面设计准则和方法。在具体模拟过程中,按照填海造地平面设计的要素分为形态类要素、间距类要素、组合方式类要素3大类别5个模拟组19种工况,依次对比模拟了不同工况在水动力学特征(流场和流速)和水体交换能力上的影响差异。进而通过评判工况优劣,分析不同规划要素条件变量对海洋环境的影响,从而总结了5组工况下的相关填海造地区域平面设计在形态类要素、间距类要素、组合方式类要素方面的准则。     

An evaluation of the Marine Living Resources Act and supporting legal instruments as a framework for implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries in South Africa

The Marine Living Resources Act (MLRA), which was enacted in 1998, is the primary legislation addressing South Africa's marine fisheries. In June 2012, another important instrument, the Policy for the Small Scale Fisheries Sector (SSFP) in South Africa, was adopted to rectify the exclusion of many small-scale fishers from access to resources, that had resulted from weaknesses in the MLRA. This paper assesses the MLRA, aspects of the SSFP and selected other subsidiary policies and regulations in relation to current best-practices, especially the extent to which they support an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The study concludes that there are some serious gaps and shortcomings in the MLRA that should be addressed. These include, among others, the need to: (i) revise the MLRA so as to incorporate requirements for open and transparent management and governance; (ii) entrench the principles of co-management, emphasised in the SSFP, for all fisheries; and (iii) include a legal requirement for detailed management plans for all fisheries. Despite these shortcomings, there has been considerable progress in implementation of EAF, at least in the country's bigger fisheries. However, this should not be seen as a justification for avoiding or delaying a revision of the MLRA to bring it into line with modern best-practices as encompassed by EAF.     

Recovering after a maritime terrorist attack: The APEC Trade Recovery Programme

Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon in the United States, many measures have been taken to prevent similar attacks from happening against iconic targets from the land, air, or sea. However, most of the efforts have so far focussed only on the prevention of terrorist attacks. The APEC Trade Recovery Programme (TRP) was developed to increase the speed of post-incident recovery amongst the APEC economies and the US to facilitate a resumption of trade after a terrorist incident.     

Citation analysis for the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

This paper presents the results of a 2008 citation-analysis study that was undertaken for the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its associated instruments. The overall objective of this study was to contribute towards a strategy for improved dissemination, awareness raising and communication about the Code and its implementation. For each citation, additional information was collected to identify patterns by year, topic, author affiliation or type of literature. Results support previously suggested anecdotal patterns, in particular related to the diversity of publishing outlets and the high proportion of fisheries information published as grey literature. The results also point to areas of concern for long-term preservation and dissemination of fisheries information.