泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)肉质的蛋白组学研究

采用双向电泳技术,对广东阳江和浙江乐清两地的泥蚶肌肉全蛋白进行了研究,并利用质谱和软件对差异蛋白进行了分析.研究结果表明,阳江和乐清两地样品平均检测到的蛋白点数分别为674±25和746±34个,平均匹配率为78.6%.差异表达蛋白质点数为26个,其中3个点仅在阳江泥蚶中表达,5个点仅在乐清泥蚶中表达;6个点在阳江泥蚶中为高表达,12个点在阳江泥蚶中为低表达.选择其中6个具有代表性的蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱分析.结果显示,乐清泥蚶中高表达的4个蛋白确定为肌动蛋白、PRKA激酶锚定蛋白9、烯醇化酶.这些物质与泥蚶的肉质特性有一定关联.乐清地区出产的泥蚶在营养、肉质和鲜美度方面均优于阳江地区的泥蚶.     

中华白海豚SRAP分子标记多态性的初步研究

首次将SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)方法引入中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)多态性研究中,利用高分辨率的毛细管凝胶电泳分析了模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTP、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶等因素对SRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响.确定了me1-em5为扩增中华白海豚基因组DNA的最佳引物对.并进一步确立了适合中华白海豚的SRAP最佳反应体系:25 mm3体系中,模板DNA浓度为0.8 ng/mm3,Mg2+浓度为1.0 mmol/dm3,dNTP浓度为0.1 mmol/dm3,引物浓度为0.2μmol/dm3,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度为0.04 U/mm3.利用该反应体系对10个白海豚样品进行SRAP分析的结果表明,不同样品间DNA谱带清晰、多态性丰富.证实该体系稳定可靠,可以用于中华白海豚的分子标记研究.     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海水中的IO_3~-和I~-

研究了离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC-ICPMS)联用技术直接进样测定海水中IO3-和I-的方法.采用IonPacAG23离子色谱保护柱分离IO3-和I-,以浓度4.0mmol/dm3的KOH为流动相,流量为1.0cm3/min,每个样品的分析时间为2.5min.采用2.5×10-3cm3的进样量,IO3-和I-的检出限分别达到0.6和0.4nmol/dm3,可满足海水中碘形态的定量分析.该方法的IO3-和I-浓度范围在2.0nmol/dm3～2.0μmol/dm3.     

海水中-氧化氮的化学发光法测定

基于鲁米诺-H2O2混合溶液作为发光液与海水中NO发生反应产生发光信号的原理,提出了一种测定海水中痕量NO的化学发光法.确定了化学发光法测定NO的最佳条件:pH9.2、浓度1×10-2 mol/dm3的碳酸盐为缓冲体系,鲁米诺浓度为8.4×10-5 mol/dm3,H2O2浓度为1×10-2 mol/dm3,测定温度为...     

几种神经活性物质对海湾扇贝幼虫变态诱导作用的研究

本文研究了儿茶酚胺类和金属离子对海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导作用,结果显示;外加10-4-10-6mol/dm3的肾上腺素,10-5mol/dm3的去甲肾上腺素和L-多巴具有十分显着的诱导能力;外加10-15mmol/dm3K+和Ca2+处理幼虫一段时间后,对其变态有明显促进作用。实验研究了最适浓度下肾上腺素、L-多巴和KCl不同处理时间对幼虫变态的影响,表明幼虫对肾上腺素和L-多巴表现出很高的敏感性,而对KCl则表现出对时间和剂量较强的依赖性。     

三种体系萃取分离-液闪测定海水中234Th的比较研究

本文对TOA萃取剂萃取钍适宜的操作条件及萃取溶剂进行了试验,提出了TOA/苯萃取234Th的最佳条件: 在 1cm3含 234Th的 6mol/dm3 HNO3 溶液中,用体积比为 0. 5的TOA/苯溶液 2cm3 萃取,然后用 2cm3 1. 0mol/dm3 H2SO4反萃取,最高萃取率达 94%.对TOA/苯、TBP/煤油和TTA/苯这 3种萃取体系的萃取效率及其影响因素、萃取机理、成本等做了比较,认为 3种体系各有利弊,但均可有效地应用于相关的海洋学研究中.     

高纯河豚毒素对蛙坐骨神经动作电位的影响

用电生理学方法观察了4种不同浓度的高纯河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)对蛙离体坐骨神经动作电位的影响.实验结果表明:1μmol/dm3TTX在给药后7 min能显著抑制动作电位的上相幅度(P<0.05),但在给药后10 min才显著抑制动作电位的下相幅度(P<0.01);20μmol/dm3TTX在给药后3 min内能完全抑制动作电位的形成.1μmol/dm3TTX在给药后1~5min对动作电位传导速度的影响没有统计学意义,5μmol/dm3TTX在5min时可显著抑制传导速度(P<0.05),而10μmol/dm3TTX在2min时便显著抑制传导速度(P<0.05).实验结果提示高纯河豚毒素对蛙离体坐骨神经动作电位的影响存在剂量效应关系.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对泥蚶及养殖底泥中细菌总数和弧菌总数的影响

以平板计数法,研究了不同浓度枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)及养殖底泥中细菌总数和弧菌总数的影响.试验分为1×10~6,5×10~6和10×10~6CFU/L 3个浓度试验组和对照组,试验共进行28 d,在第0、7、14、21和28天时采底泥和泥蚶,采用平板计数法检测细菌总数和弧菌总数.结果显示,在投施枯草芽孢杆菌后7 d内,养殖底泥和泥蚶体内细菌总数均呈明显上升趋势(P<0.05),7～28 d内缓慢下降,但差异不显著(P<0.05);投施枯草芽孢杆菌后,各试验组底泥和泥蚶体内弧菌总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),5×10~6CFU/L和10×10~6 CFU/L试验组弧菌总数显著低于1×10~6CFU/L试验组(P<0.05).结果表明枯草芽孢杆菌具有抑制弧菌增殖的作用,枯草芽孢杆菌可应用于泥蚶池塘养殖.     

虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳分析

本研究建立了虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳体系,比较分析了不同等电聚焦时间对虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳结果的影响,进一步利用该双向电泳系统分离了性腺和闭壳肌可溶性全蛋白,并利用计算机图像分析软件对虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌蛋白质双向电泳图谱进行了检测分析。实验结果表明,采用细胞超声破碎-丙酮沉淀除盐–50 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH6.8)复溶,1000V,3 h等电聚焦,12%SDS-PAGE和高灵敏度银氨染色,可获得分辨率较高、重复性良好的双向电泳图谱。通过PDQuest8.0图像分析软件检测分析,发现pH5~8条件下,虾夷扇贝性腺和闭壳肌组织的蛋白质主要分布于pH5~7,相对分子质量97~20.1 ku范围,性腺组织双向电泳图谱检出的蛋白质斑点数为265个,闭壳肌组织检出161个蛋白质斑点。结果显示,虾夷扇贝性腺、闭壳肌可溶性蛋白质表达谱各具特点,性腺组织可溶性蛋白种类较闭壳肌组织丰富。本研究实验结果可为进一步研究扇贝蛋白质组学以及功能基因组学奠定一定的基础。     

罗源湾海洋倾倒区抛泥过程含沙量增量数值模拟

罗源湾及周边海域港口、航道开发利用工程产生大量的疏浚物,为准确掌握罗源湾临时性海洋倾倒区抛泥过程中泥沙运动规律和含沙量增量分布,预测并有效控制倾倒泥沙对倾倒区周边海域环境影响,基于FVCOM数值模式和有限差分理论,建立倾倒区二维潮流动力和悬浮泥沙输移扩散数学模型,分析计算海域潮流动力特征和悬浮泥沙输移扩散情况.经过监测数据率定验证,模型计算结果与实测潮位、潮流过程曲线吻合较好,含沙量曲线与实测值比较接近.利用建立的模型预测倾倒区疏浚泥倾倒过程中含沙量增量及影响范围,倾倒区含沙量本底值为22~58 mg/dm3,单次抛泥7 300 m3时,含沙量增量10 mg/dm3(超一、二类水质标准),扩散距离小于3.5 km,抛泥1 h后含沙量增量基本降至10 mg/dm3以下,6 h后含沙量增量降至1 mg/dm3以下;连续120 d随机点抛放时,含沙量增量100 mg/dm3(超三类水质标准)的包络面积为1.40 km2,主要分布在倾倒区附近0.74 km范围内,含沙量增量10 mg/dm3的包络面积为9.27 km2,最大扩散距离为3.25 km.最后,结合模型预测结果和海域功能区划要求,建议倾倒施工单位选择落潮时段进行倾倒作业,保证在空间和时间方面均匀倾倒,尽量避免或减少对附近的三都澳大黄鱼繁育保护区产生影响.     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.