北山金窝子金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化

金窝子金矿床为于甘肃北山中成矿带。包裹体测温研究表明，从成矿初期到主成矿阶段，石英捕获了H2O—NaCl，H2O-CO2-CH4-NaCl，或H2O-CO2-NaCl体系的流体。大脉型金矿成矿初期，热液成矿流体由高温中盐度H2O-NaCl-CO2-CH4四端元组份混溶的均一相热液流体；石英-黄铁矿和多金属硫化物阶段，石英捕获两成分和温度都不相同的热液组份：低盐度、富水溶液、较冷的热液和高盐度、富挥发份CO2、CH4和水蒸气、较热的热液。主成矿阶段石英捕获的两类型包裹体的完全均一温度相差近100℃，而且富挥发份流体盐度相对于贫挥发份流体盐度高，上述特征表明主成矿期3号脉大规模金成矿并非流体沸腾作用结果。网脉型金矿（210号脉）黄铁矿-石英成矿阶段、石英．黄铁矿和多金属硫化物成矿阶段石英捕获的地质流体的温度-成分特征无明显差异，均捕获了两种组份不同、成矿温度一 致的地质流体（高盐度富水溶液流体和富堤盐度CO2＋CH4流体），与许多金矿的流体不混溶金成矿机制矛盾。     

胶东大庄子金矿成矿流体及稳定同位素研究

胶东大庄子金矿床位于胶北地体西南缘,中生代胶莱盆地北缘,西侧靠近郯庐(沂沭)断裂带.矿体产出在古元古界荆山群变质岩中,发育碎裂(糜棱)蚀变岩型和石英脉型2种矿石.流体包裹体显微测温表明,主成矿期温度为240～280℃,成矿流体盐度w(NaCleq)为7％ ～8％,属于H2O-CO2-NaCl体系.包裹体显微测温及岩相学...     

胶东寺庄金矿床成因:流体包裹体与石英溶解度证据

寺庄金矿床位于胶北地体西北缘,招远-莱州金矿区焦家金矿带南段。矿体赋存于焦家主断裂寺庄段下盘的玲珑花岗岩中,以蚀变岩型矿石为主,石英脉型矿石为次。成矿流体可分为石英-钾长石(成矿前)和石英-黄铁矿-金(主成矿期)两个主要阶段。流体包裹体测温结果表明,主成矿期石英中流体包裹体均一温度为133~310℃,盐度为0%~12%NaC leqv,成矿流体属于中低温、中低盐度的H2O-CO2-NaC l体系。根据氢、氧同位素测试结果并结合前人数据发现,石英δ18O石英值变化于9.7‰~14.2‰,δDH-2O变化于77.7‰~-55.0‰,经计算获得的石英包裹体的δ18OH‰2O值落在-0.5‰~6.1之间,因此推测寺庄金矿床成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合,且主要为岩浆水,演化到后期可能有部分大气降水参与。硫同位素研究表明,寺庄金矿床与矿带中段的焦家和新城金矿床具有类似的硫同位素组成,其黄铁矿的δ34S值为7.5‰~9.4‰。这一范围与玲珑花岗岩和胶东群变质岩的硫同位素组成相近,可能暗示寺庄金矿床成矿物质来自中生代花岗岩。利用最新提出的适用于H2O-CO2-NaC l三元混合流体的石英溶解度模型,计算发现寺庄金矿床成矿流体中石英溶解度为0.015mol/kg,这与胶东地质事实相符。成矿期热液中的SiO 2含量极低,其对热液物理化学条件的改变极为敏感。随着成矿流体演化到后期可能有部分大气降水的加入,或是流体迁移至容矿构造压力下降导致的沸腾作用使得成矿流体温度下降,造成SiO 2的大量沉淀,改变了残余流体中Au-S络合物的稳定保存条件,进而发生大规模的金矿化事件。这可能是寺庄乃至整个胶西北金矿都发育有强烈的硅化蚀变带以及石英脉型矿体的一个主要原因。     

胶东中生代构造体制转折过程中流体演化和金的大规模成矿

胶东是我国最大的金矿产出集中区,依据矿床和矿点的密集程度,可分为招远-莱州-平度、蓬莱-栖霞、牟平-乳山三个成矿带,区域内金矿类型可主要分为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。高精度的单矿物 Ar-Ar、Rb-Sr 同位素及热液锆石离子探针测年研究业已证买,金成矿的时代为120±10Ma,金矿床载金矿物-黄铁矿、矿石-黄铁矿石英脉、控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩等及伴生脉岩的 Sr-Nd 放射性同位素研究也证明,金成矿物质具有多源性,既来自于控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩,又来自于幔源的岩浆岩,流体包裹体研究表明,各类金矿具有一致的成矿流体介质条件,为低盐度 H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±CH_4流体,金成矿温度、压力条件近似,主成矿温度为170～335℃,成矿压力为70～250MPa。氢氧等稳定同位素结果表明,成矿流体可能来源于与金矿床伴生的基性幔源岩浆脱水形成的岩浆水,但在地壳浅部遭受到大气降水的混合。因此,胶东各类型金矿是在同一成矿背景下形成的矿床,与区域内中生代构造体制转折作用有关,也是中生代构造体制转折的表现形式之一。     

豫西吉家洼金矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源:来自闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素年龄和Pb同位素的证据

豫西吉家洼金矿位于熊耳山金多金属矿集区西部,是一构造蚀变岩-石英脉型金矿床。矿体产于近南北向断裂带中,在倾向上呈"Y"字型分布,矿化以细脉-网脉状、浸染状黄铁矿化蚀变岩型金矿为主,其次为石英脉型金矿。热液成矿过程包括4个矿化阶段,黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。本次工作对吉家洼金矿床主要成矿阶段(Ⅲ)的闪锌矿进行了Rb-Sr同位素测年研究,以限定成矿时代。结果获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为118.2±2.4Ma,表明矿床形成于早白垩世。该年龄与熊耳山地区中的庙岭、祁雨沟、公峪等金矿床的成矿年龄基本一致,对于整个熊耳山地区的金矿成矿年龄具有一定的约束意义。锶-铅同位素研究结果显示,吉家洼金矿的成矿物质为壳幔混源,新太古界太华群基底及其重熔形成的花岗岩体可能为铅同位素的主要物源。我们认为,吉家洼金矿床是熊耳山地区在早白垩世区域性强烈的构造-岩浆-流体活动事件的产物,是整个中国东部金的大规模成矿作用的组成部分。     

胶东盘子涧金矿床成矿流体特征：来自包裹体、H-O同位素证据

盘子涧金矿床地处华北板块胶辽隆起区,栖霞-蓬莱金成矿带上。金矿的形成主要与区内控矿断裂-盘子涧断裂和中生代岩浆岩有关。为研究该矿床成矿流体性质及演化,并控讨矿床成因,对该矿床开展不同阶段的包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温、包裹体激光拉曼及 H-O 同位素分析研究。盘子涧金矿床成矿热液期可划分为 4 个成矿阶段,从早到晚分别是黄铁矿-石英阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-黄铁矿（绢云母）阶段（ Ⅱ 阶段）、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段（ Ⅲ 阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段（ Ⅳ 阶段）。其中 Ⅱ、III 阶段为主成矿阶段。不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体有 3 种类型,分别是富液气液两相盐水包裹体、含 CO2 三相包裹体和纯液相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的完全均一温度介于 142～348 °C,主要集中于 200～300 ℃,盐度介于 4.44%～10.98% NaCl eqv。石英的 δDV‐SMOW值为-74.6‰～-68.5‰,δ18OV‐SMOW 值为 +11.65‰～+13.92‰。显示成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的 CO2‐H2O‐NaCl 体系,来源于地幔,以岩浆热液为主,并伴有部分大气降水加入。矿床成因类型属石英脉型金矿。     

山东莱西山后金矿床流体包裹体特征

根据山后金矿床的矿物组合和矿物生成顺序,将成矿阶段划分为4个阶段:黄铁矿-石英(钾化)阶段、石英—黄铁矿(绢英岩化)阶段、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对区内主成矿阶段的石英中流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温及氢氧同位素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中的包裹体主要有含CO2三相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和CO2包裹体三种类型,矿石中的包裹体普遍富含CO2。成矿过程中,流体经历了CO2-H2O—Na Cl体系的不混溶作用。成矿流体具有低盐度(4.0~9.0 wt%Na Cl.eqv)和低密度(0.70~0.89 g/cm3)的特点。主成矿温度为260℃~300℃,成矿压力为83~100 MPa,对应成矿深度为7.45~8.25 km。流体包裹体氢氧同位素分析结果介于地幔初生水和岩浆水之间,部分向大气降水线方向漂移,表明山后金矿成矿流体以幔源流体为主,并有大气降水和其他流体的加入,初步确定山后金矿床是受断裂构造控制的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

胶东大柳行金矿田庵口金矿床成矿流体与成矿物质来源

庵口金矿床是位于大柳行金矿田东北部的石英脉型中型金矿床,矿体呈脉状产于郭家岭岩体内部的北东东向断裂带内。目前,对该矿床的研究相对较少,为探讨其成矿流体性质与成矿物质来源,文章通过井下观察、岩相学、流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼分析和同位素测试,将该矿床热液成矿期划分为黄铁矿石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体含富液相和富气相包裹体,包裹体气相成分以CO₂为主,少量N₂、CH₄,总体为中低温、低盐度CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系,成矿早期(Ⅰ阶段)和主成矿期(Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段)温度变化不大,盐度呈降低趋势,流体演化过程中发生了流体不混溶(沸腾)。H-O同位素测试表明,成矿流体可能主要来源于郭家岭岩体出溶的岩浆水;S、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪显示,成矿物质可能主要来源于重熔活化的下地壳(前寒武纪变质基底),并在向上运移过程中混入了上地壳物质。     

胶东大尹格庄金矿床成矿流体组成

大尹格庄金矿床位于胶东半岛西北部招平断裂带中段,产于断裂带下盘绢英岩化带中。矿区内围岩蚀变发育,主要包括钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化,其中硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化与金矿化密切相关。根据野外脉体穿插关系和矿物共生组合特点,大尹格庄金矿床金成矿作用从早到晚分为三个阶段:金-石英-黄铁矿阶段(早)、金(银)-石英-多金属硫化物阶段(中)、石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(晚)。矿石中石英的爆裂峰集中在330~510℃、240~330℃和160~240℃,分别对应成矿作用的早、中、晚三个阶段。成矿流体总体为中温,富CO2,含CH4、C2H6、H2S等挥发分的流体。NaCl-H2O-CO2图解及较高的C2H6含量,表明成矿流体主要来源于变质流体。各阶段成矿流体中气、液相组成相似,而含量规律性变化。早、中阶段成矿流体中N2含量较低,晚阶段升高,表明从早阶段到晚阶段流体系统逐渐开放,后期有大气降水的加入;从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,Cl-/SO2-4和Na+/K+升高,说明成矿流体从早阶段CO2-H2O-K2SO4型逐渐演化为中阶段和晚阶段CO2-H2O-NaCl型;Na+、Cl-、K+和SO2-4浓度逐渐降低,指示成矿流体从成矿早阶段到晚阶段盐度降低;H2O/CO2在晚阶段高于早、中阶段,指示流体有可能在中阶段发生了沸腾作用。成矿早阶段具有较高含量的H2S,表明金硫络合物可能是金的一种运移形式;流体类型的演变和沸腾作用可能是导致大尹各庄金矿床金沉淀的重要因素。     

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿床成矿流体特征

鹿鸣钼矿床是小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带上典型的特大型斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产于早中生代早期中细粒似斑状二长花岗岩内,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主。根据矿物共生组合及脉体穿插关系将鹿鸣钼矿床划分为4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ),石英-辉钼矿阶段(Ⅱ),绿泥石-辉钼矿-石英阶段(Ⅲ),石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。成矿流体包裹体有3类:A型气液两相包裹体(L+V),B型含子晶三相包裹体(L+V+S),C型气相包裹体(V)。不同阶段流体包裹体的成分、均一温度、盐度等特征显示成矿流体由早阶段的高温、高盐度的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系逐渐演变为晚阶段的低温、低盐度的H_2O-NaCl体系。氢氧同位素特征显示成矿早阶段以岩浆水为主,随成矿演化有不同程度大气水的加入。根据矿床产出特征、矿物共生组合和流体包裹体特征,认为流体的沸腾作用和CO2等气相组分大量逸失是成矿流体形成矿床的主要因素。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

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