柴达木地块北缘牛鼻子梁镍铜矿床铂族元素和 Re-Os同位素特征

牛鼻子梁镍铜矿床是柴达木地块周缘新发现的一个岩浆硫化物矿床。该矿床所赋存的牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体出露面积约8km2,主要由橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩组成。含矿岩石主要为橄榄岩和橄榄辉长岩。岩石和矿石的∑PGE含量(0.65×10-9～8.65×10-9)很低,可能是因为源区部分熔融程度较低导致的;在原始地幔标准化配分曲线图中,相对于Ni、Cu元素,PGE显示亏损,这是因为早期发生的硫化物熔离带走了大量PGE。星点状-浸染状矿石的(187Os/188Os)i比值为0.1944～0.5462,γOs值为56～338,显示在岩浆侵位和成矿过程中有较多地壳物质的加入。由于地壳混染而导致浸染状矿石Os同位素组成不均一,从而得出Re-Os等时线年龄(645Ma)大于岩体锆石年龄(367Ma)。     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿田成矿条件、岩浆通道与成矿潜力分析

位于中亚造山带北缘的喀拉通克早二叠世铜镍硫化物矿区是新疆规模最大的铜镍矿山,包含13个岩体,相当部分为隐伏岩体,其中1号、2号、3号、9号矿床为主力矿床,经过30余年持续开发,最大开采深度已达740 m,已面临后备资源不足的危机。已知矿体主要产于辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长苏长岩以及橄榄苏长岩中,甚至角闪辉长岩局部也含矿,未见超镁铁岩产出,具有显著的磁性(200 nT)、重力(0.29×10~(-5)m/s~2)、激化率异常,以镁铁岩含矿、岩体规模小且成群成带、分异演化程度高、富铜(Cu/Ni约3:2)、PGE较高、块状硫化物贯入矿体普遍发育为特色。其围岩为含炭质板岩、片岩和凝灰岩,变形强烈,常规电法受到炭质层的干扰。依据岩石学、地球化学研究,岩浆源于软流圈地幔,基于与东天山同期铜镍矿床含矿岩相及其比例和剩余重力异常的比较,推断其应发育有相当比例的超镁铁岩,因而深部出现超基性岩的可能性很高,且含矿性应更好。这一推断得到坑道钻探的证实,2013年矿区在Y2岩体东段650~740 m深度和Y2岩体西段400~500 m深度发现隐伏超镁铁岩且含矿,局部见贯入块状矿体。橄榄辉石岩、辉石橄榄岩系矿区首次发现,粒度很细,发育强烈的蛇纹石化、纤闪石化,推测只是隐伏超基性岩的头部。结合控岩控矿构造的追溯及南、北岩带的侧伏和倾伏方向判断,硫化物珠滴构造的发现与系统观测统计,围岩烘烤边和角岩化的研究分析,提出南岩带主岩浆通道位于Y2与Y3岩体之间,而不是原普遍认为的岩浆通道位于Y1与Y2岩体之间。结合矿区的现状,提出采用高分辨率浅层地震、CSAMT和瞬变电磁地-井测量,结合传统的高精度重力勘探、磁法勘探和激发极化法来勘探和预测南岩带深部隐伏含矿超镁铁岩的空间位置和产状,圈定岩浆通道和隐伏铜镍矿体,进而推动北岩带和外围G21、22号岩体的深部探矿工作。     

吉林磐石三道岗含铜镍硫化物矿床岩体群年代学意义

吉林省中南部产出系列铜镍硫化物矿床,形成于中生代早期的含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体在含矿岩体空间上受断裂构造控制,并且在一定范围内集中出现,构成具有成因联系的含矿岩体群。三道岗含矿岩体主要岩石类型为闪长岩、辉长岩、角闪辉石岩-辉石岩、含长角闪橄榄岩等组合,侵位于下二叠统范家屯组浅变质岩系中。辉长岩中LA-ICP-MS锆石原位定年得到(232.75±0.95)Ma(MSWD=0.87)的岩体结晶年龄,同时,角闪石单矿物40Ar-39Ar法测年得到(121.45±2.52)Ma的蚀变年龄,暗示三道岗含矿岩体群与红旗岭一样形成于印支中亚造山晚期,燕山期岩浆活动产生的热液叠加蚀变对矿床形成产生重要影响。     

新疆哈密白石泉铜镍矿区基性-超基性岩的形成时代及其地质意义

白石泉铜镍矿床位于中天山地块北缘,沙泉子深大断裂南侧。矿体产于同源同期侵入的中基性—超基性岩体内,其含矿岩石为单辉橄榄岩和斜长橄辉岩。铜镍矿化无论从时间上和空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关,矿床成因类型为岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿床。锆石SHRIMP微区原位U-Pb年代学研究表明,石英闪长岩的年龄为285±10Ma、辉长闪长岩年龄为284±9Ma和辉长岩年龄为284±8Ma。三者在测定误差范围内十分一致,表明该含矿杂岩体的侵位及矿化作用均发生于晚石炭世末—早二叠世初,成岩成矿的动力学背景为造山期后伸展构造环境。     

新疆坡北基性-超基性岩带10号岩体SHRIMP U-Pb和矿石Re-Os同位素定年及其意义

坡北基性-超基性岩带10号岩体位于塔里木板块东北部北山裂谷带内,岩体侵位于下石炭统红柳园组.前人根据岩体侵位地层的时代,间接推断出该岩体形成年龄为晚石炭世一早二叠世.文章对坡北基性-超基性岩带的10号岩体辉长岩和浸染状矿石分别进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb、Re-Os定年和Sr-Nd同位素示踪研究,获得岩体的辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄信息比较分散,其表面年龄信息从古生代-新元古代-古元古代-新太古代均有显示,揭示了新疆塔里木板块东北部北山裂谷带内的基性-超基性岩体的形成经历了复杂的地质演化历史.所获得的主体锆石的年龄为(289±13)Ma(95%可信度),与岩体侵位于下石炭统红柳园组的地质事实相吻合,可能代表了岩体形成的时间,而年龄信息(2 559～2 589 Ma)暗示了北山地区可能存在古元古代一新太古代的结晶基底.获得浸染状铜镍硫化物矿石的Re-Os等时线年龄为(413±20)Ma(95%可信度),该年龄不仅大于含矿超基性岩体(289 Ma)的形成时代,而且也老于岩体所侵入的下石炭统红柳园组的地层时代,显然与宏观的地质证据相悖.Sr-Nd和Os同位素特征研究表明,坡北岩带在约280 Ma前成岩成矿时,岩浆在从地幔源区侵入到地壳过程中受到了地壳物质混染,致使浸染状矿石的Re-Os同位素体系呈二元混合体系,因此浸染状矿石Re-Os同位素体系确定的等时线疑为假等时线,其年龄不能代表矿床形成时代或不具有确切的地质意义.铜镍矿化无论从时间上还是空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关,矿床成因类型又为岩浆熔离型矿床,表明坡北10号铜镍硫化物矿床的成岩成矿时间应发生在晚石炭世一早二叠世期间,是后碰撞构造背景下幔源岩浆上侵的产物.     

新疆喀拉通克一号岩体及铜镍硫化物矿床地质特征

本矿床是咯拉通克铜镍矿化集中区一大型铜镍硫化物矿床。含矿岩体侵位于下石炭统南明水组。岩浆分异良好,自上而下依次有闪长岩相,苏长岩相、橄榄苏长岩相、冷凝带为辉绿辉长岩相,岩体呈透镜状,体积O.023km3。全岩矿化,主要矿体赋存于岩体中下部,由含矿岩浆侵位后就地分异形成的浸染状矿石和深源岩浆熔离矿浆后期贯入形成的致密块状矿石所组成,二者之间有明显的地质和物理化学界面,具叠生特征。矿石铜镍品位高且铜大于镍,有贵金属稀散元素可以综合利用。矿床成因类型属岩浆熔离叠生铜镍硫化物矿床。     

新疆哈密黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床成岩成矿作用

黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床赋存于橄榄岩、苏长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩组成的镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体中,赋矿岩体包含至少4套岩石组合。不同类型岩石微量元素和稀土元素原始地幔标准化配分模式指示,该矿床明显亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素和Cr元素,富集Sr及大离子亲石元素;(La/Yb)N=1.08～2.70,δEu=0.50～2.57;含矿岩石Cu/Pd比值和Ti/Pd比值大于原始地幔值,表明不同类型岩石是高镁玄武质岩浆在深部分异结晶演化的产物。根据橄榄石和全岩化学组成可估算出母岩浆MgO含量约为12%。成矿岩浆深部演化过程中,富硅的地壳混染组分和外来流体的加入可能促成了岩浆中的硫饱和;深部熔离的不混溶硫化物珠滴被上升岩浆携带,富集在橄榄岩和苏长岩的底部。     

含铜镍岩浆起源及硫饱和机制:以新疆黄山南岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床Sr-Nd-Pb-S同位素和元素地球化学研究为例

新疆黄山-镜儿泉一带是天山东段重要岩浆铜镍硫化物成矿带,但对其中含铜镍岩浆起源和硫饱和机制尚存较大争议。黄山南岩体是近年来在该成矿带中发现的另一个含矿性较好的重要岩体。岩体可分为超镁铁质岩相和镁铁质岩相,超镁铁质岩相为主要含铜镍矿岩相,而镁铁质岩相并未发生明显的矿化。超镁铁质岩相岩石类型包括二辉橄榄岩、斜辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、二辉岩、角闪二辉岩及少量粗粒辉长岩,其中二辉橄榄岩和二辉岩是主要含矿岩石类型。镁铁质岩相由苏长岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩及石英闪长岩组成。黄山南岩体的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i(0.7036~0.7057)、ε_(Nd)(t)(-1.2~+7.4)、(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)i(17.152~18.088)、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)i(15.385~15.571)和(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)i(37.127~38.252)变化范围均较大,显示了母岩浆遭受了较明显的壳源物质混染。岩浆源区在板片俯冲过程中壳源物质加入明显,而原始岩浆上升过程中壳源物质的混染有限。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成指示黄山南含矿岩体的形成与塔里木大火成岩省并无直接联系。虽然黄山南岩浆铜镍硫化物矿石δ~(34)S值介于-1.54‰~2.03‰之间,落在幔源硫的范围内,但是Se(×10~6)/S比值表明壳源硫的加入对成矿母岩浆硫饱和起到重要作用。     

塔里木板块东北部坡十侵入体铂族元素地球化学特征及成矿作用

坡十侵入体位于塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内,是该岩体第三阶段岩浆活动形成的十几个小侵入体中的一个。现有钻探资料显示其主要岩石类型有:纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、正堆晶辉长岩。其中,含矿岩石主要为二辉橄榄岩。矿石构造以星散浸染状-稀疏浸染状为主,局部具稠密浸染状构造。铂族元素(PGE)地球化学特征表明,原生岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆,演化过程中深部发生了约0.012%硫化物熔离,使得侵入体现有岩石和矿石的PGE含量总体偏低。综合坡十侵入体的岩体特征、矿体在侵入体中赋存的部位、矿石类型和矿石结构/构造分析,现阶段评价的矿(化)体主要为含有少量硫化物的上悬矿体,侵入体深部找矿潜力较大。     

东天山卡拉塔格地区月牙湾铜镍硫化物矿床磁黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测定及其地质意义

新疆哈密月牙湾铜镍矿是近年来在东天山卡拉塔格地区新发现的岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床.为确定该矿床的成岩、成矿时代及其成矿作用,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和硫化物Re-Os同位素等时线定年方法,分别对主含矿岩相橄榄辉长岩和矿石中的磁黄铁矿进行了年龄测定.橄榄辉长岩中锆石的206Pb/238U年龄为255~292 Ma,加权平均值为274±2.4 Ma,代表了橄榄辉长岩的成岩年龄;矿石中磁黄铁矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为271.9±9.5 Ma,代表了硫化物熔离成矿的年龄;187Os/188Os初始值为0.279 6±0.008 9,γ_Os值为117~126,指示在岩浆侵位及硫化物熔离成矿过程中有地壳物质加入.月牙湾镁铁质岩浆的成岩、成矿作用发生于早二叠世,与东天山黄山-图拉尔根一带典型铜镍硫化物矿床为同一时期的产物.      

Compositional variations of several Early Permian magmatic sulfide deposits in the Kalatongke district,southern Altai,western China: With genetic and exploration implications

A Permian magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit cluster occurs in the Kalatongke district in the Southern Chinese Altai Orogenic Belt, western China. These deposits are associated with the mafic units of the Y1, Y2, Y3, Y9 and G21 mafic-intermediate complexes. In this paper we report the first zircon U-Pb ages for the Y3 and G21 intrusions, which are 283.3 ± 1.3 Ma and 281.1 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. Our new age data confirm that the sulfide-bearing mafic units of the Y1, Y2 (connected with Y1 at depth), Y3, Y9 and G21 intrusions all formed in Early Permian between ∼281 and ∼287 Ma. New and existing petrological-geochemical data show some important regular variations between these deposits. The host lithologies change from olivine-bearing rocks for the Y1-Y2-Y9 deposits to olivine-free rocks such as norite for the Y3 deposit and leucogabbro for the G21 deposit. The olivine Fo contents of the Y1 deposit are up to 82 mol%, which are slightly higher than those of the Y2 deposit (up to 81 mol%) and the Y9 deposit (up to 79 mol%). The average plagioclase An contents of the olivine-bearing Y1-Y2-Y9 deposits are higher than those of the olivine-free Y3-G21 deposits. Among the three deposits (Y1, Y2 and Y3) that occur closely along the same structural lineament, the Ni/Cu ratios of bulk sulfides decrease from the olivine-bearing deposits (Y1 and Y2) to the olivine-free deposit (Y3). The PGE tenors of these deposits (Y1, Y2 and Y3) and the nearby coeval deposits (Y9 and G21) are extremely low, indicating that their parental magmas are severely depleted in PGEs. The variations of PGE tenors within a single deposit as well as among the different deposits are mainly due to variable R factors. The host rocks of these deposits are all characterized by elevated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0.7045 to 0.7047, positive εNd values from 4.95 to 6.86, positive εHf values of zircon from 9 to 16, and elevated δ¹⁸O values of zircon from 6.15 to 6.7‰. The isotope data indicate that the parental magmas for these deposits experienced up to ∼15 wt% crustal contamination. The δ³⁴S values of the sulfide minerals from these deposits are from −3.1‰ to 0.4‰, with a peak at −2.2‰, indicating the involvement of crustal sulfur. The isotope data and mineral chemistry together indicate that both olivine fractional crystallization and addition of crustal sulfur played a role in triggering sulfide saturation in the parental magmas for these deposits. Based on higher Ni/Cu ratios of sulfide mineralization in the olivine-bearing intrusions (Y1, Y2, Y9) than in the coeval olivine-free intrusions (Y3, G21), we recommend that Ni exploration in the region focus on the olivine-bearing intrusions that were emplaced in the Early Permian.     

Heterogeneous Os isotope compositions in the Kalatongke sulfide deposit, NW China: the role of crustal contamination

Re–Os isotope compositions of mantle-derived magmas are highly sensitive to crustal contamination because the crust and mantle have very different Os isotope compositions. Crustal contamination may trigger S saturation and thus the formation of magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposits. The ∼287-Ma Kalatongke norite intrusion of NW China are hosted in carboniferous tuffaceous rocks and contain both disseminated and massive sulfide mineralization. The Re–Os isotope compositions in the intrusion are highly variable. Norite and massive sulfide ores have γ _Os values ranging from +59 to +160 and a Re–Os isochron age of 239 ± 51 Ma, whereas disseminated sulfide ores have γ _Os values from +117 to +198 and a Re–Os isochron age of 349 ± 34 Ma. The variability of Os isotope compositions can be explained as the emplacement of two distinct magma pulses. Massive sulfide ores and barren norite in the intrusion formed from the same magma pulse, whereas the disseminated sulfide ores with more radiogenic Os isotopes formed from another magma pulse which underwent different degrees of crustal contamination. Re–Os isotopes may not be suitable for dating sulfide-bearing intrusions that underwent variable degrees of crustal contamination to form magmatic sulfide deposits.     

Geochemistry of the Kalatongke Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposit,NW China: implications for the formation of magmatic sulfide mineralization in a postcollisional environment

The Kalatongke (also spelt as Karatungk) Ni–Cu–(platinum-group element, PGE) sulfide deposit, containing 33 Mt sulfide ore with a grade of 0.8 wt.% Ni and 1.3 wt.% Cu, is located in the Eastern Junggar terrane, Northern Xinjiang, NW China. The largest sulfide ore body, which occupies more than 50 vol.% of the intrusion Y1, is dominantly comprised of disseminated sulfide with a massive sulfide inner zone. Economic disseminated sulfides also occur at the base of the intrusions Y2 and Y3. The main host rock types are norite in the lower part and diorite in the upper part of each intrusion. Enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in heavy rare earth elements relative to mid-ocean ridge basalt indicate that the mafic intrusions were produced from magmas derived from a metasomatized garnet lherzolite mantle. The average grades of the disseminated ores are 0.6 wt.% Ni and 1.1 wt.% Cu, whereas those of the massive ores are 2 wt.% Ni and 8 wt.% Cu. The PGE contents of the disseminated ores (14–69 ppb Pt and 78–162 ppb Pd) are lower than those of the massive ores (120–505 ppb Pt and 30–827 ppb Pd). However, on the basis of 100% sulfide, PGE contents of the massive sulfides are lower than those of the disseminated sulfides. Very high Cu/Pd ratios (>4.5 × 10⁴) indicate that the Kalatongke sulfides segregated from PGE-depleted magma produced by prior sulfide saturation and separation. A negative correlation between the Cu/Pd ratio and the Pd content in 100% sulfide indicates that the PGE content of the sulfide is controlled by both the PGE concentrations in the parental silicate magma and the ratio of the amount of silicate to sulfide magma. The negative correlations between Ir and Pd indicate that the massive sulfides experienced fractionation.     

江西武山和永平铜矿含矿花岗质岩体锆石SIMSU—Pb年代学

江西武山和永平铜矿床是长江中下游金属成矿带中的两个重要矿床。对武山铜矿的花岗闪长斑岩和永平铜矿的花岗斑岩中锆石分别进行了,离子探针（SIMS）U—Pb定年研究,发现两个矿区的锆石年龄可分作两期,武山铜矿含矿岩体锆石^206Pb/^238U年龄分别为145±3．9Ma和121±2．5Ma,永平铜矿含矿岩体锆石^206Ph／^238U年龄分别为160±2．3Ma和135±7．4Ma。这两期不同的年龄可能反映了锆石在岩浆侵位时的结晶年龄和后期热液蚀变作用的年龄。因此确定武山铜矿花岗质岩体的侵位年龄为145Ma,永平铜矿花岗质岩体的侵位年龄为160Ma。该年龄可能也反映了这两个矿床中与燕山期岩浆侵入有关的矽卡岩型矿床和斑岩型矿床的形成时代。     

东昆仑造山带早中生代幔源岩浆事件及其地质意义

东昆仑造山带早中生代幔源岩浆底侵不仅为花岗岩类的广泛发育提供了能量和物质基础,也为厘定区域构造环境提供了新的约束。本文对区域上发育的小尖山岩体、拉陵高里沟脑2、3号岩体开展了精确的锆石U-Pb年代学研究,并与区域上镁铁质岩体做了对比。LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,小尖山岩体磁黄铁矿化辉长岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U-~(207)Pb/~(235)U谐和年龄为247.1±1.1Ma,与前人获得的中细粒辉长岩年龄相差20Ma,暗示该岩体为多期岩浆活动的产物。拉陵高里沟脑2号和3号岩体辉长岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U-~(207)Pb/~(235)U谐和年龄分别为(244.9±1.6)Ma和(238.4±4.1)Ma,二者年龄在测试误差范围内一致,为同期岩浆作用的产物。结合区域上已知镁铁质岩体的形成时代及地球化学特征,认为早中生代幔源岩浆形成于后碰撞伸展环境,活动时限为251~221Ma。该期幔源岩浆与地壳物质发生了广泛的物质与能量交换,是今后该区铜镍矿勘查的重要对象之一。     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿镁铁质超镁铁质岩体岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

文章报道了东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿成矿岩体的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素资料,以确定该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。夏日哈木Ⅰ号镁铁质超镁铁质岩体位于昆中基底隆起花岗岩带中段,北侧靠近昆北断裂。岩体走向NEE,剖面呈平缓的“岩盆状”,地表出露面积约0.7 km2。该杂岩体主要由辉长苏长岩、斜方辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩组成,橄榄岩相和辉石岩相是主要的Cu、Ni赋矿岩相。镁铁质超镁铁质岩体主量元素具有低硅(w(SiO₂)=36.68%~52.58%)、低钛(w(TiO2)=0.13%~0.47%)、高镁(w(MgO)=10.91%~35.81%)、贫碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)=0.26%~1.95%)的特征,属亚碱性系列岩石,m/f为3.88~6.29,属铁质超基性岩类(m/f=2~6.5)。岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为轻稀土富集型,(La/Yb)N=1.44~2.98,Eu异常不明显,相似的稀土元素配分模式说明岩体的同源性。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)。岩体中存在新元古代花岗岩的捕虏体以及La/Yb、Ce/Yb、Th/Yb、Nb/La、La/Sm比值显示岩体经历了有限的地壳混染。辉长苏长岩锆石的LA-MC ICPMS、U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为(423±1) Ma,MSWD=0.14,属晚志留世。锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282 628~0.282 833,相应的εHf(t)均为正值(4.0~10.9),Lu-Hf的单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)为610~875 Ma,平均值为788 Ma,大于锆石U-Pb年龄。研究认为,岩体的岩浆源区主要为亏损地幔,可能有早期流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔组分的加入和地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造演化,文章认为岩体形成于碰撞后伸展的构造环境,可能与俯冲板片的断离作用有关。岩浆演化过程中橄榄石和斜方辉石的分离结晶作用和地壳中硫的加入可能是促使岩浆体系达到硫饱和的主要机制。     

The Kalatongke magmatic Ni–Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China: product of slab window magmatism?

The Permian Kalatongke Ni–Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt are among the most important Ni–Cu deposits in northern Xinjiang, western China. The deposits are hosted by three small mafic intrusions comprising mainly norite and diorite. Its tectonic context, petrogenesis, and ore genesis have been highly contested. In this paper, we present a new model involving slab window magmatism for the Kalatongke intrusions. The origin of the associated sulfide ores is explained in the context of this new model. Minor amounts of olivine in the intrusions have Fo contents varying between 71 and 81.5?mol%, which are similar to the predicted values for olivine crystallizing from coeval basalts in the region. Analytic modeling based on major element concentrations suggests that the parental magma of the Kalatongke intrusions and the coeval basalts represent fractionated liquids produced by ～15% of olivine crystallization from a primary magma, itself produced by 7–8% partial melting of depleted mantle peridotite. Positive ε _Nd values (+4 to +10) and significant negative Nb anomalies for both intrusive and extrusive rocks can be explained by the mixing of magma derived from depleted mantle with 6–18% of a partial melt derived from the lower part of a juvenile arc crust with a composition similar to coeval A-type granites in the region, plus up to 10% contamination with the upper continental crust. Our model suggests that a slab window was created due to slab break-off during a transition from oceanic subduction to arc–arc or arc–continent collision in the region in the Early Permian. Decompression melting in the upwelling oceanic asthenosphere produced the primary magma. When this magma ascended to pond in the lower parts of a juvenile arc crust, it underwent olivine crystallization and at the same time triggered partial melting of the arc crust. Mixing between these two magmas followed by contamination with the upper crust after the magma ascended to higher crustal levels formed the parental magma of the Kalatongke intrusions. The parental magma of the Kalatongke intrusions was saturated with sulfide upon arrival primarily due to olivine fractional crystallization and selective assimilation of crustal sulfur. Sulfide mineralization in the Kalatongke intrusions can be explained by accumulation of immiscible sulfide droplets by flow differentiation, gravitational settling, and downward percolation which operated in different parts of the intrusions. Platinum-group element (PGE) depletion in the bulk sulfide ores of the Kalatongke deposits was due to depletion in the parental magma which in turn was likely due to depletion in the primary magma. PGE depletion in the primary magma can be explained by a relatively low degree of partial melting of the mantle and retention of coexisting sulfide liquid in the mantle.     

新疆阿尔泰库卫铜镍硫化物-钛铁氧化物复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体成因

库卫镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体位于新疆阿尔泰南缘,兼具铜镍矿化岩体和钒钛铁矿化岩体的双重特征,主要组成岩石类型有中粒辉长岩、条带状橄榄辉长岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和含橄辉长岩等。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法,获得中粒辉长岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩和含橄辉长岩的加权平均年龄分别为398.7±3.7Ma、397.5±2.3Ma和385.2±1.6Ma,表明库卫岩体是早中泥盆世构造-岩浆活动的产物。岩体的主量元素显示其属亚碱性系列,并具有向拉斑系列岩石演化的趋势。具有Ba、U、Ta、Pb、Sr、Ti和Eu的正异常,Th的负异常,显示了相似的LREE相对富集的右倾型配分模式,表明它们可能为同源岩浆演化的产物。结合地球化学特征和区域地质背景,推测库卫岩体为早中泥盆世俯冲消减环境的产物,其原始岩浆可能来源于受俯冲物质交代的地幔楔和软流圈的混合体,不同的岩石类型是相似来源的岩浆经强烈分异的结果。库卫岩体兼具铜镍矿化岩体和钒钛铁矿化岩体的双重特征,但形成铁钛矿床的潜力略显不足。     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床成矿岩浆作用过程

喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床3个主要含矿镁铁质岩体的主量元素、微量元素和铂族元素组成分析及母岩浆组成估算结果表明:3个岩体中不同类型岩石的主要氧化物含量的变化具玄武质岩浆结晶分异的特征;在MgO含量为10%～15%区间,SiO2含量迅速增高;微量元素和稀土元素原始地幔标准化配分模式相似,具Nb和Ta亏损,K、Sr富集的特征.与1号和2号岩体相比,3号岩体中大离子亲石元素及轻稀土元素相对富集,(La/Yb)N介于6.8～9.2之间,δEu显示轻微负异常,在460 m深度表现出Cu-Ni等成矿元素与SiO2含量同时剧变的特征,铂族元素配分模式与2号岩体相似.上述结果显示,3个岩体可能是同源岩浆不同期次的产物,原始岩浆为高镁玄武岩浆.成矿岩浆演化过程中经历的岩浆分离结晶作用和富硅地壳组分混染可能是成矿岩浆硫饱和及硫化物熔离的主要诱因.     

蚌埠隆起区煌斑岩锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

蚌埠地区中生代岩浆作用十分发育, 以酸性岩浆活动为主, 部分地区伴随基性岩脉侵入。本文利用LA-ICP-MS技术, 对蚌埠五河地区煌斑岩中的锆石进行U-Pb同位素定年。研究表明, 该煌斑岩中锆石多成半自形到浑圆状, 多为捕获锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄多集中在3 100 Ma、2 500 Ma和2 000 Ma附近, 少量新生锆石年龄约为156 Ma, 捕获锆石年龄与华北基底的五河杂岩相当吻合, 可能不具有扬子板块俯冲陆壳年代学信息。本次测得煌斑岩的形成年龄为156.1±8.2 Ma, 为晚侏罗世。蚌埠地区普遍存在一期构造变形事件, 表现为由南向北的逆冲推覆。由于煌斑岩脉遭受到逆冲推覆构造的改造, 因此煌斑岩的形成年龄也限定了蚌埠地区推覆构造变形事件的下限。