脉冲型地震动潜在破坏势参数的相关性分析

为了在众多参数中挑选其中最有代表性的参数,来解释和反映脉冲型地震动对结构的潜在破坏能力,以338条脉冲型地震动记录作为研究对象,分析地震动参数与中低层结构响应的相关性。选取了14个常用地震动参数,对各地震动参数之间的相关性进行分析,从中选出7个代表性地震动参数;并将脉冲型地震动输入中低层结构模型中计算结构响应,分析代表性地震动参数与结构响应的相关性,与基于非脉冲型地震动的相关性计算结果进行对比。选用了3层和7层2个RC框架结构作为中低层结构代表,其基本周期为0.62s和0.89s。结果表明:对于脉冲型地震动,对于3层结构时与结构响应相关性最好的为EPV,对于7层结构时与结构响应相关性最好的为PGV,因此可以用PGV和EPV作为表征脉冲型地震动对中低层结构潜在破坏能力的参数;而对于非脉冲型地震动,与结构响应相关性最好的参数为PGV,可以用PGV作为表征脉冲型地震动对中低层结构的潜在破坏能力的参数。因此,通过地震动参数来解释和表征脉冲型地震动对结构的破坏能力是可行的。     

估计和比较地震动潜在破坏势的综合评述

如何估计和比较地震动对结构的破坏作用，一直是国内外抗震研究中的一个至关重要的问题。本主要篇幅用于介绍这一领域迄今所取得的成果并作了简单的评述，并在此基础上，提出了一种可用来比较地震动潜在破坏势的综合评估法，提出该方法的目的并不在意去确定什么量更能代表地震动在潜在破坏势，而只是在考察现有的各种被认为能代表地震动的潜在破坏势的各种参数基础上，考虑采用什么方法才能更合理地判定和比较地震动的破坏势，为此本将通常作为地震动潜在破坏势的地震动参数分成两类：一类为直接由地震动本身得到的参数，另一类为地震动通过结构反应得到的参数，并分别对此进行了讨论和分析，在此基础上得出了一种在目前可认为是研究地震动潜在破坏势押送为合理的方法-地震动潜在破坏势综合评价法。     

Simulation of orthogonal horizontal ground motion components for specified earthquake and site characteristics

A method for generating an ensemble of orthogonal horizontal ground motion components with correlated parameters for specified earthquake and site characteristics is presented. The method employs a parameterized stochastic model that is based on a time‐modulated filtered white‐noise process with the filter having time‐varying characteristics. Whereas the input white‐noise excitation describes the stochastic nature of the ground motion, the forms of the modulating function and the filter and their parameters characterize the evolutionary intensity and nonstationary frequency content of the ground motion. The stochastic model is fitted to a database of recorded horizontal ground motion component pairs that are rotated into their principal axes, a set of orthogonal axes along which the components are statistically uncorrelated. Model parameters are identified for each ground motion component in the database. Using these data, predictive equations are developed for the model parameters in terms of earthquake and site characteristics and correlation coefficients between parameters of the two components are estimated. Given a design scenario specified in terms of earthquake and site characteristics, the results of this study allow one to generate realizations of correlated model parameters and use them along with simulated white‐noise processes to generate synthetic pairs of horizontal ground motion components along the principal axes. The proposed simulation method does not require any seed recorded ground motion and is ideal for use in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation of risk-consistent earthquake motion

A method to combine probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and stochastic earthquake motion models is presented. A set of parameters characterizing stochastic earthquake motion models is determined on a consistent probabilistic basis. The method proposed herein consists of two steps. First, the ground motion intensity is determined in the context of the conventional hazard curve technique. Next, other ground motion parameters such as duration, predominant frequency and spectral shape parameters are determined as conditional means corresponding to the annual probability of exceedance for the ground motion intensity. Some example applications are presented.     

Seismic ground motion relationships in southern China based on stochastic finite-fault model

The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data. In this study, a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China, based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region. From these, the response spectra was estimated. A set of ground motion attenuation relationships was then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression, which would be applicable for use in engineering practice. Through comparisons, it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.     

考虑场地类别和断层距的地震动及结构响应参数相关性分析

为了研究场地条件和断层距对地震动参数及其与结构响应参数相关性的影响,本文基于NGA数据库中5 266条水平分量地震动记录,采用皮尔森相关系数,分析了不同场地条件和断层距下地震动参数之间的相关性及其与结构响应参数的关系。结果表明,场地条件和断层距对绝大部分地震动参数相关性会产生明显影响,但存在一些参数的相关性几乎不受场地条件和断层距的影响;以四层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,发现在不同场地条件和断层距下,结构响应参数与地震动参数的相关性变化明显,这表明在研究结构响应与地震动参数相关性时需要考虑场地条件与断层距的影响。     

基于GIS的抗震设计地震动查询系统

基于ArcView CIS软件开发平台，建立了设计地震动参数和最不利设计地震动数据库，建成了基于性态设计和考虑最不利设计地震动因素的设计地震动查询系统，该系统主要为基于PC机工作的结构抗震设计人员提供相应的设计地震动参数和最不利设计地震动的设计地震动信息查询服务。     

Development of seismic fragility surfaces for reinforced concrete buildings by means of nonlinear time‐history analysis

Fragility curves are generally developed using a single parameter to relate the level of shaking to the expected structural damage. The main goal of this work is to use several parameters to characterize the earthquake ground motion. The fragility curves will, therefore, become surfaces when the ground motion is represented by two parameters. To this end, the roles of various strong‐motion parameters on the induced damage in the structure are compared through nonlinear time‐history numerical calculations. A robust structural model that can be used to perform numerous nonlinear dynamic calculations, with an acceptable cost, is adopted. The developed model is based on the use of structural elements with concentrated nonlinear damage mechanics and plasticity‐type behavior. The relations between numerous ground‐motion parameters, characterizing different aspects of the shaking, and the computed damage are analyzed and discussed. Natural and synthetic accelerograms were chosen/computed based on a consideration of the magnitude‐distance ranges of design earthquakes. A complete methodology for building fragility surfaces based on the damage calculation through nonlinear numerical analysis of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems is proposed. The fragility surfaces are built to represent the probability that a given damage level is reached (or exceeded) for any given level of ground motion characterized by the two chosen parameters. The results show that an increase from one to two ground‐motion parameters leads to a significant reduction in the scatter in the fragility analysis and allows the uncertainties related to the effect of the second ground‐motion parameter to be accounted for within risk assessments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同深度土层剪切波速的变化对场地地震动参数的影响分析——以Ⅱ类场地为例

以Ⅱ类场地为例,选取了山东地区2个场地的工程地质勘探及剪切波速等资料,通过改变不同深度段波速,分别建立土层模型,计算分析了不同深度段、不同概率水平条件下剪切波速的变化对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明,剪切波速的变化对场地地震动加速度峰值影响在浅层影响最大,基岩输入面处次之,深层最小;对特征周期的影响,在浅层影响最大,深层次之、基岩输入面处最小。研究结果为进一步研究土层剪切波速测试中的不确定性对场地地震动参数的影响及合理确定场地地震动参数提供一定的参考。     

陇东黄土高原地区建筑抗震设防参数研究

通过对陇东黄土高原区地质构造环境、历史地震影响与破坏特征、概率地震危险性计算等几方面的研究,对该区地震动参数特征进行了分析,研究了该区黄土场地及地形地貌对地震动参数的放大效应与分区特征.研究表明,陇东黄土高原地区的地震影响主要来自中远距离的大震,地震动持续时间长,长周期部分相对丰富,黄土场地及地形对地震动具有明显的放大效应,地震动参数具有明显的地貌分区特性.最后对比地震动参数区划图给出了陇东黄土高原地区建筑抗震设防参数的一些建议,认为在抗震设防参数取值中适当提高特征周期,对峰值加速度则按地貌分区取值.     

近断层地震动的频谱周期参数和非平稳特征分析

分析地震动的频谱周期参数和频率非平稳特征,是地震危险性分析和结构抗震设计的重要内容.本文对近断层地震动记录按照不同的运动特征分组,进行了Hilbert-Huang变换分析.结合相关的定义得到了表征地震动频谱特性的7个周期参数,包括:Fourier幅值谱平均周期Tm、Hilbert边际谱平均周期Tmh、特征周期Tc、卓越周期等,并计算了地震动的Hilbert谱瞬时频率时程变异系数.计算结果表明,从整体上把握地震动频谱特性的三个周期参数Tm 、Tmh 和Tc适合于表征近断层地震动的频谱成份.近断层地震动的频率非平稳特征显著,Hilbert谱瞬时频率变异系数良好地反映了地震动的频率非平稳性质和程度.而且,考察了近断层地震动运动特征对地震动频谱周期参数和频率非平稳性的影响.     

Seismic ground motion relationship in southern China based on stochastic finite-fault model

The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data. In this study, a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China, based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region. From these, the response spectra was estimated. A set of ground motion attenuation relations hipswas then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression, which would be applicable for use in engineering practice. Through comparisons, it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.     

不同抗震标准下的海洋石油平台设计地震动参数研究

在海洋石油平台抗震标准方面,中国与美国规范之间存在一定的差异。本文首先介绍了两国抗震规范中的相关内容。以渤海某油田为例,根据渤海及邻区的地震构造、地震活动环境及地震动衰减关系,利用概率方法进行地震危险性分析;采用一维等效线性化方法,根据场地土动力性能试验资料,确定不同抗震标准下的设计地震动参数。最后分析不同抗震标准下的地震动参数关系,以及对工程设计的影响。结合我国渤海与美国南加利福尼亚地区的地震活动性对比分析,对我国海洋石油平台的设防地震水准提出建议。     

地震动参数在建筑物抗震设计中的应用

传统考虑后期使用年限的地震动参数研究,在建筑物抗震设计中的应用,缺乏地震危险性分析和建筑物损伤指数分析,应用性差。提出新的地震动参数在建筑物抗震设计中的应用方法,以地震危险性分析为基础,通过水平地震动加速度衰减关系方程,求得建筑场地水平向基岩峰值加速度和反应谱,以此得到地震动加速度反应谱方程,利用该方程获得地震动反应谱参数,采用变形和线性组合构建损伤指数模型,获取地震波作用下地震动参数对建筑物损伤程度。实验结果表明,利用所提方法得到的地震动反应谱最小误差为0.563,小于允许误差4.0;在50年超越概率63%的条件下地震动参数值分别为0.26、0.095,所提方法可在规定误差范围内得到地震动反应谱参数值,其进行建筑物抗震设计精度和应用性高。     

基于物理的随机地震动模型研究

基于物理联系研究地震动随机性,建立了随机地震动与基底输入傅氏谱、场地固有圆频率和场地等价阻尼比之间的物理关系,从随机傅氏谱函数角度描述了地震动随机过程的随机性本质。结合Ⅳ类工程场地的实测地震动记录资料,由数值方法识别了给出基本随机变量的概率分布参数。与实测记录对比表明,本文建立的随机地震动模型具有明确的物理概念,可充分反映地震动的变异性特征。     

场地地震安全性评价中确定设计地震动参数方面若干问题的研究

研究了确定设计地震动参数中涉及的若干问题,其中包括基岩水平加速度反应谱衰减关系的选择、震源深度对基岩水平加速度峰值及基岩反应谱曲线的影响、强度包络线函数及输入随机相位的选择、土体非线性特性参数和土层剪切波速值的选择、设计地震动反应谱的标定等问题。在有关方面的研究中基于一个典型场地计算剖面,采用一维等效线性化模型并通过逐项变换某些研究参数的方法,研究了有关方面对设计地震动参数可能产生的影响及存在的误差和相应的规律,有关研究结果对合理确定设计地震动参数具有一定的实用价值。     

相对局部区域震源参数随机不确定性经验关系研究

在进行未来破坏性地震的强地面运动数值模拟时,震源参数选取的准确性对地震动预测的结果影响很大。震源参数的确定存在很多不确定性因素,既包含随机的不确定性因素,又包含认知的不确定性因素。本文在大量地震事件及文献调研的基础上,运用统计学方法对具备随机不确定性特征的震源参数进行统计研究,以震源参数经验公式的形态建立解释其随机性和不确定性的数学模型。为了研究局部地区震源参数的定标关系特征,获得更加适用于局部地震密集区域,尤其是包含中国大陆地区在内的局部区域的震源参数的经验关系,本文从GCMT地震目录中选取了1 700多个M_W≥5.5的地震事件,运用统计学方法研究地震密集地区的震源参数经验关系,包括震级、地震矩、破裂面积等,增加了相对较大的局部范围内凹凸体的地震样本数量,从统计学角度计算更加适合局部区域的震源参数的经验关系。统计结果表明:局部区域震例获得的震源参数的经验关系与不限区域震例获得的经验关系存在差异,尤其是涉及到断层破裂面积、凹凸体相关参数时差异较大,局部区域内震例获得的震源参数的经验关系将更具有代表性。应用本文获得的相对局部区域的经验公式计算未来破坏性地震的强地面运动所需的震源参数时,获得的地震动预测结果将更能体现目标区域真实的地震动特征,进而提高地震动预测结果的可靠性。      

Direct use of peak ground motion parameters for the estimation of inelastic displacement ratio of SDOF systems subjected to repeated far fault ground motions

This study is aimed at developing statistical equations to estimate the inelastic displacement ratio of singledegree- of-freedom systems subjected to far fault repeated earthquakes. In the study, peak ground motion parameters are used to define the scatter of the original data. The ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity, and peak ground velocity of the ground motion records and structural parameters such as period of vibration and lateral strength ratio are used in the proposed equations. For the development of the equations, nonlinear time history analyses of single-degree-offreedom systems are conducted. Then, the results are used in a multivariate regression procedure. The equations are verified by comparing the estimated results with the calculated results. The average error and coefficient of variation of the proposed equations are presented. The analyses results revealed that the direct use of peak ground motion parameters for the estimation of inelastic displacement ratio significantly reduced the scatter in the original data and yielded accurate results. From the comparative results it is also observed that results obtained using equations specific to peak ground velocity or peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity ratio are similar.     

基于特征分类排序的典型海底地震动记录研究

面向海域工程抗震设计及评估对海底地震动的需求,基于日本相模湾海域K-NET的ETMC海底强震动记录,根据震级、震中距选取面向工程输入的949组地震动记录数据库。在考虑震源类型差异的基础上,对地震动峰值、持时、频谱等参数进行分析,通过反应谱、Arias烈度等指标描述典型海底地震动特征。根据峰值加速度、显著持时等强度指标对海底地震动记录进行排序,给出基于不同地震动特征分类下的典型地震动记录。推荐的海底地震动可为考虑不同结构需求参数的典型海域工程结构时程分析提供输入地震动。     

地震动模拟过程中断层参数的敏感性分析

地震发生后通常无法快速获取较准确的断层参数,这可能会对采用地震动模拟方法进行地震动强度快速评估产生影响。选取美国西部两次地震,采用两种地震动模拟方法,通过改变断层走向、滑移角、倾角和震源深度等主要断层参数进行模拟计算,分析不同参数对地震动参数和反应谱值的影响以及不同方法计算结果的准确性。结果表明:GP方法模拟的结果比EXSIM方法更接近观测值;在参数误差范围内,相比于模拟方法本身的误差,各参数对模拟结果的影响较小,地震动强度快速评估时可以利用较合理的快速反演断层参数进行地震动模拟。