河北平山晚太古代阜平群中主要变质岩类及其深熔产物的稀土地球化学初步研究

河北平山小觉地区晚太古代阜平群含有三种主要表壳岩性质的变质岩类，即钾长浅粒岩类，黑云变粒岩－片麻岩类和角闪质岩石类。它们所经历的初期深熔作用产物，其岩石化学成分分别与钾长花岗岩，奥长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩相当，并在很大程度上继承了原岩（母岩）的总体岩石化学特征，可能由于深熔产物中富含稀土的一些副矿物含量的降低，它们的稀土总量都不同程度地较原岩为低，但两的稀土分布模式却很相似，这从另一角度说明了它们的成因关系。     

论清源北部太古代地质几个基本问题

以岩石学与构造研究相结合为基础，宏观与微观观察为主，地球化学为辅的综合研究方法论证了本区太古代地质体由三套变质建造组成。其中花岗质岩石占７１％，原地深熔紫苏花岗岩为１１．８％，浅色麻粒岩是１．２％，浅粒岩、含砾麻粒岩质浅粒岩（底砾岩）３６．７％和原地深熔花岗岩２０％。高角闪岩相以浅粒岩为主原地深熔花岗岩的原岩建造为类磨拉石建造系列。低角闪岩似绿岩建造的原岩建造为镁铁质泥灰岩粉砂岩型复理石建造。其地     

河北平山湾子群夕线石英集合体的地质地球化学特征及成因

河北平山地区早前寒武纪湾子群及相关岩石中夕线石英集合体成因存在长期争论。根据地质地球化学研究，本文将它们划分为3种不同类型。(1)球状和团块状夕线石英集合体，其形成与钾长浅粒岩的深熔作用有关。(2)面状夕线石英集合体，与钾长浅粒岩在应力状态下的变质分异作用有关。两者地球化学组成及与相邻浅色体关系受母岩和作用过程双重因素制约。(3)层状夕线石英集合体，为变质沉积成因，地球化学上反映了变质原岩的组成特征。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗北达布锡勒图岩体主微量元素地球化学特征及成因探讨

达布锡勒图岩体位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块兴蒙造山带中的二连-贺根山缝合线北侧附近.通过对岩体各类岩性样品进行稀土和微量元素含量分析,结果显示,花岗闪长岩类(包括黑云花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长岩)成因类型为I-S过渡型花岗岩,成岩岩浆可能为大洋俯冲板片和上覆陆壳变杂砂岩部分融熔的混合岩浆,花岗岩类(包括二长花岗岩、黑云花岗岩和钾长花岗岩)为S-型花岗岩,原岩为变质泥岩,均产出于大陆弧构造环境,非埃达克质岩石.     

陕西金堆成一黄龙铺地区含钼花岗岩类稀土元素地球化学研究

本文从稀土元素地球化学角度，对金堆城一簧龙铺地区花岗岩类形成机制及其与铂 矿化关系进行研究。结果表明:花岗岩类地质体起源子地壳岩石的深熔作用，其中金堆城花岗斑 岩是岩桨体系内部热重扩散效应的产物，而石家湾斑岩体只是老牛山岩基的分枝脉。’成岩方式制约着斑岩型钥矿床的规模和品位。岩桨期后热液蚀变可造成’原岩稀土总量和轻稀土元素含量降低，但重稀土元素保持相对稳定，因此，岩石稀土元素地球化学可成为评价含铂岩体的重要标志。     

辽吉地区含硼岩系中斜长角闪岩地球化学

辽吉地区古元古界含硼岩系经过了中高级区域变质和混合岩化作用,主要由黑云母变粒岩、浅粒岩、电气石变粒岩、斜长角闪岩及富镁质含矿岩石组成,局部形成层状混合花岗岩。斜长角闪岩在含硼岩系内各个岩组中都有分布,岩石化学分析显示斜长角闪岩具有富钠、富镁、高铁、高钛特征,MgO含量成多众数值分布,辽东地区斜长角闪岩MgO含量高于集安地区,并且各类斜长角闪岩中硼含量都较高。辽东地区B、Cr、Ni明显高于集安地区,显示为海相地幔岩浆岩特征更为明显,集安地区则显示为变质热液改造特征。辽东地区斜长角闪岩的稀土地化显示为热液改造的幔源岩浆特征,集安地区的斜长角闪岩的稀土地化显示为壳源沉积岩特征。含硼岩系斜长角闪岩与浅粒岩稀土配分模式相似,表明部分斜长角闪岩与浅粒岩具有岩浆成因特征,而电气变粒岩、黑云变粒岩与混合岩稀土富集模式显示海相沉积泥岩变质成因,混合岩化及变质热液对原岩具有明显改造作用。斜长角闪岩石的地球化学特征表明原岩环境为富钠、富硼的海相环境,原岩主要是海相富镁拉斑玄武岩和海相泥质岩。     

新疆北部花岗岩类的稀土特征

新疆北部的改造系列花岗岩演化由斜长花岗岩阶段、钾长花岗岩阶段至碱长花岗岩阶段,其稀土配分组成递降曲线簇.新疆北部的同熔型花岗岩类稀土配分基本为轻稀土富集型,具Eu负异常,有递增曲线簇和递降曲线簇两种情况.深源碱性系列轻重稀土比值大、Eu负异常一般不显著.文中还叙述了新疆北部的幔分异系列花岗岩类及一些古老花岗岩的稀土特征.     

秦岭杂岩中花岗质片麻岩体的岩石地球化学特征及成因

该片麻岩是目前秦岭杂岩中最古老的深成岩体，原岩岩性为（含斑）黑云母二长花岗岩，其地球化学特征是：ＳｉＯ２较高；Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ，Ｎａ２Ｏ大离子亲石元素及过渡性元素低；稀土总量变化大，轻稀土分馏明显，Ｅｕ为负异常（０．３１～０．６１）。岩体中所含的黑云母变粒岩包体在地球化学方面与主岩有明显互补性，为难熔残体。研究表明该古岩体是成分相当于秦岭杂岩的长英质变质岩的岩石于晋宁期下冲深埋过程中部分熔融的产物。     

早元古陡岭群变质杂岩的岩石地球化学特征

河南省淅川县大陡岭至西峡县田关一带分布的陡岭群变质杂岩，由角闪岩相的变质岩石组成，主要包括片麻岩、钙硅酸粒岩、斜长角闪岩，夹少量的大理岩、石墨片岩和极少量的石英岩。岩石地球化学特征表明：片麻岩的原岩为一套泥砂质的沉积碎屑岩，具有后太古沉积岩的组成特点，形成于活动大陆边缘环境；透辉石变粒岩的原岩为钙砂质的沉积碎屑岩，但可能与片麻岩有着不同的物源区；斜长角闪岩有明显不同的两种产出状态和不同的两类稀土模式，一类呈夹层状与片麻岩互层产出，总稀土含量较低和不强的轻重稀土分离，原岩为非大洋型的拉斑玄武质火山岩；另一类则呈透境状产出，并具有很高的总稀土含量和强的轻重稀土分离，及明显的Ｅｕ负异常，原岩为拉斑玄武质的深成侵入岩。陡岭群变质杂岩有与秦岭群类似的岩石组合、原岩建造和时代等特征，形成于非大洋的活动大陆边缘环境。     

陕西金堆城—黄龙铺地区含钼花岗岩类稀土元素地球化学研究

本文从稀土元素地球化学角度,对金堆城—黄龙铺地区花岗岩类形成机制及其与钼矿化关系进行研究。结果表明:花岗岩类地质体起源于地壳岩石的深熔作用,其中金堆城花岗斑岩是岩桨体系内部热重扩散效应的产物,而石家湾斑岩体只是老牛山岩基的分枝脉。成岩方式制约着斑岩型钼矿床的规模和品位。岩桨期后热液蚀变可造成原岩稀土总量和轻稀土元素含量降低,但重稀土元素保持相对稳定,因此,岩石稀土元素地球化学可成为评价含钼岩体的重要标志。     

On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous, and sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW~(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m~(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.     

Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA

A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution. Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient model necessary. Electronic Publication     

伊犁盆地石炭系—二叠系含油气性特征

伊犁盆地是在前震旦系基础上发展形成的双层结构盆地，即内裂谷盆地—山间陆相盆地。经多次造陆运动后，盆地内普遍缺失震旦系、下古生界、泥盆系、下三叠统和白垩系。盆地内的生油层主要为海相石炭系阿克沙克组、也列莫顿组，陆相二叠系院山萨依组、塔姆其萨依组。生油中心主要位于伊什基里克山—脱勒斯拜克山以北的湖盆区内。储层主要以二叠系、三叠系和保罗系的碎屑岩为主。伊犁盆地虽然经历了多期构造运动的影响，地质结构更加复杂，沉积中心的不断西移，但仍然在中新生代地层的地表及井下发现大量油气显示，表明该盆地具备生储油能力。该盆地有利与不利因素并存，对盆地的进一步勘探应加强基础研究工作，以避免盲目投入。     

Correlation of hydraulic conductivity with stratigraphy in a fractured-dolomite aquifer, northeastern Wisconsin, USA

This study integrated surface and subsurface stratigraphic data with geophysical logs and hydrogeologic data in order to characterize the hydraulic properties of the Silurian dolomite in northeastern Wisconsin. Silurian stratigraphy consists of predictable alternations of characteristic facies associations. A vertical profile of hydraulic conductivity, obtained from short-interval packer tests in a core hole that penetrates a majority of the Silurian section, indicates that hydraulic conductivity ranges over five orders of magnitude (10^–1 to 10^–6 cm/s). Matrix conductivity is generally low and varies with texture; the finer-grained restricted-marine and transitional facies being less permeable than the coarser-grained open-marine facies. High-conductivity values are generally associated with bedding-plane fractures, and fracture frequency is greater in the restricted-marine facies. High-flow features in 16 wells were identified using fluid-temperature/resistivity and heat-pulse flowmeter logs. Natural-gamma logs were used to identify the stratigraphic position of flow features in each well and to correlate flow features to specific stratigraphic horizons. By combining stratigraphic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic data, 14 high-permeability zones within the Silurian aquifer have been identified and correlated in wells more than 16 km apart. These zones parallel bedding, appear most pronounced at contacts between contrasting lithologies, and are most abundant in restricted-marine lithologies. Electronic Publication     

Small scale study of groundwater flow in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer at the St-Eustache quarry, Québec, Canada

A small-scale hydrogeological study was conducted in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer located in a quarry to relate groundwater flow to the fracture network. The field study in the St-Eustache quarry, which integrates structural surveys, well logging and hydraulic tests, showed that the most important features that affect groundwater flow in the sedimentary aquifer are high hydraulic conductivity horizontal bedding planes. Vertical fractures are abundant in the quarry and throughout the region, but they have a minor effect on groundwater flow. To have a significant impact on the flow regime and lead to vertical groundwater flow, the permeability of all vertical joints need to be enhanced compared to what was generally observed at the site. Such an increase in permeability could potentially occur where dissolution and fracturing is more intense or at stress release locations such as near the surface in the quarry.     

川西攀枝花—西昌地区结晶基底的划分

长期以来，由于同位素年龄依据不足和没有正确区分晚二叠世热接触变质岩、喜马拉雅期动力变质岩与前震旦纪区域变质岩，攀西地区结晶基底的划分存在许多困难和问题。本文依据1：50000区域地质调查结果，将原仁和群(Pt1R)修改为晚二叠世岩浆岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将五马箐(岩)组(Pt1w)和顶针杂岩(Pt1D)修改为晚二叠世热接触变质岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将安宁村组(Ptlα)和纸房沟组(Pt1z)修改为震旦系地层，并依据岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征，将结晶基底划分为变质侵入体、变质表壳岩和TTG套岩，论述了结晶基底的成因和演化。     

云南香格里拉洛吉乡基性-超基性岩中单斜辉石矿物成分特征及其地质意义

云南香格里拉洛吉乡出露一套基性-超基性岩块,前人对其属性的认识有分歧.岩相学研究发现该岩块具有正堆积结晶和补堆积结晶的特点,岩石化学特征具有贫碱、高钙和低氧逸度的特征,其母岩浆为亚碱性系列,并且显示出堆晶层状岩系演化特征.对其中的单斜辉石进行了矿物成分及化学成分研究,结果表明辉石种属为透辉石,晶体中类质同像替代现象普遍,阳离子取代特征显示出形成于高温低压的条件.温压计算结果表明透辉石形成平均温度为1 084℃,平均压力为0.15 GPa,结合岩石的成分和演化特征,认为该岩石形成于洋中脊,属洋壳组成的基性-超基性堆晶岩系,为甘孜-理塘延伸带的残余产物.     

Evidence for structurally controlled recharge in the Blue Ridge Province,Virginia, USA

Physical and geophysical data collected at a fractured-rock research site in the Blue Ridge Province of Virginia, USA indicate that recharge rates to a fractured-rock aquifer are controlled by a small-scale thrust fault associated with regional thrust faulting. Recharge rates appear to be correlated to spatial variation in the hydraulic conductivity of the regolith, which has been influenced by weathering rates and the metamorphic and structural history of the underlying parent material. The angle of dip of the thrust-fault shear zone and the fracturing within the crystalline rock adjacent to the fault plane appear to serve as geologic controls that preferentially direct infiltrated meteoric water to a deeper confined fractured-rock aquifer. In-situ analysis of electrical resistivity, matric potential and moisture content shows two distinctly different recharge processes which are spatially correlated with the structure of the shallow subsurface (regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone and regolith overlying the thrust-fault hanging wall), and which have strong temporal correlations with the dynamics of the underlying saturated conditions. Recharge flux within the regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone is strongly controlled by the orientation and areal extent of the thrust-fault shear zone, highlighting the importance of accurate delineation of recharge areas in crystalline rock aquifer systems.     

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。