新疆西准噶尔包古图金矿微量元素地球化学研究

包古图金矿由石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体组成,该矿的热液成矿期可以划分为4个阶段:粗粒石英脉阶段(Ⅰ)、含金细粒硫化物-石英脉阶段(Ⅱ)、含金粗粒自然砷-辉锑矿-石英脉阶段(Ⅲ)以及方解石脉阶段(Ⅳ),其中阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ是主要的金矿化阶段,形成自然金赋存于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿中,银金矿被自然砷、辉锑矿包裹。阶段Ⅰ石英脉的稀土元素总量(0.83×10-6~3.67×10-6)明显低于阶段Ⅱ(11.01×10-6~30.18×10-6),轻重稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)N=8.53~21.89]较阶段Ⅱ[(La/Yb)N=6.90~10.40]明显,但总体具有与区内中酸性侵入岩相似的稀土元素配分模式;阶段Ⅰ石英脉具有弱Eu正异常(δEu=1.09~1.80),阶段ⅡδEu主要集中于1.36~0.67之间;所有样品显示弱Ce负异常或无Ce异常(δCe=0.87~1.01)。矿化围岩和含矿石英脉中的黄铁矿均显示右倾型稀土元素配分模式,但石英脉中黄铁矿轻重稀土元素分馏更明显[(La/Yb)N=24.0~36.1],所有黄铁矿均具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.50~0.64)。不同阶段石英脉和黄铁矿中Ce、Eu异常表明成矿流体逐渐向较还原的状态演化。黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值(1.60~10.50)指示初始成矿流体为中温。包古图金矿含矿石英脉与区内广泛发育的中酸性斑岩体、岩脉在时间和空间上密切相关,具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,以上特征指示包古图金矿成矿作用与区内晚石炭世中酸性岩浆活动有关。     

新疆哈图金矿蚀变岩型矿体地质和地球化学研究

哈图金矿主要由石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体组成。蚀变岩型矿体的矿化蚀变主要包括钠长石化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化、碳酸盐化和绢云母化,其中黄铁矿化、毒砂化和碳酸盐化与成矿作用密切相关。矿体中主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和自然金。自然金主要存在于毒砂颗粒间隙内或被黄铁矿包裹。蚀变岩型矿体成矿作用可划分为5个阶段:石英-钠长石阶段(Ⅰ)、黄铁矿-钠长石阶段(Ⅱ)、毒砂-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅲ)、黄铜矿-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅴ),其中Ⅲ—Ⅳ阶段是主要的成矿期。黄铜矿-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)沉淀了大量黄铜矿和少量辉铜矿。不同程度蚀变的玄武岩围岩具有相似的平坦型球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式,并富集Cs、Ba、Rb、Sr和Pb等大离子亲石元素。石英-钠长石脉的轻、重稀土元素发生了弱分馏,呈弱右倾式配分模式,显示弱的Eu正异常。石英-方解石脉的轻、重稀土元素分馏和Eu正异常较石英-钠长石脉明显,说明成矿作用过程中,成矿流体向轻稀土元素富集和Eu正异常增强的方向演化。     

北山成矿带霍勒扎德盖金矿床碲化物的发现及其地质意义

甘肃省霍勒扎德盖大型金矿床位于北山造山带的黑鹰山弧内,含金石英脉主要赋存在早石炭世英云闪长岩内的裂隙或断裂中。流体成矿过程从早到晚划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个阶段,分别形成(磁铁矿)-黄铁矿-石英脉、石英-多金属硫化物脉和石英-方解石脉。本次研究通过矿相学观察、扫描电镜/能谱及电子探针分析,在该矿床Ⅱ阶段矿石样品中首次发现大量碲化物,该矿物系列主要产出在黄铁矿、石英中或其裂隙内。矿区已发现的碲化物包括碲金矿、斜方碲金矿、针碲金银矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿、碲铅矿、碲汞矿、碲铋矿等;金银矿物仅以碲化物的形成存在。Ⅰ阶段流体的硫逸度(logfS2=-11.1~-9.5)较高、碲逸度(logf Te2≤-12.8)较低,Ⅱ阶段流体显示低硫逸度(logfS2=-13.5~-10.2)、高碲逸度(logfTe2=-11.1~-7.8)特征。碲化物的发现揭示了矿床与深部幔源的紧密联系,但同时不能排除矿区英云闪长岩提供成矿物质的可能。     

江西永平Cu-W矿床白钨矿地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的指示

江西永平Cu-W矿床是钦杭成矿带东部一个大型Cu-W矿床。针对该矿床的成因,一直存在着海底喷流沉积型与矽卡岩型矿床的争论。文章针对该争论,通过对永平Cu-W矿床的白钨矿开展微量元素分析,研究了成矿流体性质、来源和矿床成因。永平Cu-W矿床发育3种类型白钨矿:退化蚀变阶段暗色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-1;亮色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-2;石英-硫化物阶段具有环带结构的白钨矿Ⅱ。白钨矿中Mo含量和Eu异常能够指示成矿流体氧化还原性。白钨矿Ⅰ-1富集Mo元素,并呈负Eu异常,指示氧化性;白钨矿Ⅰ-2和白钨矿Ⅱ中Mo含量减少,并且呈正Eu异常,指示成矿流体的氧逸度降低。永平Cu-W矿床所有白钨矿均呈明显的轻稀土元素富集模式,与典型矽卡岩型白钨矿稀土元素特征相一致,而明显不同于石英脉型矿床白钨矿中稀土元素或重稀土元素富集模式。白钨矿具有高Mo和低Sr元素,与岩浆-热液白钨矿特征一致,而明显不同于变质来源的白钨矿,指示成矿流体来源于岩浆。白钨矿的Y/Ho比值范围为19～43,与似斑状黑云母花岗岩(Y/Ho=25～30)相似,明显不同于石炭系叶家湾组(Y/Ho=34～75),指示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。白钨矿地球化学特征指示永平Cu-W矿床为矽卡岩型矿床。     

东天山马头滩金矿成矿流体稀土元素特征

用ICP－MS方法对金矿中磁铁矿－黄铁矿－绿泥石－石英成矿阶段（第Ⅱ成矿阶段）和多金属硫化物阶段（第Ⅲ成矿阶段）石英中的流体包裹体的稀土元素测定，发现第Ⅱ、Ⅲ成矿阶段流体中的REE组成具相同的Eu亏损和相似的右倾斜分布型式。与矿区火山岩和侵入岩的REE组分对比分析，认为成矿流体的REE组成主要继承了火山岩和侵入岩（早期岩浆热液）的Eu亏损和右倾斜特征，但前者的LREE更加富集、分布曲线更加向右陡倾斜，反映与晚期变质水和大气降水的混合作用后，成矿流体中REE组成发生了变化。     

新疆吐拉苏盆地京希-伊尔曼德金矿地质和地球化学特征研究

京希-伊尔曼德金矿位于新疆北天山吐拉苏盆地的西北缘,赋存于泥盆纪-早石炭世火山-沉积地层底部的凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩中,围岩经历了绢云母化、黄铁矿化、多期硅化和角砾化、碳酸盐化和重晶石化,金矿化与硅化围岩紧密伴生。矿体呈透镜状、层状和似层状,产状与围岩基本一致,主要由热液角砾岩型矿石组成,其热液演化期由四个阶段组成:I:硅化及绢云母化——在围岩凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩中形成大量浸染状石英、绢云母和少量黄铁矿;II:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩a,角砾为早期蚀变围岩,胶结物为烟灰色玉髓状石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;III:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩b,角砾为热液角砾岩a和蚀变围岩,胶结物为细粒石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;IV:方解石-重晶石阶段——形成大量粗大的方解石-重晶石脉。京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体本身富集V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Sb,且其中的Mn、Co、Zn、Bi以及大离子亲石元素LILE主要来自火山岩围岩。从成矿早期到晚期,成矿流体轻稀土元素逐渐富集、氧化性增强。水-岩体系氢、氧同位素组成模拟计算表明,京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体主要为与区内火山岩再平衡的岩浆水,其中金浓度为1×10-6～2×10-6,形成该矿需要约1×108～0.5×108t岩浆热液,蚀变围岩和矿石中黄铁矿富集轻稀土元素。角砾化作用及其伴随的氧逸度升高是导致金沉淀的主要机制。     

新疆西准噶尔灰绿山金矿地质特征初步研究

灰绿山金矿由热液脉型和浸染状矿石组成。围岩蚀变矿物为石英、黄铁矿、绿泥石和碳酸盐,其中黄铁矿和碳酸盐与成矿作用密切相关。其主要矿石矿物有黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和自然金。热液成矿作用划分为石英-钠长石-碳酸盐、粗粒石英、黄铁矿-毒砂、黄铁矿-碳酸盐、石英-方解石5个阶段。不同蚀变围岩具相似稀土分布模式,大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土元素在围岩与成矿流体反应中发生了迁移。     

新疆萨Ⅰ金矿床石英菱镁岩与金成矿作用研究

新疆西准噶尔萨Ⅰ金矿床由含金糜棱岩化石英菱镁岩和含金石英脉组成,矿体围岩为石英菱镁岩、碳酸盐-滑石片岩和蛇纹岩。根据岩相学研究,将萨Ⅰ金矿床的形成过程划分为5个阶段：黄铁矿-石英-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅰ）、自然金-辉砷镍矿-铬云母阶段（Ⅱ）、黄铁矿-碳酸盐-石英阶段（Ⅲ）、自然金-硫化物-石英阶段（Ⅳ）和碳酸盐阶段（Ⅴ）。阶段Ⅰ和阶段Ⅱ对应于石英菱镁岩经历的韧-脆性变形时期,其他3个阶段形成于脆性变形期间,反映出构造性质由挤压向拉伸环境转换的过程。阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅳ分别对应于Au-As和Au-Cu成矿作用。金矿化与石英菱镁岩经历的剪切变形过程相关。含金糜棱岩化石英菱镁岩的微量元素含量明显高于未变形的石英菱镁岩,说明剪切带流体输送了相关微量元素和成矿元素。在韧性变形向脆性变形转换过程中,流体压力骤降,含金络合物分解形成金矿。萨Ⅰ金矿床是产在糜棱岩化石英菱镁岩中的严格受剪切带控制的热液脉型金矿床。     

胶东台上金矿床成矿流体演化：载金黄铁矿稀土元素和微量元素组成约束

胶西北金资源量占胶东地区的90%,台上金矿床是胶西北最大的断裂带招平断裂带内重要的"焦家式"金矿床矿体严格受破头青断裂及其下盘的次级断裂控制;蚀变主要有钾长石化、绢英岩化、硅化和碳酸盐化蚀变;矿化类型划分为破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型。矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次是黄铜矿和方铅矿。根据野外蚀变、矿化发育情况,手标本及镜下鉴定,将成矿期划分为4个阶段:即黄铁矿-石英-绢云母阶段(Ⅰ);石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ);石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ);石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。本研究在不同中段内系统采集了不同成矿阶段的蚀变岩型和脉型矿石样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法分析样品内黄铁矿微量元素、稀土元素,以此反映成矿流体演化。与碳质球粒陨石相比,各阶段黄铁矿的LREE比HREE更富集,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值均小于1,表明成矿流体中富Cl-,F-含量低。与大陆地壳相比,黄铁矿微量元素特征表明成矿流体富集亲硫元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和铁族元素Co、Ni。各阶段黄铁矿Ce异常较弱(δCe值0.86~1.03),表明在成矿过程中物理化学条件为还原环境。Eu2+易于在高温条件下存在,形成正异常,黄铁矿内Eu主要为负异常,Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段δEu值0.26~1.06,变化范围较大,个别样品δEu值大于1,Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段δEu值0.45~0.61,变化范围减小,分布在0.5左右,δEu值变化特征表明成矿前期流体温度总体较低,有较高温度的热液混入,成矿后期流体温度较低。同一热液体系中Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值稳定,台上金矿床各成矿阶段Y/Ho值、Zr/Hf值和Nb/Ta值变化范围较大,表明成矿各阶段热液体系可能受到干扰,发生了交代作用或有外来热液加入。黄铁矿Y/Ho范围与中国东部大陆地壳Y/Ho范围重合最多,表明成矿流体与地壳关系密切。     

青海东昆仑果洛龙洼金矿床东区Ⅰ矿体群稀土元素地球化学

位于东昆仑东段昆中断裂的果洛龙洼金矿,为一具有大型远景的金矿床,是沟里金矿化集中区中造山带型金矿床的典型代表.根据对Ⅰ矿体群深入系统的野外地质考察和显微镜下观察结果,本文将矿化分为石英脉型、蚀变岩(强硅化)型、千枚岩(弱硅化)型和破碎带型等四大类(其中石英脉型和蚀变岩型最为主要),并对这四类矿石的分布特征、矿物组合、结构构造和围岩蚀变等进行了系统的描述.借助电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对不同类型矿石进行稀土元素含量分析,结果显示全部样品的轻、重稀土元素分异特征明显(LREE/HREE=4.52～16.82),轻稀土元素和重稀土元素内部分异不显著,为典型的轻稀土富集型.具有Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.56～1.00)和Ce正异常(Ce/Ce*=0.95～1.61)特征,表明成矿流体本身亏损Eu或来源于亏损Eu的源区,且成矿时处于还原环境.不同类型矿石与赋矿围岩及含金黄铁矿稀土组成特征和分布模式对比,结果显示成矿流体中的稀土元素主要继承于围岩,并具有由石英脉型向蚀变岩型,再向千枚岩型演化的特征.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)