大别-苏鲁及其邻近地区基于背景噪声的瑞雷波和勒夫波相速度层析成像

采用与作者2014年发表的“大别-苏鲁及其邻近地区基于背景噪声的勒夫波群速度成像”文章相同的资料,用频时分析提取5 000余条瑞雷波和4 000余条勒夫波相速度频散曲线,反演得到了8—32 s的瑞雷波和勒夫波相速度分布图像．结果显示,瑞雷波与勒夫波相速度分布具有很好的一致性．8 s的相速度分布与地表构造特征相吻合,造山带与隆起区均表现为高速,盆地因其规模不同而显示不同程度的低速．随着周期的增大,大别 苏鲁的高速带由强变弱,但始终存在．16—24 s的高速可能主要受到中地壳高速的控制,而32 s的高速则可能与上地幔顶部的高速有关．比较大别造山带与苏鲁造山带的平均频散曲线,发现大别造山带和苏鲁造山带的勒夫波频散曲线均高于AK135模型计算的理论频散曲线,而瑞雷波则没有这一现象. 这可能意味着两个地区有比较强烈的径向各向异性．      

东北地区背景噪声的Rayleigh和Love波相速度层析成像

本文利用中国数字地震台网位于东北地区的122个宽频地震台站的18个月记录的三分量连续地震噪声数据,采用互相关方法提取了Rayleigh和Love波经验格林函数,并利用时频自动分析技术获取了相应的相速度频散曲线.通过反演频散曲线,获得了Rayleigh和Love波周期为8~35s的二维相速度分布.结果表明,东北地区相速度的分布存在横向和垂向的不均匀性.短周期的相速度分布同地表地质构造密切相关,松辽盆地及山间沉积盆地呈现低速异常,而大兴安岭、小兴安岭及东部的一些山岭显示高速异常.随着周期的增加,位于中间的松辽盆地变为高低速相间,两侧的造山带呈现低速异常.这种异常的转变,可能是受构造活动或者莫霍面深度的影响.另外,在周期为20~35s频段内,Rayleigh和Love波同一周期的相速度在松辽盆地和位于吉林地区的郯庐断裂带表现不一致,表明可能存在径向各向异性.     

Crustal structure beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai Sea and its adjacent region in China based on ambient noise tomography

The velocity structure of the crust beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai sea in China was imaged using ambient seismic noise recorded by 73 regional broadband stations. All available three-component time series from the 12-month span between January and December 2013 were cross-correlated to yield empirical Green's functions for Rayleigh and Love waves. Phasevelocity dispersion curves for the Rayleigh waves and the Love waves were measured by applying the frequencytime analysis method. Dispersion measurements of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave were then utilized to construct 2D phase-velocity maps for the Rayleigh wave at8–35 s periods and the Love wave at 9–32 s periods,respectively. Both Rayleigh and Love phase-velocity maps show significant lateral variations that are correlated well with known geological features and tectonics units in the study region. Next, phase dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave extracted from each cell of the 2D Rayleigh wave and Love wave phase-velocity maps,respectively, were inverted simultaneously to determine the3 D shear wave velocity structures. The horizontal shear wave velocity images clearly and intuitively exhibit that the earthquake swarms in the Haicheng region and theTangshan region are mainly clustered in the transition zone between the low-and high-velocity zones in the upper crust, coinciding with fault zones, and their distribution is very closely associated with these faults. The vertical shear wave velocity image reveals that the lower crust downward to the uppermost mantle is featured by distinctly high velocities, with even a high-velocity thinner layer existing at the bottom of the lower crust near Moho in central and northern the Bohai sea along the Tanlu fault, and these phenomena could be caused by the intrusion of mantle material, indicating the Tanlu fault could be just as the uprising channel of deep materials.     

鄂西地区宽频地震台阵背景噪声特征

利用鄂西地区长时间段宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声记录,采用波形互相关方法得到台站对间的互相关函数,并通过聚束分析获得瑞雷波和勒夫波的慢度谱,研究鄂西地区背景噪声源的时空分布特征。结果表明,5~10 s周期范围,背景噪声来源于南太平洋且没有季节变化;10~20 s周期范围,慢度谱上显示明显的能量环,表明噪声源来源于多个方向,且表现出强烈和急剧的季节变化;20~40 s周期范围,慢度谱上也存在明显的能量环,其产生机制可能与此周期下提出的次重力波机制相似。在不同的周期范围内,噪声源分布方位有所不同,但在周期10~40 s范围噪声源在各方向均有分布。因此,利用长时间段连续噪声数据计算的互相关函数在周期10~40 s范围内满足背景噪声面波层析成像的理论前提。     

青藏高原东北缘及邻区Rayleigh和Love波背景噪声层析成像

基于青藏高原东北缘及邻区流动密集地震台阵——喜马拉雅二期2013年12月至2015年8月期间的三分量连续波形数据,采用背景噪声成像方法获得了Rayleigh波周期为6~30 s和Love波6~25 s的二维相速度.6~12 s Rayleigh和Love波相速度在鄂尔多斯盆地及银川—河套地堑呈现明显的低速异常,而在西秦岭造山带和中亚造山带则显示高速异常.16~25 s的相速度同时受中下地壳及上地幔顶部速度结构和地壳厚度影响.此周期范围内,位于青藏高原的祁连地块和松潘甘孜地块北部呈现大范围相速度低速异常,青藏高原周边的鄂尔多斯和西秦岭造山带表现为高速异常.青藏高原与周边块体相速度的横向不均匀性,可能反映了构造活动或者地壳厚度的差异.此外,中亚造山带在周期16~20 s时,Rayleigh波相速度高低相间,但Love波大范围高速异常,两者差异可能反映了径向各向异性的影响.     

长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳剪切波速度结构和径向各向异性

收集了安徽、江西、浙江、江苏、湖北和河南6个省的区域地震台网138个宽频地震台站以及中国地质大学(北京)在长江中下游成矿带布设的19个流动宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声数据,利用背景噪声面波层析成像方法,获得了长江中下游成矿带及其邻区地壳三维剪切波速度结构和径向各向异性特征.首先获得了5~38s周期的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度,结果显示短周期(16s)的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度与研究区内的主要地质构造单元具有良好的相关性,但在中长周期(20~30s)瑞利波相速度显示大别造山带东部为明显低速特征,而勒夫波相速度并未表现出异常特征.研究区域地壳三维有效剪切波速度和径向各向异性结果显示:苏北盆地和江汉盆地上地壳都表现为低速和正径向各向异性特征,华北克拉通东南部也表现为正径向各向异性,这可能与盆地浅部沉积层的水平层理结构相关.大别造山带中地壳显示为弱的正径向各向异性,同时其东部下地壳显示为低剪切波速度和强的正径向各向特征,可能是由于其在造山后发生了中下地壳的流变变形,引起各向异性矿物近水平排列所导致的.长江中下游成矿带内的鄂东南和安庆—贵池矿集区中地壳弱的负径向各向异性可能是由于深部岩浆向上渗透时所产生的有限应力导致结晶各向异性矿物的垂直排列所引起的.整个长江中下游成矿带下地壳都表现出正径向各向异性特征,可能是由于在伸展拉张的构造作用力下,下地壳矿物的晶格优势水平排列所引起的.     

河南及邻区瑞利波群速度噪声层析成像

本文选取河南及邻区39个宽频带和甚宽频带地震台站记录的2014年1月～2015年12月垂直分量的连续波形资料,通过波形互相关和叠加运算得到台站间的经验格林函数,并用时频分析方法提取了498条瑞利波群速度频散曲线,进而采用噪声层析成像方法反演获得了河南及邻区8～25s的瑞利波群速度分布图像。结果表明,8s周期的群速度分布与地表构造特征密切相关,平原地区表现为低速异常,而基岩出露的山区呈现为高速异常;14s、20s周期的群速度在山区表现的高速异常与8s相似,说明中上地壳与地壳浅部结构有一定的相关性和继承性;8～20s周期的群速度在华北平原地区存在低速异常范围随周期增加而减小的现象。华北平原地区在下地壳表现出的低速异常,可能与大陆地壳减薄有关。大致以太行-武陵重力梯度带为界,下地壳表现出的西部低速、东部至研究区中部高速异常差异,体现了地壳东薄西厚的结构特征。     

基于背景噪声初步研究河北及邻区的剪切波速度结构

本文根据2010年1～12月河北及邻区的83个宽频地震仪12个月连续噪声记录, 分析了河北及邻区瑞利面波的群速度频散曲线并反演了主要分区内的典型路径剪切波速度结构。 首先采用多重滤波方法提取了台站对5～50 s的面波群速度频散曲线, 然后用Herrmann线性反演方法反演了剪切波速度结构。 结果表明, 群速度频散曲线及剪切波速度分布特征与地表地质和构造特征表现出较好的相关性, 清晰地揭示了地壳内部的横向速度变化。 在短周期(8～20 s), 拥有较厚的沉积层的平原地区表现为明显的低速特征, 而隆起地区则表现为较高的群速度分布特征: 随着周期的增加(>20 s)速度的特征有所改变, 30 s之后由于受地壳厚度的影响, 两者的速度差异逐渐缩小, 在中下地壳波速度随深度增加而增大。 同时, 研究发现在研究区域内西南方向的噪声源占主导作用。     

Crustal Structure of the Korean Peninsula Using Surface Wave Dispersion and Numerical Modeling

Surface wave dispersion is studied to obtain the 1-D average velocity structure of the crust in the Korean Peninsula by inverting group- and phase-velocities jointly. Group velocities of short-period Rayleigh and Love waves are obtained from cross-correlations of seismic noise. Multiple-filter analysis is used to extract the group velocities at periods between 0.5 and 20 s. Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in 10- and 50-s periods are obtained by applying the two-station method to teleseismic data. Dispersion curves of all group and phase velocities are jointly inverted for the 1-D average model of the Korean Peninsula. The resultant model from surface wave analysis can be used as an initial model for numerical modeling of observations of North Korean events for a velocity model appropriated to the Korean Peninsula. The iterative process is focused especially on the surface sedimentary layer in the numerical modeling. The final model, modified by numerical modeling from the initial model, indicates that the crust shear wave velocity increases with depth from 2.16 km/s for a 2-km-thick surface sedimentary layer to 3.79 km/s at a Moho depth of 33 km, and the upper mantle has a velocity of 4.70 km/s.     

黑龙江地区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像

本文选取黑龙江省台网及吉林、内蒙古部分台站共44个固定地震台站连续2年的地震数据,利用两个台站间互相关方法获得瑞利面波经验格林函数,再用自适应时频分析方法提取群速度频散曲线,最后利用传统面波层析成像方法反演获得黑龙江地区周期为8～40 s范围内群速度分布图像.反演结果揭示黑龙江地区地壳及上地幔群速度结构存在明显横向不均...     

Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography

We apply ambient noise tomography to significant seismic data resources in a region including the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin.The seismic data come from about 160 stations of the provincial broadband digital seismograph networks of China.Ambient noise cross-correlations are performed on the data recorded between 2007 and 2009 and high quality inter-station Rayleigh phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained between periods of 6 s to 35 s.Resulting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps possess a lateral resolution between 100 km and 200 km.The phase velocities at short periods (20 s) are lower in the Sichuan basin,the northwest segment of the Ordos block and the Weihe graben,and outline sedimentary deposits.At intermediate and long periods (25 s),strong high velocity anomalies are observed within the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin and low phase velocities are imaged in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,reflecting the variation of crustal thickness from the Tibetan plateau to the neighboring regions in the east.Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocities vary strongly between the Tibetan plateau,the Sichuan basin and the Ordos block.The Ordos block and the Sichuan basin are dominated by high shear wave velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle.There is a triangle-shaped low velocity zone located in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,whose width narrows towards the eastern margin of the plateau.No low velocity zone is apparent beneath the Qinling orogen,suggesting that mass may not be able to flow eastward through the boundary between the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin in the crust and uppermost mantle.     

基于背景噪声的川滇地区勒夫波层析成像

本文选取了川滇地区98个固定台站记录到的三分量地震背景噪声数据,采用互相关方法提取了勒夫波互相关函数,并利用自适应时频分析方法获取了勒夫波群速度频散曲线,经反演得到周期为8—30 s的勒夫波群速度分布图像.层析成像结果显示:短周期的勒夫波群速度分布图像呈明显的横向不均匀性,且与地表地质和构造特征基本一致,其中四川盆地呈不均匀的低速异常,盆地内成都平原地区的群速度相对低于盆地中部的丘陵地区,速度分界线为遂宁与峨眉山之间的连线,四川盆地内的群速度变化反映出沉积层厚度的变化情况;攀枝花地区呈高速异常,可能与古地幔活动有关,幔源物质以侵入岩和底侵岩浆的形式停留在地壳的不同深度,从而形成高速异常的特征.本文结果为了解川滇地区的构造运动提供了地震学线索,并为下一步研究地壳径向各向异性奠定了基础.      

广东及其邻域噪声面波层析成像

通过收集广东及其邻域104个固定地震台站近10个月的垂直分量连续波形数据资料, 使用地震背景噪声互相关格林函数方法, 获得了大部分台站对的背景噪声互相关曲线. 基于这些对称叠加的互相关曲线, 利用时频分析方法, 进一步提取了该地区周期为5—40 s的基阶瑞雷波群速度频散曲线. 其噪声来源分析结果显示: 广东及其邻域的噪声场来源有很强的方向性, 短周期(5—10 s)噪声主要来自东南方向, 范围基本与海岸线分布一致, 可能是由于近海水陆相互作用产生的;较长周期 (15—30 s) 噪声主要来自三大洋的方位. 以这些提取的噪声面波资料为基础, 采用噪声面波层析成像方法反演得到了该地区周期为5—28 s的瑞雷波群速度层析成像图, 从该图可以看出, 广东及其邻域地下结构的横向变化总体较小, 沉积层厚度较薄, 地壳中可能普遍存在一个低速层;从研究区历史地震的分布及其表层地质构造的发育特征来看, 地震主要分布在高、低速过渡带附近, 表明面波群速度与地震之间具有较强的耦合关系;从群速度的低速异常特征来看, 广东及其邻域普遍分布的温泉和高地热主要受深部构造的控制和影响.      

Surface Wave Group Velocity Tomography Imaging from Ambient Noise for Fujian Province and Its Adjacent Areas

Two-month continuous waveforms of 108 broadband seismic stations in Fujian Province and its adjacent areas are used to compute noise cross-correlation function (NCF). The signal quality of NCF is improved via the application of time-frequency phase weighted stacking. The Rayleigh and Love waves group velocities between 1s-20s are measured on the symmetrical component of the NCF with the multiple filter method. More than 5,000 Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and about 4,000 Love wave dispersion curves are obtained and used to invert for group velocity maps. This data set provides about 50km resolution that is demonstrated with checkerboard tests. Considering the off great circle effect in inhomogeneous medium, the ray path is traced based on the travel time field computed with a finite difference method. The inverted group velocity maps show good correlation with the geological features in the upper and middle crust. The Fuzhou basin and Zhangzhou basin showed low velocity on the short period group velocity maps. On the long period group velocity maps, the low velocity anomaly in the high heat flow region near Zhangzhou and clear velocity contrast across the Zhenghe-Dapu faults, which suggests that the Zhenghe-Dapu fault might be a deep fault.     

Crustal structure beneath the Dabie orogenic belt from ambient noise tomography

The Qinling–Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt in east-central China is the largest high and ultrahigh pressure (HP and UHP) metamorphic zone in the world. The Dabie Mountains are the central segment of this orogenic belt between the North China and Yangtze cratons. This work studies the nature of the crustal structure beneath the Dabie orogenic belt to better understand the orogeny. To do that, we apply ambient noise tomography to the Dabie orogenic belt using ambient noise data from 40 stations of the China National Seismic Network (CNSN) between January 2008 and December 2009. We retrieve high signal noise ratio (SNR) Rayleigh waves by cross-correlating ambient noise data between most of the station pairs and then extract phase velocity dispersion measurements from those cross-correlations using a spectral method. Taking those dispersion measurements, we obtain high-resolution phase velocity maps at 8–35 second periods. By inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps, we construct a high-resolution 3D shear velocity model of the crust in the Dabie orogenic belt.The resulting 3D model reveals interesting crustal features related to the orogeny. High shear wave velocities are imaged beneath the HP/UHP metaphoric zones at depths shallower than 9 km, suggesting that HP/UHP metaphoric rocks are primarily concentrated in the upper crust. Underlying the high velocity HP/UHP metamorphic zones, low shear velocities are observed in the middle crust, probably representing ductile shear zones and/or brittle fracture zones developed during the exhumation of the HP/UHP metamorphic rocks. Strong high velocities are present beneath the Northern Dabie complex unit in the middle crust, possibly related to cooling and crystallization of intrusive igneous rocks in the middle crust resulting from the post-collisional lithosphere delamination and subsequent magmatism. A north-dipping Moho is revealed in the eastern Dabie with the deepest Moho appearing beneath the Northern Dabie complex unit, consistent with the model of Triassic northward subduction of the Yangtze Craton beneath the North China Craton.     

青藏高原东北缘噪声层析成像研究

利用青海、甘肃和宁夏3个区域地震台网两年的波形数据,通过地动噪声层析成像方法给出了青藏高原东北缘8—40 s的瑞雷面波二维群速度结构和三维地壳上地幔顶部的剪切波速度结构。研究结果显示,相比传统的面波层析成像方法,噪声层析成像给出的短周期面波信息能够较好地约束地壳和上地幔顶部结构。8 s和10 s周期的群速度图像与沉积层和基底结晶深度有关,具体而言:祁连山和西秦岭造山带表现为高速体特征,柴达木盆地、河西走廊和鄂尔多斯西缘表现为低速特征;周期为15 s和20 s的瑞雷面波群速度图像反映的是中地壳结构,15 s周期群速度图像上造山带下方高速体向北和向东方向扩展,20 s周期群速度图像呈现大范围低速体,推测为中下地壳低速层影响所致;30 s和40 s周期的群速度图像反映的是莫霍面深度附近的速度结构,具体表现为青藏高原大范围的低速体,向北和向东逐渐表现为高速体,说明青藏高原的莫霍面深度较深,且向北和向东逐渐减薄。另外,三维剪切波速度结构显示祁连地块和甘孜地块中地壳存在大范围低速层,且由柴达木盆地东侧深部的低速层连接,该低速层可能是青藏高原物质北移的一个通道。      

辽宁及邻区背景噪声面波群速度结构研究

收集辽宁及邻区59个宽频带地震仪记录的自2012年1月1日至12月31日的背景噪声连续波形垂向记录, 以背景噪声的方法获取辽宁及邻区面波群速度图像。 过程采用互相关的方法提取瑞利面波格林函数, 利用CPS330提取了群速度的频散曲线, 共从1655条频散曲线中筛选出了1233条信噪比较高的频散曲线。 将研究区划分为0.5°×0.5°的网格, 应用的层析成像方法得到了周期为8~40 s的瑞利面波群速度结构分布。 结果表明: 辽宁地区地壳及上地幔存在明显的横向不均匀性。 短周期群速度分布与研究区内断裂带及地质构造地貌形态表现出良好的相关性, 其中8~15 s周期内群速度分布特征与盆地坳陷、 山区隆起对应性较好, 呈“两垒高, 一堑低”的群速度分布特点, 基本与地质构造相吻合, 地震多位于高低速过渡带内。 较长周期20~30 s的群速度在渤海湾-辽东湾中存在低速异常, 显示了渤海湾盆地和下辽河盆地具有较厚的沉积层覆盖。 35~40 s与莫霍面的深度有明显关联性,莫霍面埋深大体呈西厚东薄的特点。 38~40 s周期内郯庐断裂带东侧的低速异常可能说明渤海内存在局部的热物质上涌现象。 本文结果较好地反映了研究区内地貌地质构造情况, 与区域内地壳及上地幔结构的相关研究成果相吻合, 为辽宁及邻区的地震活动构造背景及地震孕育机理提供重要参考资料。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL S-WAVE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON AMBIENT NOISE ANALYSIS IN EASTERN NORTH

We apply ambient noise tomography to continuous vertical component broadband seismic data between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011from the regional networks of 190 stations deployed by China Earthquake Administration in Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mengolia. Ambient noise cross-correlations were performed to produce the Green's functions of each station-pair. Firstly, we used the multiple-filter analysis method to extract surface wave group and phase velocity dispersion curves from inter-station paths at periods from 7 to 40s. Then the study area was discretized into a 0.2°×0.2° grid to obtain the group and phase velocity distributions using O'ccam inversion method. After that, three dimensional (3-D) S-wave velocity structures from the surface down to 50km are inverted from group and phase velocities dispersion results. the results of S wave velocity distribution maps generally demonstrate good correlations with surface geological and tectonic features, and they also clearly revealed the lateral velocity variation in the crust. In the mid-upper crust, the basins are clearly resolved with low S wave velocity due to its thick sedimentary layer, and the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts show relative higher S wave velocity distribution. With the increase of depth (>30km), the S wave velocity distribution presents a contrary characteristic compared to that of the shallow layer, and the S wave velocity beneath the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts are much lower than basin areas, which is possibly correlated with the thickness of the crust. 3-D S wave velocity shows a low-velocity zone at~10~20km depth observed beneath the Tanshan-Hejian-Xintai-Cixian belt and Bohai Bay. the low-velocity zone at~20~30km depth beneath the Datong area may be associated with the thermal material in the crust-mantle. Our S wave velocity distribution maps clearly show that Taihang Mountains is not only the boundary of topography and tectonic zone, but also the transition zone of high and low S wave velocity.     

新疆地区环境噪声层析成像研究

本文利用北京大学宽频带流动地震台阵和新疆地震监测台网12个月连续地震记录数据,采用环境噪声层析成像方法获得了新疆地区的周期从10～35 s范围内的瑞利面波相速度异常分布图像.研究结果与地表地质构造相一致,新疆地区的天山、两盆大地构造与瑞利面波相速度异常有较好的对应关系.短周期10～20 s的图像显示两个盆地内都呈现低速...     

福建及其邻区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像

基于福建及邻区108个宽频带地震台站2016年6月到7月两个月垂直和水平分量波形连续记录, 利用相位加权叠加算法提高信噪比, 计算得到108个台站对的高质量经验格林函数。 对所获取的经验格林函数, 采用时频分析的方法在1~20 s频段内量取了大量高质量的Rayleigh波和Love波群速度频散数据。 在此基础上, 采用基于射线追踪的二维层析成像方法反演得到了福建及其邻区1~20 s的Rayleigh波和Love波群速度分布。 分辨率测试结果表明群速度分布的分辨率能达50 km。 成像结果显示1~10 s的群速度分布与地壳中上部地质特征有很好的一致性, 区内的福州盆地和漳州盆地在浅层结构中表现出明显的低速异常。 长周期的群速度则揭示了漳州西北的高地热区内中下地壳低速体, 政和-大埔断裂两侧的速度差异, 表明其可能是一个深大断裂, 并呈现明显的东西差异。