论土地测量的平差条件

本文阐述了城镇，农村广大地区已建成统一的大地或城市平面控制网的情况下，实施地籍管理中量算得的地块面积数值，以图幅大地块面积的固定值进行了平差处理的可行性。     

城市中的地籍测量与拨地测量

本文简略总结了地籍测量、拨地测量的共性特点，提出“理论地籍”概念     

工程测量学的发展评述

本文对工程测量学重新进行了定义,指出了该学科的地位和研究应用领域,阐述了工程测量学领域通用和专用仪器的发展,在理论方法发展方面,重点对平差理论、工程网优化设计、就业菜观测数据处理方法进行了归纳和总结。扼要地叙述了大型特种精密工程测量在国内外的发展情况。结合科研和开发实践,简介了地面控制与施工测量工程内外业数据处理一体化自动化系统－－科傻系统。最后展望了２１世纪工程测量学若干发展方向。     

从解析摄影测量到数字摄影测量的进展

本文概括了从解析摄影测量到数字摄影测量的进展，部分地考虑了所采用的方法，但主要强调数学和物理原理。解析摄影测量的原始信息量测数据是影像坐标，而数字摄影测量原始信息量测数据是数字影像灰度值。从这两种原始数据的本质可以明显地看出解析摄影测量与数字摄影测量的基本区别。对这两种技术，比较了它们的高斯－马尔柯夫估计过程，提出了影像空间和目标空间之间的相互关系；对辐射的考虑比以前起了更重要的作用。数字摄影测量     

露天矿测量

1露天矿测量的特点和基本要求在我国采用露天开来的方式开采有用矿物和建筑材料占有重要的地位,特别是黑色冶金矿山的矿石总产量中约有叨％来自露天矿山。在露天矿山的建设和生产过程中需要进行一系列的测量工作,统称为露天矿测量。在露天矿测量中所运用的基本测量原理、技术方法和仪器设备与地面测量类似。但由于露天矿山本身的条件和生产的特性,使露天矿测量具有下列特点：（显）露天矿测量的主要对象是采矿场,它包括许多采剥台阶和各种工程,它们随着采矿工作的进展而经常变化着;（2）在测量条件方面,由于露天采场高差大、灰尘大、…     

基于参考站的GPS单点观测在城市及工程测量中的应用探讨

本文对基于连续运行参考站(跟踪站)的高精度GPS单点观测模式及其特点进行了简要的介绍，并对该方法用于城市及工程测量的可行性进行了分析和探讨。最后通过生产实例，展示了该方法在城市及工程GPS测量应用中所具有的一些优点。     

小浪底工程的测量监理实践

黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程采用国际招标建设，工程建设全面推行业主负责制、招标投标制、建设监理制，工程建设管理全方位与国际接轨。通过小浪底工程测量监理的实践，阐述了在FIDIC合同条件下的测量监理的主要任务、监理方法，总结了采用的测量新技术。     

用装在全站仪上的数字相机进行城区测量

管理者和设计得对三维目标模型的需求日益增加,尤其是在建筑环境下,装在一台全站仪上的数字相机能够准确地获取建筑物的立面和近似立面。本文作者设计出了一个视经纬仪模型,并指出了将来需要研究的问题。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE WORK OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY OF THE IRISH FREE STATE

Abstract

Up to 31st March 1922, the work in Ireland with regard to the revision and supply of Ordnance Survey Maps was governed by similar rules to those existing at the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain. No changes were made in the Irish Free State until the revision of Co. Waterford was completed on the 25-inch scale in 1923. It was then decided to depart from the usual procedure of taking up the work of the revision of Counties according to a cycle of years, and to revise those particular portions of the country in which extensive alterations had been carried out by reason of the division of properties by the Congested Districts Board and the Irish Land Commission. Accordingly, those portions of Counties Galway, Mayo and Roscommon which had undergone the greatest development were taken up for revision. In all eighty-nine sheets were specially revised and completed by 1928.     

地壳形变干扰因素有效性的判别

建立地壳形变模型时需要考虑外界因素的影响，为此必须判断外界干扰因素显著性，常用的经典方差分析判别法要求干扰因素之间是相互独立的，而实际上干扰因素之间经常产苤满足这一条件，本文提出基于加权最小二乘准则下的方差分析理论，它容许干扰因素之间互相相关，从理论上较好地解决这一问题，文中导出和论证了相应的公式，并以实例讨论了它的应用。     

国外遥感技术在烃类微渗漏探测中的应用简介

油气藏中的挥发组份通过上覆地层微裂隙渗漏到地表,形成烃类物质地球化学异常晕。遥感作为一门新技术,已有效地应用到地表油气微渗漏异常的探测。本文主要介绍国外在因烃类微渗漏而造成的油气田地表土壤变化、岩石蚀变和地植物异常等方面的研究现状,以及国外在探索其形成机制方面的进展,并介绍国外石油遥感专家利用各种遥感手段进行烃类微渗漏探测的有效方法,望能达到推动我国石油遥感研究进一步深入与发展的目的。