新型土钉墙技术、类型及工程应用实例

新型土钉墙是在传统土钉墙的基础上和工程实践中发展起来的,其具体表现形式为止水型土钉墙、加强型土钉墙及打入钢管注浆型土钉墙.实践证明,这种新型的土钉墙可满足不同工程的需要,显示出了它强大的生命力,必将得到全面推广应用.     

土钉墙的作用原理及应用

简要介绍了利用土钉墙技术加固边坡的作用原理、土钉墙的应用现状和存在的问题.列举了土钉墙在应用中具有的优点(1)工程造价低;(2)能有效抑制应力释放和膨胀变形;(3)场地适应能力强;(4)施工机具轻便,噪音小.     

土钉墙模型试验研究

通过土钉墙模型试验 ,研究了土钉在黄土中的变形情况、土钉加固黄土类深基坑的作用机理及土钉的应力分布规律 ,最后对试验的不足进行了分析。     

土质边坡支护工程中几种特殊情况的处理

因工程建设需要,常使某些复杂地层形成边坡.松散人工填土、砂卵石层、流砂层、淤泥层等和水害,是土质边坡支护的重点,处理不当,将导致边坡坍塌,酿成灾害性后果.土钉、锚杆是土质边坡支护工程中的有效方法,支护过程中先施工注浆土钉、后施工注浆锚杆;借用千斤顶压入钢管土钉、二次注浆等工艺措施,达到快速稳定边坡之目的.治理水害,应先查清水源,再根据具体情况分别采取堵、排、挡、滤、抽等方法,以达到永久性边坡治水的目的.支护工程中,应把握好设计、监测等环节,遇到特殊情况及时处理,避免灾难性事故发生.     

管式土钉支护技术在软土地基基坑支护中的应用

土钉支护技术自1970年代产生以来，至今不过二十几年的历史．它是用于土体开挖和边坡稳定的一种新的挡土技术．由于其经济、可靠、施工便捷等明显的优势．在边坡工程、基坑工程中得到广泛的应用：但《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ120-99）33．1有明确规定：土钉支护不适宜在软土场地进行施工。究竟软土层中进行土钉支护效果如何．下面以一个工程实例进行简述。     

高陡土坡喷锚(土钉墙)支护施工技术

通过长沙电力学院西区永久性锚拉挡墙施工实例,介绍喷锚(土钉墙)的施工方法,质量控制关键点等施工技术.     

东台市广电中心大楼基坑土钉墙的设计

东台市建筑基坑支护大多采用悬臂式支护、深搅止水方案,均不同程度地出现质量问题.在东台广电中心大楼基坑支护中,首次采用土钉墙支护、深搅止水方案,较好地解决了施工噪音、环境污染等问题,且具有工期短、造价低的特点,值得在当地予以推广.     

基坑土钉墙支护施工与监测——陕西省人民医院门急诊医技大楼

本文介绍了土钉墙在陕西省人民医院门急诊医技大楼基坑支护中的应用,简述了工程设计方法,总结了施工经验,并对基坑支护体系变形观测结果进行了分析     

桩板挡墙与土钉墙在道路边坡设计中的应用

悬臂式桩板挡墙与土钉墙都是新式的支挡结构，它们都可采用从上而下的施工顺序，可解决在市政道路工程中常遇到的边坡与房屋等建筑相距近且高差大、道路边坡支护施工场地狭窄、大面积开挖困难等问题。本文以一个道路改建工程支挡设计、施工为实例，简述悬臂式桩板挡墙与土钉墙支挡结构在市政道路工程边坡支护的综合应用。     

深基坑双层土体空间效应分析

随着城市的不断发展,基坑开始由传统的二维模式向三维空间转变。该文借助于坑壁土体的三维破坏模式,推导出双层土体的破坏模型,在此模型基础上基于土体塑性上限理论及极限平衡分析理论,提出了考虑空间效应的土压力计算公式以及相应的空间效应影响系数。该计算公式可用于基坑土钉墙、护坡桩、地下连续墙等支护系统的设计。     

Seasonal biochemical changes in composition of body wall tissues of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Seasonal variation in proximate,amino acid and fatty acid composition of the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was evaluated.The proximate composition,except for ash content,changed significantly among seasons(P,0.05).Alanine,glycine,glutamic acid and asparagic acid were the most abundant amino acids.Total amino acid and essential amino acid contents both varied clearly with seasons(P,0.05).16:0 and 16:1n7 were the primary saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) respect...     

穿墙雷达中的多目标探测研究

分析了使用超宽带信号进行穿墙目标探测的基本原理。针对电磁波在不同介质中传播速率不同以及墙体折射造成的雷达回波信号时延出现误差的问题,提出了时延估计的搜索算法并以此建立了接收和处理目标回波的系统模型。通过估计房间内不同位置的时延信息来建立时延信号矩阵,并根据宽带信号相关处理技术,完成对墙体后多个目标的探测。仿真实验表明,该方法简单有效。     

Hydrodynamic conditions in front of a vertical wall with an overhanging horizontal cantilever slab

Transforming wave heights from offshore to the shoreline is the first step of any coastal engineering work. Wave breaking is analyzed to understand hydrodynamic conditions. For vertical breakwaters and sea walls, wave reflection is an important process that affects the determination of the wave height. Many of the design formulas presented in the literature depend on empirical studies based on the structures tested. In this study, the hydrodynamic conditions in front of a vertical wall with an overhanging horizontal cantilever slab with a foreshore slope of 1/20 are determined experimentally under regular wave conditions to assess the applicability of the formulas of Goda (2000) for predicting the nearshore wave height and breaker index equation (Goda, 2010). The selection of wave measurements used to determine the design wave height, the reflection coefficients, and wave breaking is also analyzed, and the reflection equations are derived from the dataset covering different breaker types. Small-scale tests show that the incident wave height is a good representative of the design wave height and that the values predicted by Goda are in good agreement with actual measurements. However, the predicted H_max values are overestimated. In addition, the inception of the wave breaking point is postponed because of the reflection and/or turbulence left over from preceding waves, which is an effect of the vertical wall. At higher water levels, the effect of the vertical wall on the inception point becomes more significant.     

Study on the performance of the micropile-mechanically stabilized earth wall

The Micropile-Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall, specially designed for mountain roads, is proposed to improve the MSE wall local stability, global stability and impact resistance of roadside barriers. Model tests and the corresponding numerical modeling were conducted to validate the serviceability of the Micropile-MSE wall and the reliability of the numerical method. Then, a parametric study of the stress and deformation of Micropile-MSE wall based on the backfill strength and interfacial friction angle between backfill and backslope is conducted to evaluate its performance. The test results indicate that the surcharge-induced horizontal earth pressure, base pressure and lateral displacement of the wall panel of Micropile-MSE wall decrease. The corresponding numerical results are nearly equal to the measured values. The basic failure mode of MSE wall in steep terrain is the sliding of backfill along the backslope, while A-frame style micropiles are capable of preventing the sliding trend. The maximum resultant displacement can be decreased by 6.25% to 46.9% based on different interfacial friction angles, and the displacement can be reduced by 6% ~ 56.1% based on different backfill strengths. Furthermore, the reduction increases when the interfacial friction angle and internal friction angle of backfill decrease. In addition, the lateral displacement of wall panel, the deformation of backfill decrease and the tension strain of geogrid obviously, which guarantees the MSE wall functions and provides good conditions for mountain roads.     

Settlement patterns of mountainous half-filled and half-cut widened subgrade with retaining wall

The settlement of widened highway subgrade in mountainous area is not only affected by the interaction between new and existing subgrade, but also seriously restricted by the external retaining wall. Based on the practical engineering of half-filled and half-cut widened mountainous highway subgrade with external balance weight retaining wall(BWRW), a sophisticated finite element numerical model is established. The evolution law of subgrade settlement is revealed during the whole process of new subgrade filling and BWRW inclination after construction. The settlement component of subgrade is clarified considering whether the existing pavement continues to be used. The results show that the additional settlement caused by the BWRW inclination after construction cannot be ignored in the widening and reconstruction of mountainous highway subgrade. In addition, pursuant to the comprehensive design of subgrade and pavement, the component of subgrade settlement should be determined according to whether the existing pavement continues to be used, while considering the influence of BWRW inclination after construction. When the existing pavement continues to be used, the settlement of the existing subgrade is caused by the new subgrade filling and the BWRW inclination after construction. On the contrary, the settlement is only caused by the BWRW inclination after construction.     

Slope stability FEM analysis and retaining wall design：a case study of clinker in Benxi of Liaoning

Stability is always the most important problem after high slope was excavated. The study analyzed the stress and strain inside the slope by Finite Element Method （FEM） and carried through stress distribution and failure zone, then analyzed the stability of the slope using three different methods and came to the conclusion that it is in unstable condition, so the designed retaining wall was put forward which makes the slope stable.     

Influence of the characteristics of fault gouge on the stability of a borehole wall

How to find more effective way to stabilize the borehole wall in the fault gouge section is the key technical challenge to control the stability of the borehole wall in the Wenchuan fault gouge section during the process of core drilling.Here we try to describe the characters of deep fault gouge in fracture zones from the undisturbed fault gouge samples which are obtained during the core drilling.The XRay Diffraction(XRD),X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) provided the detailed information of the fault gouge's microscopic characteristics on the density,moisture content,expansibility,dispersity,permeability,tensile strength and other main physical-mechanical properties.Based on these systematic experimental studies above and analysis of the fault gouge instability mechanism,a new technical procedure to stabilize the borehole wall is proposed — a low water and a low loss low permeability drilling fluid system that consists of 4% clay + 0.5% CMC-HV + 2% S-1 + 3%sulfonated asphalt + 1% SMC + 0.5% X-1 + 0.5% T type lubricant + barite for core drilling in fault gouge sections.     

Slope stability FEM analysis and retaining wall design: a case study of clinker in Benxi of Liaoning

Stability is always the most important problem after high slope was excavated. The study analyzed the stress and strain inside the slope by Finite Element Method (FEM) and carried through stress distribution and failure zone, then analyzed the stability of the slope using three different methods and came to the conclusion that it is in unstable condition, so the designed retaining wall was put forward which makes the slope stable.     

Active earth pressure acting on retaining wall considering anisotropic seepage effect

This paper presents a general solution for active earth pressure acting on a vertical retaining wall with a drainage system along the soil-structure interface. The backfill has a horizontal surface and is composed of cohesionless and fully saturated sand with anisotropic permeability along the vertical and horizontal directions. The extremely unfavourable seepage flow on the back of the retaining wall due to heavy rainfall or other causes will dramatically increase the active earth pressure acting on the retaining walls, increasing the probability of instability. In this paper, an analytical solution to the Laplace differential governing equation is presented for seepage problems considering anisotropic permeability based on Fourier series expansion method. A good correlation is observed between this and the seepage forces along a planar surface generated via finite element analysis. The active earth pressure is calculated using Coulomb’s earth pressure theory based on the calculated pore water pressures. The obtained solutions can be degenerated into Coulomb’s formula when no seepage exists in the backfill. A parametric study on the influence of the degree of anisotropy in seepage flow on the distribution of active earth pressure behind the wall is conducted by varying ratios of permeability coefficients in the vertical and horizontal directions, showing that anisotropic seepage flow has a prominent impact on active earth pressure distribution. Other factors such as effective internal friction angle of soils and soil/wall friction conditions are also considered.