川西反S形构造岩浆带北段侵入岩岩石构造组合序列的划分

通过对川西1∶25万甘孜县幅内侵入岩的填图和详细研究，划分出印支期和燕山期两个完整的侵入岩序列，并依据各时期侵入岩的岩石特征、岩石成因和岩浆源区分析，结合岩体的构造特征及侵位机制研究，总结了本区松潘－甘孜造山带的各动力学演化阶段及其不同侵入岩岩石构造组合的特点。从侵入岩研究的角度，首次提出本区造山带经历了燕山期陆内造山作用过程，属多旋回复合造山。     

北秦岭富水基性杂岩体岩石谱系单位划分及演化

北秦岭富水基性要岩体位于商丹断裂带北侧，为新元古代深成岩岩体。通过１：５万地质填图将该杂岩体划分为５个岩石谱系单位：金盆中细粒石岩单元、黑潭沟细粒暗色变辉长岩单元、马槽沟中粒变辉长岩单元、丁家沟中粒变辉长闪长岩单元和八里湾变角闪石黑云母二长岩、正长岩单元，合并为一个序列－－富水序列。依据接触关系、包括特征确定了其侵入序次，构成了比较完整的岩浆演化序列，在岩石矿物组成、岩体成分、微量元素有稀土元素组     

鹅湖岩体岩石谱系单位的建立及其就位机制分析

鹅湖岩体为S型花岗岩 ,具有结构和成分演化序列。运用岩石结构序列法 ,将其划分为 5个单元 ,归并为 1个超单元。按侵入体空间展布形式、岩体地质学、岩石学、构造等资料 ,探讨了岩体就位机制     

西藏申错侵入岩序列的地质及地球化学特征

申错侵入岩为一套中性一酸性侵入岩的岩石组合,形成时代为早白垩世,具有钙碱性岩的基本岩石化学特征和演化趋势。应用非正式的填图单位,可以划分为5个单元,归并为1个序列。最大的单元为丁空巴单元,岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。序列内部相邻单元之间为涌动或脉动接触关系,序列与中生代火山碎屑岩、沉积岩之间为侵入接触关系。根据岩石化学与同位素资料分析,早期单元形成于火山弧环境,晚期单元形成于同碰撞环境。     

江西玉华山高位复式深成杂岩体岩石谱系单位划分及定位机制分析

玉华山岩体是一个高位复式深成杂岩体，具成分和结构演化序列。根据同源岩浆演化的观点、岩石谱系单位的划分方法，将该杂岩体划分为窑里超单元、蜜蜂街超单元、玉华山超单元和桃溪独立单元，并通过对其组构、变形、空间展布和区域构造特征的分析，提出其定位的隐爆拓宽机制、岩墙扩张机制及火山口塌陷机制。     

内蒙古中部深成侵入岩谱系单位及构造岩浆活动初探：以苏尼特左旗等…

内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区大面积出露各地质时代的深成侵入体，它们的详细划分和归并并探计整个内蒙古中部地区的地质发展中具有重要的意义。本文在简单描述各种侵入岩的地质特征、岩石化学特征和稀土元素地球化学特征的基础上，将它们归并为６个超单元和３个独立侵入体，并进一步探讨了它们的演化特征和形成环境。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗侵入岩谱系单位划分及岩浆演化特征

内蒙古苏尼特左旗南部地区岩浆活动强烈,古生代的深成侵入体大面积出露,大小岩体５２个,面积约２３９ｋｍ２。根据岩石谱系单位的划分原则及矿物成分和结构构造特征,划分为１２个单元,归并为３个超单元。在对区内花岗岩的地质特征、岩石化学特征和稀土元素地球化学特征研究基础上,探讨了它们的演化和形成环境     

河南省侵入岩构造单元的划分及其特征

河南省岩浆活动显示多期活动的特征,侵入岩较发育,占全省基岩出露面积的23.5%以上,岩石类型齐全,与其有成生联系的矿产资源丰富。文章参考潜力评价全国构造侵入岩带的总体划分方案,结合河南省岩浆岩分布特征、岩石类型、岩石组合及岩浆岩的演化规律,划分出2个构造侵入岩省、5个构造侵入岩带、12个构造侵入岩亚带、进一步划分出22个构造侵入岩段,并对其基本特征及与成矿关系进行总结。     

北秦岭富水基性杂岩体岩石谱系单位划分及演化

北秦岭富水基性杂岩体位于商丹断裂带北侧，为新元古代深成杂岩体。通过１∶５万地质填图将该杂岩体划分为５个岩石谱系单位：金盆中细粒变辉石岩单元、黑潭沟细粒暗色变辉长岩单元、马槽沟中粒变辉长岩单元、丁家沟中粒变辉长闪长岩单元和八里湾变角闪石黑云母二长岩、正长岩单元，合并为一个序列———富水序列。依据接触关系、包体特征确定了其侵入序次，构成了比较完整的岩浆演化序列，在岩石矿物组成、岩石化学成分、微量元素及稀土元素组成上具有明显的同源岩浆演化特征，形成于北秦岭新元古代活动大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境。     

北秦岭太白岩体岩石谱系单位划分及侵位时代确定

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹柳构造带北侧,为不同时代表成的复式深成岩体。通过１：５万区域地质填图将该岩体共划分７个岩石谱系单位,厘定为２个超单元,即北部的五里峡超单元和南部的红岸河单元,依据同位素测年结果和超单元间相互关系,确定五里峡超单元主体侵位时代为志留纪,红崖河超单元侵位时代为三叠纪,从岩体周边到中心,从北到南,侵位时代从早到晚,显示半环带状侧向推挤移侵位形式,岩石地球化学资料研究证明,五里峡超单元形成于活动陆缘火山弧构造环境,岩浆源于中上地壳,红岩河超单元形成于同碰撞构造环境,岩浆源于中下地壳。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.