望云山复式花岗岩体磁性组构特征及其动力学意义

为了分析望云山复式花岗岩体侵位时的动力学状态，对该岩体进行了岩石磁组构参数测定，磁化率的变化特征反映了望云山得式岩体侵位过程中构造环境的变化和单元岩石的暗色矿物组成及其性程度的高低；磁面理的产状与岩体形态和岩石单元分布相吻合，清晰地反映了不同构造单元岩浆侵位方式；磁线理指示岩体的侵位中心，线理表现形式不一，标示侵位方式与受构造应力的不同；晚期岩浆对早期岩浆中的磁线理有一定的改造作用，磁线理方向基本上反映了岩浆原始流动状态；从磁化率椭球参数可以看出岩浆侵位的应变状态；岩浆应力场分布体现了岩浆侵位方式及其所处构造环境，岩体岩石磁组构参数佐证了区域构造,围岩构造及岩体内部其他构造所反映的岩体侵位机制。     

北秦岭太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹构造带北侧。野外侵入关系和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,该岩体由早志留世的五里峡岩体、晚三叠世的红崖河岩体和早白垩世的下板寺岩体组成。五里峡岩体的主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（431±2） Ma;红崖河岩体的主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（214±2） Ma;下板寺岩体为粗粒黑云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（130±1） Ma,表明太白岩体是由3个不同时代岩体组成的侵入复合杂岩体。结合区域构造背景和前人的研究成果,得出早志留世五里峡岩体可能与秦岭微板块沿商丹缝合带俯冲碰撞有关;晚三叠世红崖河岩体与秦岭早中生代主期岩浆作用一致,是华北地块与扬子地块碰撞的产物;燕山期的下板寺花岗岩属于板内岩浆作用。研究显示,今后应注意大岩体的解体,其可能隐含着不可忽视的构造-岩浆作用信息。     

北秦岭太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹构造带北侧。野外侵入关系和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,该岩体由早志留世的五里峡岩体、晚三叠世的红崖河岩体和早白垩世的下板寺岩体组成。五里峡岩体的主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(431±2)Ma;红崖河岩体的主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石UPb年龄为(214±2)Ma;下板寺岩体为粗粒黑云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为(130±1)Ma,表明太白岩体是由3个不同时代岩体组成的侵入复合杂岩体。结合区域构造背景和前人的研究成果,得出早志留世五里峡岩体可能与秦岭微板块沿商丹缝合带俯冲碰撞有关;晚三叠世红崖河岩体与秦岭早中生代主期岩浆作用一致,是华北地块与扬子地块碰撞的产物;燕山期的下板寺花岗岩属于板内岩浆作用。研究显示,今后应注意大岩体的解体,其可能隐含着不可忽视的构造-岩浆作用信息。     

小秦岭加里东期侵入岩地质特征及侵位机制

小秦岭加里东期侵入岩的全岩Rb－Sr等时线年龄值为503Ma。岩石类型为（变）辉名正长岩,依据岩石结构特征划分为两个单元,归并为东吉口超单元。其岩浆源于上地慢部分港融岩浆分异的产物,属同造山期侵入岩。依据岩体构造分析,确定为强力（主动）侵位机制。     

四川米仓山地区晋宁期基性超基性岩地球化学性质及其成因研究

米仓山西段南缘前震旦系结晶基底中多处产有小规模的晋宁期基性超基性岩体。这些岩体具层状侵入岩特点，有密切的同源演化关系。按岩石谱系单位等级体制划分原则，我们将其归为正源超单元，由四个单元组成。通过对其岩石化学、微量元素地球化学性质的研究，认为原始岩浆属拉斑玄武岩浆，源于地幔物质２９％的部分熔融；岩浆经深部岩浆房初步分异后多次脉动侵位，并再经原地结晶分异堆积形成韵律层状构造。成岩温度９２５℃～１２０４℃，岩体就位深度１８～２４ｋｍ；岩浆演化方向主要趋向于富铁，ＳｉＯ２的富集不明显，这种演化特点与低氧逸度条件下的还原环境有关。     

小秦岭小河岩体岩石谱系单位划分及其定位机制

小河岩体是一个“I”型高位深成岩体。采用岩石谱系单位的划分原则,依结构演化序列将小河岩体划分为甘沟、后沟两个单元,归并为小河超单元。通过对岩体构造、包体、空间位态和区域构造特征等分析,提出小河岩体为顺基底拆离断层经基性岩墙拓宽通道—被动上侵顶蚀—类岩墙扩张式就位的复合定位机制。中条期伸展构造为岩浆生成、侵位提供了热动力及潜在空间。     

苗儿山花岗岩体单元—超单元特征及其定位机制

根据苗儿山花岗岩体单元－超单元新理论将苗儿岩体划分为13个单元，归并为两个超单元，两个独立单元。不同单元、超单元的性质特征揭示了不同构造期古老岩石重熔的岩浆，沿北东向基底断裂上侵在隆起核部冷凝成岩的演化规律。雪峰期形成猫儿界单元线浅成相裂隙喷溢型火山岩；加里东期以NE向基底断裂的中心式扩展定位形成中深成相黄金超单元主体，自中心往外，岩体由新至老分布；印支－燕山期延续 了加里东期岩浆活动特征；因环状裂隙影响，印支期光旺岭单元侵入体总体呈NE向展布，且以加里东期岩浆侵位中心呈半环状排列；燕山期八角亭超单元3个NE向带，是岩浆呈岩墙式扩张定位的具体表现。     

能量地球化学在花岗岩岩石谱系单位建立中的初步应用

岩浆的侵位和演化过程不仅仅表现为物质上的演化趋势 ,而且也是能量的释放和转移过程。以海洋山花岗岩体为例 ,通过对岩体岩石能量的计算 ,初步探讨了岩石能量地球化学在花岗岩体岩石谱系单位建立中的应用 ,并通过圆石山岩体和栗木岩体对该方法进行了验证。在同源岩浆演化的条件下 ,无论岩石结构是由粗粒到细粒或者是由细粒到粗粒演化 ,岩石的能量从早期侵位单元到晚期侵位单元是逐渐增大的。     

能量地球化学在花岗岩岩石谱第单位建立中的初步应用

岩浆的最侵位和演化过程不仅仅表现为物质上的演化趋势,而且也是能量的释放和转移过程。以海洋山花岩体为例,通过对岩体岩石能量的计算,初步探讨了岩石能量地球化学在花风岩体岩石谱系单建立中的应用,并通过圆石山岩体和栗木岩体对该方法进行了验证,在同源岩定化的条件下,无论岩石结构是由粗粒到细粒或者是由细粒到粗粒演化,岩石的能量从早期侵位单元到晚期侵位单元是逐渐增大的。     

白马尖超单元组合特征及其成因机制

经详细填图，将白马尖复式杂岩体解体出９１个侵入体，归并６个单元，３个超单元，它们均属燕山期产物，物源于壳幔混合岩浆。岩石由花岗闪长岩二长花岗岩钾长花岗岩方向演化，岩浆活动由弱强弱，一幕一幕向上推进，呈向北东迁移趋势。区域构造活动和岩浆自身演化的双重因素制约了白马尖超单元组合。     

Stress deformation properties of rock and rock discontinuities

The results of an extensive literature survey on the stress deformation properties of rock materials and rock discontinuities are summarized. The results show that: (1) for rock tested under uniaxial conditions, the range of modulus is from about 1 to 100 GN/m², and the Poisson's ratio range is from 0.02 to 0.73 (0.46 if dilatant values are excluded) with an average value of 0.20; (2) for rock tested under triaxial conditions, the effects of nonlinearity and stress-dependency of the rock modulus are minor with hard, crystalline or homogeneous rock of low porosity, but are significant in porous, clastic or closely jointed rock; (3) anisotropy of the rock modulus is demonstrated mainly by variations in the modulus number or initial stiffness, while the nonlinearity and stress-dependency parameters are fairly constant with sample orientation; (4) nonlinearity and stress-dependency of the rock Poisson's ratio may be significant depending upon the magnitude of stress changes imposed, with the nonlinearity being more significant; and (5) limited data on rock discontinuities indicate that nonlinearity and stress-dependency effects may be quite large.     

岩石风化与岩石化学成分的变化研究

研究岩石风化过程中岩石化学成分的变化规律,对于进一步研究岩石的风化机理以及岩石的物理力学性质变化过程有着十分重要的意义.本文通过对湘西地区陡山沱组黑色岩石不同风化程度的化学成分分析研究表明,岩石中的化学成分将随风化的进行而不断发生变化,在一定程度上反映了陡山沱组黑色岩石风化过程中其化学成分的变化趋势.     

岩体基本参数对岩质边坡变形的影响

文章利用有限差分程序FLAC,定量化讨论了边坡岩体(软岩)的变形模量、泊松比、密度、粘聚力、内摩擦角、边坡高度等参数对软岩边坡变形的影响。研究表明,边坡位移随变形模量E的增大而减小;泊松比μ的增加,则会引起x方向的位移的增加,y方向的位移减小;而岩体密度对岩石边坡位移的影响甚弱。边坡岩体的粘聚力c对边坡变形的影响程度与岩体的其他参数间存在很大关系。内摩擦角对边坡位移的影响大小,则取决于粘聚力c的取值。此外,随着边坡高度的增加边坡变形则会随之增加。其中x方向位移变化对边坡高度的变化更为敏感;同样,在边坡岩体其他参数不变的情况下,边坡倾角越大,边坡变形也越大。     

大望海寨岩体岩石化学特征及岩石类型划分

大望海寨岩体位于营口—宽甸台拱与下辽河断陷连接带的东侧,侵位于燕山旋回晚期,其岩石地球化学特征与钙碱性花岗岩十分相似,通过花岗岩类自然矿物岩石化学换算法证明其应归于二长花岗岩类,其主要岩石类型应为斑状含黑云二长花岗岩和淡色二长花岗岩。其成岩物质主要由上地幔衍生出的岩浆与下地壳部分熔融所产生的岩浆同熔而成。成因类型属I型同熔花岗岩类。     

Evolution of sedimentary rock formation of a rock association level

The evolution of sedimentary rock formation of a highly organized level (paragenetic rock associations) is more complex than that of a poorly organized level (rocks). Subjacent rock associations are established for the entire geological evolution of the Earth: they varied in time and were obsolescent or, in contrast, nascent and momentary. A certain cyclicity of evolution is identified along with directed changes.     

PDC破岩条件下的岩石研磨性评价

岩石的研磨性是钻井过程中钻头的磨损预测及优化的重要因素。为了预测钻遇地层岩石的研磨性,建立了钻井过程中PDC复合片的磨损计算模型,从而得到了岩石研磨性的预测方法。首先,通过复合片与地层之间的受力分析并结合岩石的破碎条件,建立了不同钻压条件下地层对复合片的作用力计算模型。根据石英含量的概率密度分布情况,获得了岩石中参与磨损的颗粒与复合片底部的真实作用力。然后,根据PDC复合片磨损的几何原理,建立了地层对钻头复合片的磨损计算模型。通过室内实验对模型进行修正,分析了岩石各种属性对复合片磨损的影响规律,揭示了各参数影响复合片磨损的主次顺序依次为：弹性模量>石英含量>内摩擦角>表面粗糙度>泊松比>内聚力。基于该磨损模型建立了岩石研磨性评价指标,对制定了岩石研磨性的分级标准具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Temperature effect of rock burst for hard rock in deep-buried tunnel

Much research has been conducted on the influence of rock burst mechanisms and temperature on the mechanical properties of hard rock while research on the effect of temperature on rock bursts is scarce. Therefore, this paper focuses on Rock Burst Proneness Index tests and acoustic emission (AE) tests under the action of high temperature. It was found that the Rock Burst Proneness Index and the AE energy will rise as the temperature rises. It means that the degree of rock burst is increasing instead of decreasing with rising temperature. The research results revealed the temperature effect of rock burst in long deep tunnels under a certain thermal stress condition, which is helpful for explaining the rock burst disaster in tunnels at high ground temperature.     

Numerical model for rock bolts with consideration of rock joint movements

Summary The stability of any underground structure during and after excavation is the most important question for designers, because any kind of collapse may destroy large parts of a finished tunnel, causing major repairs and time loss. Preliminary calculations are therefore of great importance. A calculation is only useful, however, when the underlying numerical model correctly describes natural behaviour. The rock bolts used in tunnel excavations are mostly untensioned grouted bolts, and this type of bolt is the main focus of this work. From the model of the grouted bolt, other types of rock bolts can also be modelled by the theory presented herein. Bolt behaviour in intact rock mass is so different from behaviour when a bolt intersects a joint, that a model with two different elements is suggested for a numerical calculation; one element for the bolt in the rock mass and one as a bolt intersecting with a joint.The model for both elements is verified by the experimental results. The numerical results correspond favourably with the experimental work. A variation of the parameters important for the behaviour of the bolt in intersection with the joint is shown. As an implementation of the bolt model, the numerical simulation of excavation and stabilisation of one road tunnel is presented.     

Shear resistance of jointed rock masses and stability calculation of rock slopes

Summary Based on an extension to a model originally proposed by Zhang (1990), a method for estimating the shear strength of a jointed rock mass containing two joint sets is developed. Compared to the original method in which only a single en-echelon joint set was considered, the new method has the following advantages: (1) it allows a much more realistic joint pattern to be incorporated; (2) the effects of joint connectivity and intersection angle between joint sets on shear strength are included. Use of the new method is demonstrated by application to the calculation of the stability of slopes in jointed rock. The importance of joint connectivity, joint persistence and joint set intersection angle on slope stability, as predicted by the model, is revealed.