浦北铅锌矿深部找矿研究

采用瞬变电磁法,自然电场法和吸附相态汞来探测与矿不关的低电阻体以及断裂构造的分布,再利用地电化学提取和土壤离了电导率来确定其含矿性,从而寻找深部矿体,在浦燕铅镜矿取得了明显的找矿效果。     

内蒙古赛乌素金矿床地球化学异常模式及地球化学找矿标志

赛乌素金矿区及其外围。出露大小石英脉200余条,而现在开采的多是规模较大,地表已达工业品位的含金石英脉。而对其余许多含金石英脉的深部含矿性没有控制,有待进一步评价。为此我们两个单位进行协作,在该区进行了系统的原生晕地球化学探矿工作,并取得了一些效果。 本文从地球化学角度,通过研究内蒙古赛乌素金矿床地球化学异常模式,总结出了预测盲矿和评价石英脉深部含矿性的地球化学标志,并对一些待评价石英脉进行了深部含矿性评价和预测,提出了5条有成矿远景的含金石英脉,为进一步在该区及其外围找矿,扩大矿区储量提供了地球化学依据。     

万山汞矿南区矿床地质特征、控矿规律及找矿模式

万山汞矿南区,系万山汞矿区南延部分,南区汞矿均系隐伏矿床。通过对南区汞矿的找矿勘查,综合分析其地质特征和控矿规律,总结出找矿有利地段:有利含矿层+有利构造部位+有利岩相部位+钻探大剖面+钻孔控制。根据这一找矿模式,在南区找矿取得重大突破,陆续找到了杨木桥、小客寨等深部盲矿,对寻找深部隐伏矿体具有指导意义。     

金矿床深部预测方法

随着地表矿、浅部矿和易识别矿的日趋减少,寻找深部隐伏矿体,开展矿床的深部预测评价工作显得日趋重要。本文结合笔者近几年的科研实践,以冀西北水晶屯金矿为例,系统地介绍了GM模型在金矿床深部含矿性评价中的应用,认为GM模型在预测评价中所得结论是可靠的。     

金矿床中汞化合物的分布特征

文章介绍了岩、矿石中汞化合物的测试技术.根据金矿床中汞化合物的分布、分配特征开展了盲矿预测,取得了较好的效果.讨论了汞化合物与金矿成矿作用的关系.     

壤中吸附相态汞测量方法及其找矿效果

近几年来,为解决厚层覆盖区常规化探找矿效果不佳的问题,我们试验研究了壤中汞气测量方法。虽然在各类覆盖区,壤中汞气测量取得较好的找矿效果,但因该方法干扰因素多,特别是易受气候因素的影响,结果导致分析误差大、重现性差,不同季节的测量结果难以对比评价等。通过对壤中汞气异常形成机理的研究,发现含矿断裂上的土壤比非含矿断裂上的土壤含有更多的Hg、HeCl和HgCl_2,並且土壤中这种迭加吸附相态汞异常,主要来源于隐伏矿体。这就为地球化学探矿提供了理论依据。     

壤中吸附相态汞测量方法及其找矿效果

近几年来,为解决厚层覆盖区常规化探找矿效果不佳的问题,我们试验研究了壤中汞气测量方法.虽然在各类覆盖区,壤中汞气测量取得了较好的找矿效果,但因该方法影响因素多,特别易受气候的影响,导致分析误差大、重现性差,不同季节的测量结果难以对比评价等.通过对壤中汞气异常形成机理的研究,发现含矿断裂上的土壤比非含矿断裂上的土壤含有更多的Hg~0、HgCl和HgCl_2;并且土壤中这种叠加吸附相态汞异常,主要来源于隐伏矿体,这就为地球化学探矿提供了理论依据. 本文侧重讨论壤中吸附相态汞的测量原理、工作方法、质量检验标准和找矿效果.     

山东焦家金矿床深部成矿预测与找矿效果对比

焦家金矿床是著名的构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床，通过物化探研究，对深部成矿远景进行预测并布置了钻探工程，大致查明了矿床深部破碎蚀变带地质特征及含矿性；基本探明了矿体的规模，形态，产状及赋存部位，矿石的类型和结构构造等特征，并合理地圈定了矿体，以深部原生晕建立了深部化探异常模式，指出了深部矿体矿头和近矿指示元素组合特点，从而为深部是否继续开展普查提供了依据。通过钻探工程验证，矿体及构造带的位置与物探结果比较吻合，说明本区物探方法寻找隐伏矿体有较好的效果。     

汞热释谱在寻找铀,金矿床中的应用

本文介绍了汞热释谱技术及在找铀矿、金矿中的应用。其主要内容是；成矿期石英的ＨｇＳ／ＨｇＣｌ２比值的Ｒ＞１，而矿前期石英Ｒ＜１；岩石的矛热释话通常为低温（＜２８０℃）普通峰，而矿石、矿物的汞热释谱则为中温（２８０—６００℃）、高温（６００—８００℃）特征峰；在矿床中汞化合物具有水平分带性：ＨｇＳ在内带，ＨｇＣｌ２在外带；成功地应用于对硅化带合矿性评价。     

陕西旬阳砂硐沟汞锑矿含矿构造特征及成矿物质来源探讨

陕西旬阳砂硐沟汞锑矿富集区汞锑含矿体受褶皱构造（背斜）和断裂构造的联合控制。通过对控（含）矿构造、富矿空间的构造次序以及结构面组合特征等的详细研究,对初步建立的"背斜+一刀"的成矿模式进行了完善。成矿流体、稀土分析等综合研究显示成矿物质可能来源于地壳深部。已有的勘查工程及找矿成果表明,本矿集区具有较大的找矿潜力。      

城市汞污染土壤中Hg的形态特征

介绍了我国13个城市及其周边地区汞污染土壤中汞的形态特征研究成果。通过对汞污染土壤化学分析、形态分析、热释汞研究、重矿物研究发现,我国城市汞污染土壤中HgS是Hg的主要存在形态,13城市汞污染土壤重矿物研究中辰砂的大量出现及其含量与分布特征也进一步佐证了这一结论。汞污染土壤中汞污染程度越高,HgS含量越高,辰砂出现几率越大,且含量越高。该成果对我国汞污染调查研究和汞污染土壤生态地球化学环境评价具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

天然铁锰氧化物及氢氧化物环境矿物学研究

带有表面电荷及含有变价元素的天然铁锰氧化物及氢氧化物具有良好的表面吸附与氧化还原等化学活性。在不同介质条件下 ,它们能不同程度地表现出对Cr6+,Pb2 +,Hg2 +,Cd2 +,As3 +,Cu2 +,Zn2 +,Co2 +,Ni2 +等重金属离子有吸附作用和对NO-3 ,PO3 -4 ,F-,S2 -等阴离子有吸附作用与氧化作用 ,并对苯酚、乙烷、乙烯、合成有机酸等有机物具有吸附和转化降解作用 ,还对CO2 ,NOx 和SO2 等具有分解转化作用。利用这些矿物的环境属性治理水体、土壤及大气污染的方法 ,具有成本低、效果好、无二次污染及有用金属可回收利用等优点 ,展现出广阔的环境矿物学研究与应用前景。     

湿地汞环境过程研究进展

汞在湿地生态系统中的环境过程是汞全球循环的组成部分,并与人类的健康有着密切关系。分析了湿地环境过程研究的重要意义,综述了国内外湿地汞环境过程研究的进展情况,包括在湿地汞来源、含量、赋存形态,迁移、转化、界面反应等方面。指出由于湿地独特的水文过程和环境条件,汞的累积、迁移与转化过程具有与其它生态系统不同的特点。湿地能吸收大气沉降和地表径流的汞,是汞的汇。汞在湿地生态系统中呈富集状态。湿地具有较高的汞累积速率和甲基汞生产能力,湿地的氧化-还原条件和丰富的有机碳有利于汞的甲基化。湿地甲基汞通过食物链的"生物放大",威胁人类的健康。全球气候变暖、酸雨和臭氧层耗竭可能增加湿地汞的生态环境风险。提出应开展湿地特定环境条件下汞的循环及其在汞全球循环中作用的研究,并关注湿地对全球环境变化的响应。     

水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As的空间变异性特征及相关影响因素探讨--以四川孝泉地区为例

以四川孝泉地区水稻土为研究对象,利用地质统计学方法,系统地研究了水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间分布特征和空间变异性特征,就可能的影响因素进行讨论并得出结果:1)孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Pb和As含量的空间自相关尺度分别为10.4km,3.8km和5.1km,且为中等程度相关;Cd在所研究的尺度上不表现明显的空间相关性。2)城镇生活、生产废弃物无序排放,铁路、公路运输,农业施肥、灌溉等因素对孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间变异性均有不同程度的影响。3)运用地质统计学方法处理多目标地球化学调查数据能有效地提取地球化学变量的空间结构信息并能在不同尺度上检验取样网度的合理性。     

Relationship between organic matter and mercury in recent lake sediment: The physical–geochemical aspects

This study addresses the physical geochemical aspects of the relationship between Hg and organic matter in recent sediment from eutrophic lakes in central Alberta, Canada. The types of organic matter in the sediment are classified based on their degree of thermal degradation and their petrographical characteristics. This study uniquely applies the methods conventionally used in petroleum geosciences (Rock-Eval^® analyses and organic petrology) to investigate the relationship between various types of organic matter and the concentration of Hg in sediment.The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment represents the sum of various organic compounds, which may play a completely different role in the distribution and accumulation of Hg. Strong correlations between TOC and the concentration of Hg in the studied sediment arise mainly from the thermally labile portion of organic matter released during pyrolysis under 300 °C. These compounds primarily consist of easily degradable algal-derived lipids and various pigments, which are petrographically described as soluble organic matter (SOM). The preserved SOM in sediment is commonly entrapped within the cell walls of phytoplankton and also appear as surface coating on sediment particles. The strong affinity between Hg and SOM is due not only to its chemical reactivity, but also to the physical characteristic of these labile compounds. The SOM may provide a substrate with enormous surface area by concentrating on the finer sediment size fractions and potentially acting as a “concentrator” for Hg and other organic-associated elements. Lastly, the quantity of the SOM has been calculated as an “elemental concentrator” portion of the TOC, which plays the most important role in the distribution of Hg in sediment.     

Application of the stable-isotope system to the study of sources and fate of Hg in the environment: A review

With the improvement of analytical methods and the development of multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP/MS), research on non-traditional stable isotope (Cu, Zn, Fe, Se, Mo, Cr, Hg) in geochemistry has made tremendous progress in the past decade. Recent studies have demonstrated that both organic and inorganic reactions may cause Hg isotope fractionation, and variations of Hg isotopic composition in the environment have been successfully employed to explain Hg pollution history, Hg sources and tracking Hg pathways in nature. Furthermore, Hg isotopic fractionation studies can be a powerful tool in the calibration of global Hg cycling models. Stable isotope geochemistry of Hg is therefore becoming a new frontier subject in earth sciences. Based on summarizing previous research, this paper outlines the main advances in the study of Hg stable isotopes with particular emphasis placed on a brief explanation of Hg isotope analytical techniques, possible Hg isotope fractionation mechanisms observed in both natural and experimental processes, Hg isotope composition variations in different environmental matrices, and the application prospects of the Hg stable isotopes in environmental geosciences.     

Spatial analysis and hazard assessment of mercury in soil around the coal-fired power plant: a case study from the city of Baoji, China

Based on systematic sampling of soil around the coal-fired power plant (CFPP), the content of Hg was determined, using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The result shows that the content of Hg in soil is different horizontally and vertically, ranges from 0.137 to 2.105 mg/kg (the average value is 0.606 mg/kg) and is more than the average content of Hg in Shaanxi, Chinese and world soil. In this study, spatial distribution and hazard assessment of mercury in soils around a CFPP were investigated using statistics, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Ordinary kriging was carried out to map the spatial patterns of mercury and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of the Hg concentration higher than the threshold. The maps show that the spatial variability of the Hg concentration in soils was apparent. These results of this study could provide valuable information for risk assessment of environmental Hg pollution and decision support. An erratum to this article can be found at     

城镇地区土壤中汞的累加量及其存在形式

以长春、南京的土壤汞异常和东营研究区的区域地球化学调查资料为例,采用元素相关关系法首先确定土壤中汞的基准值,在此基础上确定汞的累加量,取得了满意的结果。进一步的研究结果表明,汞的累加与土壤中出现的辰砂具有一定关系。     

陕西渭北聚煤区原煤的微量元素组成特征

对陕西省渭北主要煤田主采煤层中的As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Se、Cu、Sr、Ba、B等微量元素的分析结果表明：渭北原煤中Hg、Se、As、Pb、B含量明显高于地壳平均值，呈富集状态；Co、Cd与地壳平均值接近，Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba等元素均亏损。太原组和山西组由于成煤环境不同，煤质和原煤的微量元素组成特征存在一定的差异。太原组煤的友分和硫分均较山西组煤高，原煤中As、Hg、Se、Pb、Zn、B的合量明显高于山西组原煤，而山西组原煤中V、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ba的含量别明显高于大原组原煤。统计分析表明，As、Hg、Se、Pb、Cu等亲硫元素与铁呈显著的正相关关系，它们的赋存形式可能与煤中黄铁矿有关。     

Mercury speciation in tailings of the Idrija mercury mine

Five hundred years of mercury (Hg) mining activity in Idrija, Slovenia caused widespread Hg contamination. Besides Hg emissions from the ore smelter, tailings have been found to be the major source of river sediment contamination. In the present study, solid phase binding forms and the aqueous mobility of Hg have been investigated in tailings of the Idrija Hg mine by means of a pyrolysis technique and aqueous Hg speciation. Results show that Hg binding forms differ with the age of the tailings due to the processing of different ores with different roasting techniques. In older tailings, the predominant Hg species is cinnabar (HgS), due to incomplete roasting, whereas in tailings of the 20th century the amount of cinnabar in the material decreased due to a higher efficiency of the roasting process and the increasing use of ores bearing native Hg. In younger tailings, metallic Hg (Hg⁰) sorbed to mineral matrix components such as dolomite and Fe-oxyhydroxides became the predominant Hg binding form in addition to unbound Hg⁰ and traces of HgO. Leaching tests show that in younger tailings high amounts of soluble Hg exist in reactive form. In older tailings most of the soluble Hg occurs bound to soluble complexes. It might be assumed that in the long term, matrix-bound Hg⁰ could be bound to humic acids derived from soils covering the tailings. This means that, despite the lower total Hg concentrations found in the younger tailings, the long-term risk potential of its mobile matrix-bound Hg⁰ is higher than that of older tailings bearing mostly immobile cinnabar.