湿地汞环境过程研究进展

汞在湿地生态系统中的环境过程是汞全球循环的组成部分，并与人类的健康有着密切关系。分析了湿地环境过程研究的重要意义，综述了国内外湿地汞环境过程研究的进展情况，包括在湿地汞来源、含量、赋存形态，迁移、转化、界面反应等方面。指出由于湿地独特的水文过程和环境条件，汞的累积、迁移与转化过程具有与其它生态系统不同的特点。湿地能吸收大气沉降和地表径流的汞，是汞的汇。汞在湿地生态系统中呈富集状态。湿地具有较高的汞累积速率和甲基汞生产能力，湿地的氧化-还原条件和丰富的有机碳有利于汞的甲基化。湿地甲基汞通过食物链的"生物放大"，威胁人类的健康。全球气候变暖、酸雨和臭氧层耗竭可能增加湿地汞的生态环境风险。提出应开展湿地特定环境条件下汞的循环及其在汞全球循环中作用的研究，并关注湿地对全球环境变化的响应。

PROGRESS OF STUDY ON THE MERCURY PROCESS IN THE WETLAND ENVIRONMENT

The wetland behavior of mercury (Hg) ,which is related to human health closely, is  an important part of Hg global cycle. In this paper, we expounded the significance of studying Hg behavior in wetland environment, and reviewed progress of study on wetland process of Hg over the world, including occurance, contents, speciation, frasportation, transformation, methylation and demethylation, interface exchanges of Hg. Because the wetland is unique in the aspect of hydrology course and environmental condition, the accumulation and transform characteristics of Hg is different from the other ecosystems. The wetland can absorb Hg of atmospheric deposition and runoff, so it is the sink of Hg. Hg presents the accumulation state in the wetland ecosystem. Wetland has high Hg accumulation rate and methylation capacity. In wetland, redox condition and abundant organic carbon are favorable to methylation of Hg. Wetland methylmercury threatens the human health through food chain's bioaccumulation. The global warming, acid rain and exhaustion of ozone layer may increase the risk of ecological environment of the wetland Hg. It is emphasized that we should research Hg cycle in special conditions of wetland, and should investigate the role of wetland in Hg global cycle, as well as should pay close attention to the response of Hg in wetland to global environmental changes.