Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Sinian Reservoir in Anpingdian-Gaoshiti Structure,Middle Sichuan Basin

The Sinian reservior in Anpingdian (安平店)-Gaoshiti (高石梯) structure,Middle Sichuan (四川) basin,is of great importance to prospect for oil and gas.This article dissects the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of this area on the basis of comprehensive methods of organic geochemistry,fluid inclusion,modeling of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks,and by combining structure evolutions and analyzing the key geologic features of hydrocarbon origin and trap.According to the fluid inclusion homogenization temperature analysis,there exist at least three stages of fluid charging in the Sinian reservoir.From Middle-Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,oil cracked to gas gradually owing to high temperature at 200-220 ℃.The Sinian gas pool was mainly formed at the stage when natural gas in trap was released from water and paleo-gas pools were being adjusted.It was a process in which natural gas dissipated,transferred,and redistributed,and which resulted in the present remnant gas pool in Anpindian-Gaositi tectonic belt.The authors resumed such an evolution process of Sinian reservoir as from paleo-oil pools to paleo-gas pools,and till today's adjusted and reconstructed gas pools.     

Formation Mechanism and Controlling Factors of Natural Gas Reservoirs of the Jialingjiang Formation in the East Sichuan Basin

The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin, which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs. However, natural gas with high concentration of H2S, ranging from 4% to 7%, was discovered in the Wolonghe Gas pool consisting primarily of porous reservoirs, while the other over 20 fractured gas reservoirs have comparatively low, tiny and even no H2S within natural gases. Researches have proved the H2S of the above reservoirs are all from the TSR origin. Most of the Jialingjiang Formation natural gases are mainly generated from Lower Permian carbonate rocks, the Wolonghe gas pool＇s natural gases are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, and the natural gases of the Huangcaoxia and Fuchengzhai gas pools are all from Lower Silurian mudstone. The formation of H2S is controlled by the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs, and is not necessarily related with gas sources. The Jialingjiang Formation in East Sichuan is buried deeply and its reservoir temperature has ever attained the condition of the TSR reaction. Due to poor reservoir potential, most of the gas pools do not have enough room for hydrocarbon reaction except for the Wolonghe gas pool, and thus natural gases with high H2S concentration are difficult to be generated abundantly. The south part of East Sichuan did not generate natural gases with high H2S concentration because the reservoir was buried relatively shallow, and did not suffer high temperature. Hence, while predicting the distribution of H2S, the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs are the necessary factors to be considerd besides the existence of anhydrite.     

Tectonic Evolution and Petroleum Systems in the Junggar Basin

The Junggar basin is located in the northern part of Xinjiang of China. It is part of the Kazakstan plate, surrounded by the Paleozoic folded mountains: the Halaart, Zayier and Chepaizi Mountains in the northwest, the Qingelidi and Karamaili Mountains in the northeast, and the Tianshan Mountains in the south. In different evolution stages, the basin's types are different, and the stratigraphy and deposition are also different. From the Carboniferous to Tertiary the basin has in turn gone through rift basin, collision foreland basin, intraplate depression basin and regenerated foreland basin. Based on an analysis of thermal evolution history and buried history of the source rocks, three major periods of oil generation are found in the basin. According to the characteristics of source rock distribution, evolution, oil-source correlation, structure and multi-phase and mixed pools, the Junggar basin could be divided into 4 composite petroleum systems. Due to the variation in sedimentary facies, difference in     

Oil and Gas Accumulation in the Foreland Basins, Central and Western China

<正>Foreland basin represents one of the most important hydrocarbon habitats in central and western China.To distinguish these foreland basins regionally,and according to the need of petroleum exploration and favorable exploration areas,the foreland basins in central and western China can be divided into three structural types:superimposed,retrogressive and reformative foreland basin(or thrust belt),each with distinctive petroleum system characteristics in their petroleum system components(such as the source rock,reservoir rock,caprock,time of oil and gas accumulation,the remolding of oil/gas reservoir after accumulation,and the favorable exploration area,etc.).The superimposed type foreland basins,as exemplified by the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, characterized by two stages of early and late foreland basin development,typically contain at least two hydrocarbon source beds,one deposited in the early foreland development and another in the later fault-trough lake stage.Hydrocarbon accumulations in this type of foreland basin often occur in multiple stages of the basin development,though most of the highly productive pools were formed during the late stage of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment(Himalayan period).This is in sharp contrast to the retrogressive foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Permian to Triassic) such as the western Sichuan Basin,where prolific hydrocarbon source rocks are associated with sediments deposited during the early stages of the foreland basin development.As a result, hydrocarbon accumulations in retrogressive foreland basins occur mainly in the early stage of basin evolution.The reformative foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Himalayan period) such as the northern Qaidam Basin,in contrast,contain organic-rich,lacustrine so urce rocks deposited only in fault-trough lake basins occurring prior to the reformative foreland development during the late Cenozoic,with hydrocarbon accumulations taking place relatively late(Himalayan period).Therefore,the ultimate hydrocarbon potentials in the three types of foreland basins are largely determined by the extent of spatial and temporal matching among the thrust belts,hydrocarbon source kitchens,and regional and local caprocks.     

Formation Laws of Inorganic Gas Pools in the Northern Jiangsu Basin

In the Northern Jiangsu basin there are high pure CO2 gas pools, low condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools, high condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools and He-containing natural gas pools, with the δ13Cco2 (PDB) values ranging from -2.87‰ to -6.50‰, 3He/4He 3.71×10-6 to 6.42×10-6, R/Ra 2.64 to 4.5, 40Ar/36Ar 705 to 734, belonging to typical mantle source inorganic gas pools which are related to young magmatic activity. The gas layers occur in two major reservoir-caprock systems, the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic clastic rock system and the marine Meso-Palaeozoic carbonate rock-clastic rock system. Controlled by the difference in the scale of traps in the two reservoir-caprock systems, large and medium-scale inorganic gas pools are formed in the marine Meso-Palaeozoic Group and only small ones are formed in the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic strata. Inorganic gas pools in this basin are distributed along the two deep lithospheric faults on the west and south boundaries of the basin. Gas pools are developed     

Formation of Natural Bitumen and its Implication for Oil/gas Prospect in Dabashan Foreland

Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil-bed bitumen and paleo-reservoir bitumen, are distributed widely in the Dabashan foreland. These kinds of bitumen represent the process of oil/gas formation, migration and accumulation in the region. Bitumen in source rock filled in fractures and stylolite and experienced deformation simultaneously together with source rock themselves. It indicated that oil/gas generation and expelling from source rock occurred under normal buried thermal conditions during prototype basin evolution stages prior to orogeny. Occurrences of bitumen in source rock indicated that paleo-reservoir formation conditions existed in the Dabashan foreland. Migration bitumen being widespread in the fault revealed that the fault was the main channel for oil/gas migration, which occurred synchronously with Jurassic foreland deformation. Oil-bed bitumen was the kind of pyrolysis bitumen that distributed in solution pores of reservoir rock in the Dabashan foreland depression, the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geochemistry of oil-bed bitumen indicated that natural gas that accumulated in the Dabashan foreland depression formed from liquid hydrocarbon by pyrolysis process. However, paleo-reservior bitumen in the Dabashan forleland was the kind of degradation bitumen that formed from liquid hydrocarbon within the paleo-reservior by oxidation, alteration and other secondary changes due to paleo-reservior damage during tectonics in the Dabashan foreland. In combination with the tectonic evolution of the Dabashan foreland, it is proposed that the oil/gas generated, migrated and accumulated to form the paleo-reservoir during the Triassic Indosinian tectonic movement. Jurassic collision orogeny, the Yanshan tectonic movement, led to intracontinental orogeny of the Dabashan area accompanied by geofluid expelling and paleo-reservoir damage in the Dabashan foreland. The present work proposed that there is liquid hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Dabashan foreland, while there are prospects for the existence of natural gas in the Dabashan foreland depression.     

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

Thermal simulation of basic volcanic fluid influence on different source rocks

Based on thermal simulation experiment, interactions between volcanic fluids and source rocks were studied. Gas generations in the dry system and fluid system under different temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that the various types of source rocks are similar in composition, containing gaseous C1-C5 hydrocarbons, H2 and CO2 whose gas yields increase with increasing temperature. The gas yield of source rocks of type I is the high- est, followed by type II, and that of source rocks of type III is the lowest, indicating that the yield of hydrocarbon gases is related to their hydrocarbon generating potential. Although the generating potential of type III is the lowest, it can still be regarded as a useful gas source when it is buried deeply enough. The basic volcanic fluid restrains the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons in different types of source rocks, but promotes the generation of inorganic gases.     

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

<正>The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton.Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock,the basin has undergone many tectonic events.The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift,twisting,deep burying,and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks.We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying,heating,and hydrocarbon generation,not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis,fluid inclusion measurements,and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY%R_o.The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan.This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation.The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations.The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian,Yanshanian,and particularly Late Himalayan.The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.     

Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System

Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.     

叠合盆地成藏流体源类型、演化及控藏意义——以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例

中国南方经历了多阶段构造演化的历史，具有典型叠合盆地性质，海相地层以次生油气藏为主，成藏流体源成为首要控藏要素。结合中国南方8个典型油气藏的实例，总结了叠合盆地成藏流体源类型，分析了其随时空的演化规律及其对油气分布的控制作用。认为中国南方海相地层的成藏流体源包括烃源岩热解烃、原油裂解气、二次生烃、水溶气、无机气及混合气等多种。在印支期之前以烃源岩热解烃为主，印支-燕山期主要形成原油裂解气和水溶气，燕山-喜马拉雅期主要形成由各种气源构成的混合气。受成藏流体源控制，混源型气藏主要分布干上扬子区（四川盆地）；原生型油（气）藏主要形成干江南等古隆起区，但大多已演化为古油藏；二次生烃型气藏主要分布干下、中扬子白垩系-古近系覆盖区，及楚雄盆地、十万大山、南盘江等地；无机型气藏形成干张性构造区。     

Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China

In marine strata from Sinian to Middle Triassic in South China, there develop four sets of regional and six sets of local source rocks, and ten sets of reservoir rocks. The occurrence of four main formation periods in association with five main reconstruction periods, results in a secondary origin for the most marine gas pools in South China. To improve the understanding of marine gas pools in South China with severely deformed geological background, the dominant control factors are discussed in this paper. The fluid sources, including the gas cracked from crude oil, the gas dissolved in water, the gas of inorganic origin, hydrocarbons generated during the second phase, and the mixed pool fluid source, were the most significant control factors of the types and the development stage of pools. The period of the pool formation and the reconstruction controlled the pool evolution and the distribution on a regional scale. Owing to the multiple periods of the pool formation and the reconstruction, the distribution of marine gas pools was complex both in space and in time, and the gas in the pools is heterogeneous. Pool elements, such as preservation conditions, traps and migration paths, and reservoir rocks and facies, also served as important control factors to marine gas pools in South China. Especially, the preservation conditions played a key role in maintaining marine oil and gas accumulations on a regional or local scale. According to several dominant control factors of a pool, the pool-controlling model can be constructed. As an example, the pool-controlling model of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan gas field in Sichuan basin was summed up.     

济阳坳陷中浅层气溶脱机制及成藏规律

济阳坳陷中的石油伴生气是中浅层气藏的主要来源,生物气和油藏中原油降解形成的甲烷气也可以提供部分气源.中浅层气藏形成的关键在于溶解气的脱气及其进一步封存,影响脱气的主要因素是压力、温度和油气性质,其中压力是主导因素.在济阳坳陷,中浅层气藏分布在500～2 000 m间.地下温压场对该区中浅层天然气藏的形成和分布起控制作用,只有当地层饱和压力差低于3 Mpa时,才会形成气顶或气层,济阳坳陷脱气点的对应深度是1 500～2 000 m.中浅层气藏在济阳坳陷中的分布主要与断层有关,断层是天然气垂向运移的主要通道,运移过程中的分异是中浅层气藏形成的重要机制.     

川西前陆盆地次生气藏天然气来源追踪

浅层次生气藏在川西前陆盆地占重要地位,天然气虽都直接或间接来自须家河组煤系烃源岩,但具体来自须家河组三套煤系中的哪一套烃源岩始终是个难题.这影响了川西天然气成藏方面的研究,也给勘探带来很多困惑.对川西原生和次生气藏天然气地球化学特征进行对比分析,结合川西天然气成藏地质条件和成藏特点,发现次生气藏天然气的来源各不相同,主要由隐伏断裂和所沟通的原生气藏来决定.典型气田研究结果表明,平落坝气田浅层次生气藏天然气来自与须五段煤系烃源岩有关的原生气藏,而白马庙气田次生气藏天然气则来自与须一段煤系有关的原生气藏.     

轮南低凸起油气输导体系格架及输导样式

多源多灶的生烃背景导致轮南地区的油气成藏过程高度复杂化.基于油气成藏动力学理论,综合运用钻井、地震以及地球化学等资料对轮南低凸起关键时期油气输导体系格架及典型油气藏输导样式的研究表明,由于志留系沥青砂盆地级的分布特征有力地证实了加里东晚期奥陶系岩溶缝洞体尚未形成,因此志留系砂体是加里东晚期源自寒武系烃源岩的烃类向轮南低凸起横向输导的主要通道;其次,海西早期的强烈抬升及长时间的暴露剥蚀导致表生岩溶作用深度改善了轮南地区碳酸盐岩层系的储集效能,而潜山风化壳之下的奥陶系岩溶缝洞储集体是这一时期源自满加尔坳陷内奥陶系烃源岩烃类的横向运载层;喜山期油气成藏的实质为海西晚期奥陶系整装油气藏形成后的调整改造过程,包括过量干气的气洗改造以及不同尺度断裂的垂向调整.轮南油田、桑塔木油田以及解放渠东油田三叠系油气藏的形成均受控于深大断裂的垂向输导.同时,上覆盖层的强制性封闭将喜山期干气的横向输导路径束缚于奥陶系内部,奥陶系油藏经气洗相分馏改造转变为次生的饱和凝析气藏.而由于桑塔木断垒带地区连接奥陶系与石炭系的层间断裂以及轮古东地区奥陶系层内断裂活动所诱发的泄压相分馏改造,不仅在石炭系圈闭形成了纯气相的不饱和凝析气藏,还直接控制了轮古东油田凝析气藏及其流体性质的分布.      

川东北地区海相深层多源生烃动态转化机制——以普光气田为例

海相碳酸盐岩层系深层-超深层油气形成机制是石油地质学研究的热点和难点。以川东北普光气田为例,通过烃源(岩)评价及其与原油、储层沥青和天然气之间的地球化学对比、油气藏形成演化与保存过程分析,结合不同类型天然气组分、流体包裹体以及多种烃源生烃模拟等实验数据,对油气来源和成烃成藏过程进行了系统分析。结果表明,在多期沉积构造活动背景下,海相深层烃源岩系和主力产层均经历过高温高压环境与高热演化,形成了不同类型的干酪根、以分散和富集状态赋存的可溶有机质,以及以有机酸盐形式存在的不溶有机质等多种形式烃源,并普遍存在不同类型烃源、不同成因油气的连续或叠置动态相态转化,及其对油气成藏贡献的接替过程,呈现出"来源的多样性、转化的接替性、过程的多期性和成因的复合性"之油气形成演化特点,提出"多源生烃动态转化"是深层油气形成演化的主要机制,将烃源生气过程延续到更高的演化阶段,有利于深层-超深层条件下油气藏的再充注和聚集保存。     

松辽盆地十屋断陷深层油气成藏过程与模式

松辽盆地十屋断陷深层油气藏经历了多期成藏与多期演化,根据烃源岩生排烃史模拟结合储层流体包裹体分析,十屋断陷深层油气藏主要经历了3期油气成藏过程,登娄库期末是早期原生油气藏的主要形成期,以形成油藏为主;泉头期末是十屋断陷深层油气藏大规模形成期,形成的油藏和气藏并重,早期油气藏继续接受本区成熟源岩生成的油气而不断扩大,同时早期原油在此阶段逐渐裂解成气;嫩江期末十屋断陷深层油气藏强烈改造,以形成次生油气藏和大量天然气藏为主。十屋断陷发育2类油气成藏模式:一类是中央隆起带"多期成藏中晚期强调整型"油气成藏模式,这是十屋断陷的主要成藏模式;另一类是位于深凹带和斜坡带"早期成藏晚期弱调整型"油气成藏模式。     

Main Controlling Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution in Marine Sedimentary Sequences in South China

Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays.     

改造型盆地油气赋存-成藏理论体系纲要

中国沉积盆地的鲜明个性特征之一是后期改造强烈而普遍。此特征深刻地影响着油气的赋存条件和成藏效应,明显增加了地质研究和油气勘探的难度。改造型盆地和盆地复杂改造地区已成为中国油气勘探和资源接替的重要领域。盆地后期改造的主要形式可分为隆升-剥蚀、沉降-深埋、热力作用、流体活动和构造变形五种类型。在自然界,多种地质作用同时参与的复合式改造更为普遍。改造型盆地特征复杂多样,油气赋存和成藏过程集多类含油气盆地中诸多油气藏之众合。本文将改造型盆地油气赋存-成藏的核心理论纲要式归纳为:原盆控源、过程控储、改造控藏、多源成藏、动态聚散、晚期定位。原盆控源,即改造型盆地的烃源岩是在改造前原盆富烃凹陷中所形成,改造后留存的烃源岩规模及特征决定盆地油气的贫富和分布。各类储层的形成和保存总体受岩石原生物质沉积-埋藏成岩和次生改造重塑两大阶段全过程的控制,称之为过程控储。盆地或地区后期改造过程及结果的个性特征直接控制着该地区油气的赋存、成藏-定位和分布特点,即改造控藏。后期多种形式的改造可引发多源油气富集成藏,既含来自不同深度、不同成熟度烃源岩的油气同储成藏,又有源自不同类型、不同世代烃源岩的油气混聚成藏,还包括烃类与各种非烃类气体同储或同盆共存成藏。盆地经受多期次构造变动和改造必然导致油气发生多次动态聚散和晚期成藏-定位。将晚期成藏与定位连在一起就较全面地概括和体现了不同时代盆地大多油气藏形成的要点和勘探界关注的重点。