电子探针波谱法在辉石种属鉴定中的应用

变质岩中辉石显微镜下以高正突起、辉石式解理和干涉色为主要鉴定特征.辉石族矿物有斜方辉石和单斜辉石2个亚族,其中斜方辉石亚族有7种辉石类型,单斜辉石亚族有12种辉石类型.为了验证岩石薄片鉴定结果的准确性,往往是利用X射线粉晶衍射技术进行比对分析.岩石中有几种辉石及辉石类型,X射线粉晶衍射方法则无法区分.本次研究是利用电子探针波谱技术对矿物主量元素进行分析,通过所测样品微区化学成分含量推测矿物名称.25件样品微区化学成分分析结果统计显示：MgO为8.36%~17.34%,FeO为27.57%~39.77%,SiO₂为47.94%~52.70%;次要成分含量：Cr₂O₃为0.01%~6.28%,Na₂O为0.00%~0.19%,Al₂O₃为0.43%~3.11%,CaO为0.38%~1.94%,MnO₂为0.09%~0.79%;总量为99.64%~100.00%.化学成分与紫苏辉石组分相当,可以确定所测样品为紫苏辉石.     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物种类划分及指示意义

晶体矿物学理论认为不同成岩环境金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物由于形成物理化学条件不同,其晶体结构和化学成分会发生明显的变化,通过对无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩岩管中的尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数和化学成分的测定,研究尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数变化与无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩的内在关系,可以提高金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿效率。为了确定辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物种属,探讨辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数与金伯利岩含矿性关系,本文运用电子探针波谱仪对50件尖晶石族矿物中的MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO及Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,运用单晶X射线衍射仪对136个尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数进行测定。数据统计显示:瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物为铬铁矿和镁铬铁矿,以化学分子式中A、B组主要阳离子占位特征为基础,可把矿区的尖晶石族矿物划分为10个亚种;如果用尖晶石族矿物化学成分中Cr2O3与(Cr2O3+Al2O3)含量的比值Cr'来表示尖晶石族矿物与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,金伯利岩岩体含矿性由富矿→中等含矿→贫矿,相应岩体中尖晶石族矿物Cr'值分别为89.5%、83.4%~87.1%和70.2%,逐渐变低;从无矿金伯利岩岩体→贫矿和中等含矿金伯利岩岩体→富矿金伯利岩岩体,金伯利岩体中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数分别为0.831~0.832 nm、0.834~0.836 nm、0.837 nm,有逐渐变大的趋势。本文认为,辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数大小和Cr'参数可以作为判断辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩含矿性的指示标型。     

淮北闸河矿区高岭岩特征及其利用途径

用差热、X射线衍射及红外光谱等方法,对淮北闸河矿区下石盒子组底部5#、6#煤层间一层高岭岩矿层进行了研究。结果表明:矿层平均厚3.8m,矿石几乎全部是由高岭石组成的单矿物岩,有益组分Al₂O₃含量一般在36%~39%;主要有害组分Fe₂O₃含量变化在0.78%~1.71%之间;TiO₂含量多在0.4 9%~0.97%。为矿物组成纯净,有益组分含量高但有害组分亦较高的高岭岩。这种岩石是生产化工产品,以及煅烧高岭土的良好原料。      

磁铁矿显微结构及化学成分对铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床成矿过程的指示

铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁多金属矿床是长江中下游鄂东南矿集区的一个典型矿床,矿体产于铜绿山岩体与三叠系碳酸盐岩地层的接触带.磁铁矿是铜绿山铜铁矿床中广泛发育的矿石矿物,选取内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩中的热液磁铁矿以及岩体中副矿物磁铁矿为研究对象,对其开展系统的显微结构观察和电子探针分析.热液磁铁矿中普遍发育有钛尖晶石出溶结构和富硅环带结构,且没有明显的后期热液交代改造现象.钛尖晶石出溶结构指示铜绿山矿床的早期热液磁铁矿具有较高的Ti含量,磁铁矿结晶后经历了降温和氧逸度降低过程导致钛尖晶石出溶.热液磁铁矿中还普遍含有较高含量的Si、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Ni等元素,Si4+、Al3+、Mg2+、Mn2+等以类质同象方式进入磁铁矿晶格;但在不同产状的磁铁矿中,替代强度和机制略有不同,说明流体成分、温度、压力等物理化学条件影响元素替代强度和方式.外矽卡岩中磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值小于4,内矽卡岩中磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值为5~8,而副矿物磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值约为13.岩体副矿物磁铁矿具有最高的V₂O₃含量（平均值为0.31%）,与岩体接触的内矽卡岩中的磁铁矿次之（平均值为0.14%）,外矽卡岩中磁铁矿的V₂O₃含量最低（平均值为0.01%~0.03%）.Al₂O₃/MgO比值和V₂O₃含量说明磁铁矿生长环境（熔体/热液）、围岩的成分及水-岩反应等对磁铁矿的化学组成均有影响.铜绿山矿床从岩体到内矽卡岩、再到外矽卡岩,磁铁矿的形成温度逐步下降,其成分的变化指示了磁铁矿可以作为矽卡岩矿床成矿过程的重要指示矿物.      

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物特征及种类划分

山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物究竟是铬铁矿还是尖晶石一直倍受争议,为了确定山东蒙阴矿区形态复杂的尖晶石族矿物种类,项目组对矿区的尖晶石族矿物进行了系统的采样,利用电子探针对50件尖晶石族矿物MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO、Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,结果显示,山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物A、B端元成分复杂,不存在单纯的铬铁矿或尖晶石矿物种,以化学分子式分类为基础得到的尖晶石族矿物种类主要有:铁镁-铬铁钛、镁铁-铬铁铝钛、铁镁-铬铝铁、镁铁-铬铝铁、铁镁-铬铁钛铝、镁铁-铬铝、铁镁-铬铝7个亚种。山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物的主要端元组分为MgAl2O4、MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4,矿物化学成分分析表明,Mg质量分数较高(7.3%~11.8%),其中Fe、Mg离子数比近于1:1,构成富镁的铬铁矿。     

镁铝对烧结矿中铁酸钙的矿物学特性影响

铁酸钙是高碱度烧结矿中的主要黏结相矿物,它的含量、结晶形态、化学成分及晶体结构等矿物学特性对烧结矿质量起着关键性作用,而烧结原料中各组分的含量直接影响着铁酸钙的生成。以Fe₃O₄、SiO₂、CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃的化学纯试剂为原料,在实验室进行微型烧结实验,运用XRD、偏光显微镜、电子探针等手段,定量分析研究了原料组分中MgO、Al₂O₃对烧结矿中铁酸钙的生成及其矿物学特性的影响。原料中MgO含量的增加对铁酸钙的生成有一定抑制作用,尤其在MgO含量为2.0%~3.0%时,烧结矿中铁酸钙含量明显减少,其晶体形态也从以板柱状和针状为主逐渐过渡为它形不规则状;原料中Al₂O₃的增加,对烧结矿中铁酸钙的形成具有促进作用,即随着Al₂O₃的增加铁酸钙含量呈明显增加趋势,且铁酸钙的形态也由以柱状和针状为主向板柱状变化。电子探针成分分析及矿物化学式计算结果表明,铁酸钙是由Fe₂O₃、CaO、SiO₂、Al₂O₃及MgO组成的复杂结晶体,其化学通式为Ca_2.60Mg_0.44Si_1.07Al_0.96Fe_8.92O₂₀。原料中MgO、Al₂O₃含量的变化,对铁酸钙的化学成分中Fe₂O₃/CaO摩尔分数比影响不大,均接近3∶2。上述研究结果对于深刻理解烧结工艺条件下铁酸钙晶相的晶体化学特征及其对烧结矿质量的影响具有重要指导意义。     

东海陆架晚更新世以来沉积物常量元素的分布及其地质意义

对东海陆架西湖凹陷区SFK-1孔的岩性、粒度、常量元素以及测年数据的综合分析表明:元素地球化学信息对于地层的划分有良好的指示意义。 SFK-1孔沉积物常量元素质量分数平均值分别为SiO₂ 65.35%、Al₂O₃ 12.12%、FeO 1.75%、CaO 3.88%、MgO 2.04%、K₂O 2.63%、 Na₂O 2.04%、 TiO₂ 0.66%、 P₂O₅ 0.12%、 MnO 0.065%、TFe₂O₃ 4.74%、CaCO₃ 5.38%,标准差系数较小,反映SFK-1孔常量元素离散程度较小。SFK-1孔沉积物CaCO₃/TiO₂、CaO/TiO₂和P₂O₅/TiO₂反映了化学风化程度的强弱;TiO₂/Al₂O₃可以作为古水流能量的指标,反映当时河流水动力条件的影响强度;而SiO₂/TiO₂、Na₂O/TiO₂可以用来反映沉积水动力的强度。依据常量元素质量分数垂直变化特征划分的8个层段分别与沉积物粒度、气候变化地层划分界线吻合。研究区自91 ka BP以来沉积环境经历了剧烈变化,它们分别反映了末次间冰期( 暖期) 晚期以来东海陆架区沉积环境的变化。     

华北南缘石炭纪仁村大型喀斯特型铝土矿物质来源与成矿过程研究

华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世经历了强烈的风化和喀斯特化作用,并在晚石炭世形成大规模喀斯特型铝土矿,但是其物质来源及成矿过程目前仍存争议。本文选取华北南缘仁村大型喀斯特型铝土矿床,在矿床地质剖析基础上,对两个钻孔岩心进行矿物学、地球化学、碳-氧同位素分析,剖析了成矿物质来源和成矿环境条件,总结了铝土矿形成过程。仁村铝土矿含矿岩系赋存于奥陶系灰岩风化面之上的石炭系本溪组中,含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质粘土岩、铝土矿和粘土岩。X衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析显示铁质粘土岩主要矿物为菱铁矿和伊利石,铝土矿主要矿物为硬水铝石、黄铁矿、菱铁矿、锐钛矿、伊利石和高岭石,而粘土岩主要矿物为高岭石和勃姆石。铁质粘土岩元素组成以SiO₂、FeO、Al₂O₃为主,铝土矿以Al₂O₃、SiO₂、FeO、TiO₂为主,而粘土岩主要为SiO₂。微量元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th和U等在含矿岩系呈现整体富集,稀土元素主要在铝土矿层底部富集。硬水铝石...     

河南省巩义铝土矿地球化学特征分析

龙门-巩义地区是河南省铝土矿成矿带之一.通过对巩义铝土矿主要成分化学测试,研究分析铝土矿床化学元素变化规律.结果表明：铝土矿矿石主要矿物成分为一水硬铝石(含量45%～95%),其次为高岭石、伊利石等(含量4%～25%),含少量菱铁矿、黄铁矿、方解石、白云石等,微量矿物有锆石、磷灰石等.矿石的主要化学成分为Al₂O₃、SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、S,共占总成分的83.42%.其中,Al₂O₃含量40.46%～77.59%,平均60.68%;SiO₂1.00%～29.54%,平均14.07%;铝硅比值(A/S)1.8～65.1,平均4.3.在不同埋深条件下,相对深度越大,Al₂O₃的含量值及A/S值相对越大.该区域的化学风化指数(CIA)值可达到91.16,指示本区含铝岩系遭受了强烈的化学风化作用.     

青海锡铁山矿区滩间山群a-2岩段与d-2岩段变质岩原岩恢复及对比

锡铁山铅锌矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘造山带中段,矿体主要赋存于滩间山群a-2岩段和b岩组绿片岩中,而在与a-2岩段岩性极其相似的d-2岩段中还未发现矿体。本文通过岩石学和元素地球化学方法对a-2、d-2岩段变质岩进行了原岩恢复及对比,得出以下结论:1)a-2岩段绿片岩较d-2岩段绿片岩,碳质成分含量较多,且碳酸盐化程度较高;2)a-2岩段大理岩成分较纯,方解石含量大于95%,而d-2岩段大理岩中多含石英、长石和绢云母矿物;3)2个岩段SiO₂含量的显著变化显示其源区多来源的特点,w（Al₂O₃）-w（TiO₂）二元组分关系特征反映2个岩段源区至少由2个端元组成,1个端元相对低Ti O₂和Al₂O₃,另1个端元相对高Ti O₂和Al₂O₃,且a-2岩段中TiO₂和Al₂O₃组分相对d-2岩段更加分散;4)2岩段...     

Megacrysts from the Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk Province, Russia)

The megacryst suite of the Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk province, Russia) comprises garnet, clinopyroxene, magnesian ilmenite, phlogopite and garnet-clinopyroxene intergrowths. Crystalline inclusions, mainly of clinopyroxene and picroilmenite, occur in garnet megacrysts. Ilmenite is characterized by a wide range in the contents of MgO (10.6–15.5 wt.%) and Cr₂O₃ (0.7–8.3 wt.%). Megacryst garnets show wide variations in Cr₂O₃ (1.3–9.6 wt.%) and CaO (3.6–11.0 wt.%) but relatively constant MgO (15.4–22.3 wt.%) and FeO (5.2–9.9 wt.%). The pyroxenes also show wide variations in such oxides as Cr₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and Na₂O (0.56–2.95; 0.86–3.25; 1.3–3.0 wt.%, respectively). The high magnesium and chromium content of all these minerals puts them together in one paragenetic group. This conclusion was confirmed by studies of the crystalline inclusions in megacrysts, which demonstrate similar variations in composition. Low concentration of hematite in ilmenite suggests reducing conditions during crystallization. P–T estimates based on the clinopyroxene geothermobarometer (Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 139 (2000) 541) show wide variations (624–1208 °C and 28.8–68.0 kbars), corresponding to a 40–45 mW/m² conductive geotherm. The majority of Gar-Cpx intergrowths differ from the corresponding monomineralic megacrysts in having higher Mg contents and relatively low TiO₂. The minerals from the megacryst association, as a rule, differ from the minerals of mantle xenoliths, but garnets in ilmenite-bearing peridotite xenoliths are compositionally similar to garnet megacrysts. The common features of trace element composition of megacryst minerals and kimberlite (they are poor in Zr group elements) suggest a genetic relationship. The origin of the megacrysts is proposed to be genetically connected with kimberlite magma-chamber evolution on the one hand and with associated mantle metasomatism on the other. We suggest that, depending on the primary melt composition, different paragenetic associations of macro/megacrysts can be crystallized in kimberlites. They include: (1) Fe–Ti (Mir, Udachnaya pipes); (2) high-Mg, Cr (Zagadochna, Kusova pipes); (3) high-Mg, Cr, Ti (Grib pipe).     

Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of inclusions from De Beers Pool diamonds, Kimberley, South Africa

Silicate and oxide mineral inclusions in diamonds from the geologically and historically important De Beers Pool kimberlites in Kimberley, South Africa, are characterised by harzburgitic compositions (>90%), with lesser abundances from eclogitic and websteritic parageneses. The De Beers Pool diamonds contain unusually high numbers of inclusion intergrowths, with garnet+orthopyroxene±chromite±olivine and chromite+olivine assemblages dominant. More unusual intergrowths include garnet+olivine+magnesite and an eclogitic assemblage comprising garnet+clinopyroxene+rutile. The mineral chemistry of the De Beers Pool inclusions overlaps that of most worldwide localities. Peridotitic garnet inclusions exhibit variable CaO (<5.8 wt.%) and Cr₂O₃ contents (3.0–15.0 wt.%), although the majority are harzburgitic with very low calcium concentrations (<2 wt.% CaO). Eclogitic garnet inclusions are characterised by a wide range in CaO (3.3–21.1 wt.%) with low Cr₂O₃ (<1 wt.%). Websteritic garnets exhibit intermediate compositions. Most chromite inclusions contain 63–67 wt.% Cr₂O₃ and <0.5 wt.% TiO₂. Olivine and orthopyroxene inclusions are magnesium-rich with Mg-numbers of 93–97. Olivine inclusions in chromite exhibit the highest Mg-numbers and also contain elevated Cr₂O₃ contents up to 1.0 wt.%. Peridotitic clinopyroxene inclusions are Cr-diopsides with up to 0.8 wt.% K₂O. Eclogitic and websteritic clinopyroxene inclusions exhibit overlapping compositions with a wide range in Mg-numbers (66–86).

Calculated temperatures for non-touching inclusion pairs from individual diamonds range from 1082 to 1320 °C (average=1197 °C), whereas pressures vary from 4.6 to 7.7 GPa (average=6.3 GPa). Touching inclusion assemblages are characterised by equilibration temperatures of 995 to 1182 °C (average=1079 °C) and pressures of 4.2–6.8 GPa (average=5.4 GPa). Provided that the non-touching inclusions represent equilibrium assemblages, it is suggested that these inclusions record the conditions at the time of diamond crystallisation (1200 °C; 3.0 Ga). The lower average temperatures for touching inclusions are attributed to re-equilibration in a cooling mantle (1050 °C) prior to kimberlite eruption at 85 Ma. Pressure estimates for touching garnet–orthopyroxene inclusions are also skewed towards lower values than most non-touching inclusions. This apparent difference may be an artefact of the Al-exchange geobarometer and/or the result of sampling bias, due to limited numbers of non-touching garnet–orthopyroxene inclusions. Alternatively pressure differences could be caused by differential uplift in the mantle or possibly variations in thermal compressibility between diamond and silicate inclusions. However, thermodynamic modelling suggests that thermal compressibility differences would cause only minor changes in internal inclusion pressures (<0.2 GPa/100 °C).     

Kimberlite AT-56: a mantle sample from the north central Superior craton, Canada

Kimberlite AT-56, discovered in February 2001, represents the most recent addition to the Attawapiskat kimberlite cluster, located in the James Bay Lowlands of Ontario, Canada. AT-56 is a small kimberlite body with a surface diameter of approximately 40 m and a steep southeastern plunge. It consists of a medium to coarse-grained matrix supported kimberlite with abundant olivine, clinopyroxene, garnet, ilmenite and mica macrocrysts in a green-black to orange-black matrix. The kimberlite is classified as a hypabyssal facies sparsely macrocrystic calcite kimberlite. Heavy mineral concentrates from two representative samples of AT-56 have been analyzed to characterize the mantle sampled by the kimberlite. Both samples yielded large heavy mineral concentrates comprised of roughly equal proportions of Mg-ilmenite, Cr-diopside, high-Cr garnet and low-Cr garnet. Mg-chromite is also present in quantities an order of magnitude less than the other constituents.

The high-Cr peridotitic garnet macrocrysts are only slightly more abundant than the low-Cr varieties, the population being dominated by G9 (lherzolitic) types with only a few (less than 10%) weakly sub-calcic G10 (probable harzburgitic) garnets present. Ni thermometry results for a representative selection of G9 and G10 garnets indicate that the majority equilibrated at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1250 °C. A significant proportion of the low-Cr garnet population derived from AT-56 is characterized by relatively low-Ti (0.2 to 0.4 wt.% TiO₂) and elevated Na (0.07 to 0.13 wt.% Na₂O) contents characteristic of Group 1, diamond inclusion type eclogite garnets. These sodic garnets have elevated Cr₂O₃ contents (typically 1 to 2 wt.% Cr₂O₃), suggesting they may be websteritic in origin rather than eclogitic. Comparison of AT-56 garnet compositions with published data available for other Attawapiskat kimberlites suggests websteritic mantle has also been sampled by kimberlite bodies elsewhere in the Attawapiskat cluster and it may be an important diamond reservoir in this area.     

新疆西天山松湖铁矿床磁铁矿成分特征及其成因

松湖铁矿位于新疆阿吾拉勒成矿带中段, 其成矿作用经历了2期6个阶段: 硫化物-钾长石阶段、赤铁矿-方解石-绿泥石阶段、磁铁矿-绿泥石-钾长石阶段(称为早阶段铁矿化)、磁铁矿-硫化物阶段(称为晚阶段铁矿化)、方解石-黄铜矿阶段及表生期.为了分析其成分特征及其成因, 使用磁铁矿电子探针分析, 结果显示: 早阶段磁铁矿FeO_T含量高, TiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO、MnO等含量均较低, 与接触交代矿床成分特征相似, 加之SiO₂含量较高, 暗示其形成与酸性岩浆热液密切相关; 晚阶段为主成矿阶段, 广泛作用于早阶段矿石之上, 磁铁矿FeO_T含量相对较低, TiO₂、MnO、V₂O₃、MgO、Al₂O₃等含量高于早阶段磁铁矿, 显示为热液成因.综合矿床地质特征, 认为晚阶段磁铁矿形成于岩浆活动晚期或间歇期, 含矿热液中有海水的加入.      

Neoproterozoic ‘anomalous’ kimberlites of Guaniamo, Venezuela: Mica kimberlites of ‘isotopic transitional’ type

In Venezuela, kimberlites have so far only been found in the Guaniamo region, where they occur as high diamond grade sheets in massive to steeply foliated Paleoproterozoic granitoid rocks. The emplacement age of the Guaniamo kimberlites is 712±6 Ma, i.e., Neoproterozoic. The Guaniamo kimberlites contain a high abundance of mantle minerals, with greater than 30% olivine macrocrysts. The principal kimberlite indicator minerals found are pyrope garnet and chromian spinel, with the overwhelming majority of the garnets being of the peridotite association. Chrome-diopside is rare, and picroilmenite is uncommon. Chemically, the Guaniamo kimberlites are characterized by high MgO contents, with low Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents and higher than average FeO and K₂O contents. These rocks have above average Ni, Cr, Co, Th, Nb, Ta, Sr and LREE concentrations and very low P, Y and, particularly, Zr and Hf contents. The Nb/Zr ratio is very distinctive and is similar to that of the Aries, Australia kimberlite. The Guaniamo kimberlites are similar in petrography, mineralogy and mantle mineral content to ilmenite-free Group 2 mica kimberlites of South Africa. The Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics of Guaniamo kimberlites are distinct from both kimberlite Group 1 and Group 2, being more similar to transitional type kimberlites, and in particular to diamondiferous kimberlites of the Arkhangelsk Diamond Province, Russia. The Guaniamo kimberlites form part of a compositional spectrum between other standard kimberlite reference groups. They formed from metasomatised subcontinental lithospheric mantle and it is likely that subduction of oceanic crust was the source of this metasomatised material, and also of the eclogitic component, which is dominant in Guaniamo diamonds.     

山东栖霞笏山金矿床成因——元素地球化学与流体包裹体证据

笏山金矿床为陡崖断裂带南段内最大的金矿床,为了揭示其矿床成因,在矿床地质研究的基础上开展了矿体围岩元素地球化学和流体包裹体研究。研究结果表明：笏山金矿床沿NE向断裂发育大规模的热液蚀变带,地表出露的断裂带形成一个庞大的面形蚀变带,矿化较弱,分带不明显,钻孔显示金矿体两侧依次发育黄铁绢英岩、绢英岩化花岗岩蚀变带和二长花岗岩,金矿体主要产于陡崖断裂带下盘黄铁绢英岩蚀变带内。质量平衡计算表明：绢英岩化过程中,主量元素SiO₂、Al₂O₃、FeO、MnO、Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅和部分稀土元素从二长花岗岩中迁出,而MgO、CaO、Fe₂O₃,成矿元素Au、Ag,亲硫元素Cu、Pb及亲铁元素V、Cr、Co、Ni迁入二长花岗岩;黄铁绢英岩化过程中,主量元素FeO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、MgO、CaO,成矿元素Au、Ag,亲硫元素Cu及亲铁元素V、Cr、Co、Ni迁入,SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、K₂O和P₂O₅迁出。岩相学观察、显微测温以及单个包裹体成分激光拉曼分析提示其流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体和含CO₂三相包裹体,具有低盐度（w（NaCl）为5.33%~13.29%）和中温（260~300℃）CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系,在成矿过程中,含矿流体经历了流体不混溶作用。结合矿床地质特征及实验结果分析,确定该矿床为受陡崖断裂带控制的中温蚀变岩型金矿床。     

黑龙江多宝山地区晚三叠世岩浆活动对蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋南向俯冲的响应

近年来相继在嫩江多宝山地区发现了一系列晚三叠世岩浆岩。但该期岩浆活动的构造背景、成因机制及成矿作用迄今尚未得到很好的解读,这些问题对深入理解该地区构造演化、寻找多金属矿产具有重要意义。本文以多宝山矿区英云闪长岩、争光矿区闪长岩为研究对象进行系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究。锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,多宝山英云闪长岩形成时代为(226.3±2.3) Ma,争光闪长岩形成时代为(229.3±3.1) Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,可能是同一岩浆房演化的产物。地球化学特征显示,多宝山英云闪长岩以高SiO₂(64.25%~66.44%)、Al₂O₃(16.54%~17.21%)、K₂O+Na₂O(8.16%~8.49%),低CaO(2.27%~2.95%)、MgO(0.99%~1.16%)、TiO₂(0.31%~0.36%)、P₅O₂(0.16%~0.17%)为特征;争光闪长岩以SiO₂(57.12%~58.5%)、Al₂O₃(14.59%~15.26%)、(Na₂O+K₂O)(5.34%~6.16%)、 TiO₂(0.83%~0.97%)、P₂O₅(0.15%~0.27%)及TFeO/MgO(1.12~1.25)相近为特征;多宝山英云闪长岩亏损Rb、Nb、Sm,富集Ba、U、Zr和Sr,Eu正异常明显(δEu=1.21~1.57),争光闪长岩Rb、Nb、Sm亏损,Ba、Th、Sr、Hf富集,Eu弱正异常(δEu=0.93~1.22)。二者富集轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损重稀土元素(HREE),稀土及微量曲线形态近似,显示同一源区的特征,原始岩浆起源于受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔的部分熔融,形成于与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋板块俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘环境。多宝山矿集区晚三叠世钙碱性岩浆岩的确定指示蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲作用可影响到兴安地块东缘。综合区域晚三叠世矿床成矿时代及成矿背景,证实多宝山地区晚三叠世岩浆活动具有较强的银铜钼成矿能力,成矿潜力巨大。     

塔里木东北缘坡十Ni矿化侵入体中橄榄石和铬尖晶石对成岩成矿及源区特征的约束

坡十Ni矿化超镁铁侵入体的矿化岩相主要为第二侵入期次的（斜长）单辉橄榄岩、（斜长）二辉橄榄岩、 纯橄岩等岩相。坡十超镁铁岩的橄榄石成分变化范围较大, 橄榄石的Fo值在76.8～89.6之间, Ni含量为767×10^-6～4 580×10^-6。铬尖晶石的Mg^#值和Cr^#值变化范围分别为19.4～41.9和49.8～64.8, 原生铬尖晶石中Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃表现为负相关, 蚀变改造的铬尖晶石则表现为正相关。橄榄石成分剖面显示坡十母岩浆处于一个动态的岩浆系统中, 成分稳定的新鲜岩浆的补给、 持续向上的动力及浅部橄榄石快速分离结晶,造成了不同深度橄榄石成分的不同变化。坡十侵入体母岩浆估算结果为MgO=14.49％, FeO=10.01％,模拟结果显示橄榄石中Ni含量的变化主要受橄榄石结晶分异和硫化物不混溶作用共同控制,其中橄榄石与硫化物熔体发生明显的Fe-Ni交换反应。坡十母岩浆中橄榄石分离结晶造成的硫饱和,是坡十硫化物熔离的重要因素。橄榄石高Fo值、母岩浆高MgO、超镁铁岩中斜长石发育、矿物高结晶温度和铬尖晶石成分的弧岩浆特征显示,塔里木东北缘坡十侵入体是俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的母岩浆的产物,表现出低压高温的演化特征,其中源区熔融机制可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱提供的热源或该区大规模拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌有关。