Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Cd2+对刺参幼虫的毒性试验

为摸清重金属Ｃｕ２＋，Ｚｎ２＋，Ｐｂ２＋，Ｃｄ２＋对刺参幼虫的影响程度，于１９８６～１９８８年在威海市西港渔业公司育苗场进行了其毒性试验。１材料与方法１．１试验方法采用生物毒性试验［１，２］，根据试验持续时间和毒物浓度，分急性中毒试验和亚急性中毒试验。生物致毒的方法是接触致毒，即准确称量一定数量的ＣｕＳＯ４，ＺｎＳＯ４，Ｐｂ（ＮＯ３）２，ＣｄＳＯ４，分别配制成一定浓度的母液，然后按试验组浓度要求将母液加入不同试验组的过滤海水中，试验生物在其内培养。试验所用的过滤海水采自威海市田村小石岛海区的自然…     

单细胞藻吸收Cu2+,Zn2+,Se4+,Cd2+的扫描电镜X射线能谱分析

青岛大扁藻（Ｐｔａｔｙｔｈｏｎａ。ｈｅｉｇｏｈｎｄｌｃａ。ａ,ｔｓ。ｎｇｉｇｏ。ｓ;ｓＴｓｅｎｇｅｔＴ．Ｊ．Ｃｈａｎｇ）、。角褐指藻（Ｐｈａ。ｄａｅｔｙｌ。。ｔ,。。－ｎ。加。Ｂｏｈｌｉｎ）、湛ｕ叉鞭藻（一ｃ,ａ──ａ。切ｎｊ。ｎｇ。ｓ。Ｈｕ）、路氏巴夫藻＿Ｐａ。ｉｃ。ａｌ。ｔｉｅｒ（ＤｒｏｏＰ）Ｇｒｅｅｎｊ等单细胞藻类,是养殖对虾、扇贝、鲍、牡赈、河蟹等人工育苗中幼体的活饵料,它们的质量决定养殖动物幼体的成活率、生长速度以及抗病能力。所以单细胞藻类的营养成分、生活状态、密度是培育出具优良性状动…     

Structures and magnetic behaviours of TiO2—Mn—TiO2 multilayers

The TiO₂--Mn--TiO₂ multilayers are successfully grown on glass and silicon substrates by alternately using radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and direct current magnetron sputtering. The structures and the magnetic behaviours of these films are characterised with x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). It is shown that the multi-film consists of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO₂ with an embedded Mn nano-film. It is found that there are two turning points from ferromagnetic phase to antiferromagnetic phase. One is at 42 K attributed to interface coupling between ferromagnetic Mn₃O₄ and antiferromagnetic Mn₂O₃, and the other is at 97 K owing to the interface coupling between ferromagnetic Mn and antiferromagnetic MnO. The samples are shown to have ferromagnetic behaviours at room temperature from hysteresis in the M--H loops, and their ferromagnetism is found to vary with the thickness of Mn nano-film. Moreover, the Mn nano-film has a critical thickness of about 18.5 nm, which makes the coercivity of the multi-film reach a maximum of about 3.965times 10 ^{- 2} T.     

海水中Ca2+,Mg2+, K+含量对黑鲷胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的影响

１９９２￣１９９３年，用不同Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋和Ｋ＋含量的人工配制海水，孵化黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｅｐｈａｌｕｓ Ｂａｓｉｌｅｗｓｋｙ）受精卵，培育前期仔鱼。实验揭示了：在没有Ｃａ＾２＋的海水中不能孵出仔鱼，在没有Ｍｇ＾２＋的海水中能孵出少量畸形仔鱼；低Ｋ＾＋对黑鲷受精卵孵化无明显影响，但对早期仔鱼的影响明显。针对咸淡水域海水鱼类育苗的特点，提出了调配海水中适宜的Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋     

钪原子的自电离里德伯能级3d4s(1 D2)nf2 D3/2,3d4s(1 D2)nf2 F5/2和3d4s(1 D2)np2 D3/2的理论研究

在多通道量子亏损理论框架下,利用相对论多通道理论,分别在冻结实近似和考虑偶极极化下计算钪原子的J^π=(3/2)^-,(5/2)^-的三个收敛于 3d4s(¹D₂)的自电离里德伯系列的能级.对3d4s(¹D₂)np²D_3/2和3d4s(¹     

基于反转法的O2 -CO2 输运性质预测

采用反转法计算得到了O₂-CO₂混合气体新的势能参数.在此基础上,根据分子动力学理论,计算了混合气体在零密度下的输运性质,包括黏度系数、热扩散系数和热扩散因子,计算的温度范围为273.15—3273.15 K.与实验值比较表明,计算结果可以满足实际工程应用.     

苏北滨海湿地互花米草潮滩CO2,CH4和N2O通量的日变化规律

The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function.Yet,limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions,including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget.In this study,we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_2),methane(CH_4),and nitrous oxide(N2O) from a S.alterniflora intertidal flat in June,October,and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer,autumn,winter,and spring seasons,respectively.We found that the average CH_4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise.The tidal flat of S.alterniflora acted as a source of CH_4 in summer(June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons.We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO_2 and N_2O fluxes during the growing season(1 536.5 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 25.6 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) compared with those measured in the non-growing season(379.1 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 16.5 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)).The mean fluxes of CH_4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October.The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO_2 in June and N_2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April.However,two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO_2 and N_2O fluxes(prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April,respectively).The highest diurnal variation in the N_2O fluxes took place at 15:00(86.4 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) in June with an unimodal distribution.Water logging in October increased the emission of CO_2(especially at nighttime),yet decreased N_2O and CH_4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases.The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH_4 and CO_2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures,whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N_2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature.When N_2O and CH_4 fluxes were converted to CO_2-e equivalents,the emissions of N_2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming.The mean daily flux(MF) and total daily flux(TDF) were higher in the growing season,nevertheless,the MF and TDF of CO_2 were higher in October and those of CH_4 and N_2O were higher in June.In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period,our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.     

Nd3+ :Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12 晶场能级及拟合

Nd³⁺ :GSAG是性能优良的942 nm激光晶体.用提拉法成功生长Nd³⁺ :GSAG单晶,研究其室温透射光谱,辨认位置高达29967 cm^-1的68个Nd³⁺晶场能级.对这些能级拟合了自由离子及晶场Hamilton参量,拟合标准偏差为16.7 cm^-1,表明实验与计算能级符合很好.获得的Hamilton参量可用于计算Nd³⁺ :GSAG中Nd³⁺的     

东海Dc1和Dc2孔古地磁研究

近十多年来,随着放射性同位素断代技术的发展和古地磁极性变化资料的积累,使1969年发表的考古斯(A.Cox)古地磁极性变化年表,又在两个方面同时得到了补充和修订.     

双层钙钛矿La1.8 Ca1.2 Mn2 O7 磁性相关I-V非线性与电输运性质

采用传统固相反应法制备了双层钙钛矿结构锰氧化物La_1.8Ca_1.2Mn₂O₇陶瓷,并用X射线粉末衍射法,扫描电镜,HL5500PC Hall效应分析仪和综合物性测量系统(PPMS)对其磁、电性质进行了表征.结果表明:经过两次高温烧结可合成具有双层Sr₃Ti₂O₇型四方结构的La_1.8Ca_1.2Mn_2<     

Sb2 Te3 纳米结构的制备与表征

以室温热电性能优异的传统热电材料Sb₂Te₃为研究对象,利用化学气相沉积法制备Sb₂Te₃单晶纳米结构,并研究其生长机理.实验结果表明,不加催化剂时Sb₂Te₃易生长成六方纳米盘,在金催化剂条件下定向生长成纳米线.Sb₂Te₃的形貌与其晶体结构和生长机理有关.Sb₂Te₃为三角结构,Sb和     

TiCl4水解制备金红石型TiO2纳米粉

实验以TiCl4为主要原料，采用直接水解法制备出了TiO2样品。经差热-热重(DTA-TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和比表面(BET)分析，得出样品TiO2的晶型为金红石型，其粒子近似呈球形，各个晶面所对应的粒径基本一致，分布在7.0～12.0nm之间，平均粒径为10.5nm，对应的比表面积和孔容积分别为166m2/g和0.12mL/g。     

相变存储材料Ge1Sb2Te4和Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜的结构和电学特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法制备了两种用于相变存储器的Ge₁Sb₂Te₄和Ge₂Sb₂Te₅相变薄膜材料,对其结构、电学输运性质和恒温下电阻随时间的变化关系进行了比较和分析.X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,Ge₁Sb₂Te₄薄膜逐步晶化,由非晶态转变为多晶态,表面出现均匀的、     

北黄海夏季pCO2分布及海-气CO2通量

基于在2006年夏季北黄海收集的的高分辨率的表层CO2分压(pCO2)数据,结合水文和生物地球化学同步观测参数,探讨了夏季北黄海pCO2空间分布的控制因素。结果表明,夏季北黄海与大多数中低纬度陆架海类似,由于水温较高,表层pCO2较高(平均值为(463±41)μatm),整个海域相对大气CO2过饱和。表层pCO2分布具有明显的区域差异,辽南和鲁北近岸海域pCO2明显高于中部区域,辽南近岸的高pCO2主要与河流输入和水产养殖引起的生物好氧呼吸有关,而鲁北沿岸的高pCO2主要与烟台近岸的底层冷水涌升及由混合引起的高碳酸盐含量的黄河泥沙的再悬浮有关;在海区中部大部分水域,pCO2与温度之间有较好的相关性,说明温度是这一区域pCO2分布较为重要的控制因子。另外,采用Wannikhof的海-气气体交换系数估计了北黄海夏季海-气CO2通量,结果表明整个北黄海是大气CO2的源,平均释放速率为(4.00±0.57)mmol.m-2.d-1,高于南黄海夏季海-气CO2通量。     

CdTe太阳电池前电极SnO2 :F/SnO2复合薄膜性能分析

减薄CdS窗口层是提高CdS/CdTe太阳电池转换效率的有效途径之一,减薄窗口层会对器件造成不利的影响,因此在减薄了的窗口层与前电极之间引入过渡层非常必要.利用反应磁控溅射法在前电极SnO₂:F薄膜衬底上制备未掺杂的SnO₂薄膜形成过渡层,并将其在N₂/O₂=4 ∶1,550 ℃环境进行了30 min热处理,利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外分光光度计对复合薄膜热处理前后的形貌、结构、光学性能进行了表征,同时分析了复     

双层反铁磁体K3 Cu2 F7 中轨道序驱动的自旋二聚化

基于自旋-轨道-晶格Hamilton量,应用团簇自洽场方法,研究了双层钙钛矿结构材料K₃Cu₂F₇基态的晶格、磁及轨道结构,发现近孤立的双层的对称破缺和Jahn-Teller晶格畸变使得Cu²⁺离子在每层内交替占据 z²-x²〉/ z²-y²〉轨道,进而导致双层的层间表现为强的反铁磁耦合,层内为弱的铁磁耦合.强反铁磁耦合导致层间     

BaFe0.4 Sn0.6 O3 /BaBiO3负温度系数复合热敏陶瓷阻抗分析

以BaBiO₃为导电相,BaFe_0.4Sn_0.6O₃为高阻相,采用固态反应法制备了不同BaBiO₃含量的BaFe_0.4Sn_0.6O₃/BaBiO₃负温度系数(NTC)热敏复合陶瓷.为获得在渗流阈值(即BaBiO₃含量为12 mol%)前后复合陶瓷的内部导电机理,对复合陶瓷进行了阻抗分析.分     

Cr4+ :Ca2 GeO4激光晶体生长及结构表征

采用助熔剂法,以CaCl₂为助熔剂,生长Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄新型近红外可调谐激光晶体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、激光Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对晶体进行结构表征.结果表明,得到的晶体为单斜晶系镁橄榄石结构的低温γ-Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄单晶,晶格参数为a=5.3209 (1 =0.1 nm)     

CHANGES ON EEG DURING SIMULATED N2-O2 SATURATION DIVING

During N2-O2 simulated saturation at a depih of 36.5 m the frequency, amplitude and index of a waves decreased and the activities of β and θ wave increased on the EEGs at rest. After the pressure was decompressed to normal, they could recover to the predive level. During the air excursion diving at depths of 60 and 70 m , the paramenters of EEG approximated to those of N2-O2 exposure. But at that time of the air excursion diving at a depth of 75 m they appeared the maximum. This showed that the changes related to the nitrogen partial pressure. There was an increase in slow waves during the simulated N2-O2 saturation. The activities of slow wave decreased on the EEGs in case of hyperventilation. The photic scimulation to the eyes caused the slow wave to disappear, and a rhythm could recover temporarily. When the photic stimulation was over the slow rhythm reappeared on the EEG. All the changes in EEG indicated that the encephalon function of the human body showed a gradual adaptation process during the     

Bi2 Te3 合金低温热电性能及冷能发电研究

利用机械合金化和冷压烧结法制备得到n型和p型Bi₂Te₃基热电材料,在80—300 K温度范围测量了电导率、Seebeck系数,结果表明其具有良好的低温热电性能.采用Bi₂Te₃基热电材料制备出半导体热电器件,并配合附属设备搭建出一套半导体温差发电装置.利用液氮汽化时释放的冷能,对半导体热电器件的发电性能进行实验研究,得出这种半导体热电器件输出电压、输出功率与电流关系式,测得最大的输出功率达到1.33 W,从而证明了冷