共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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速度在地震勘探中十分重要,压制多次波、偏移成像和地震反演都需要准确的速度模型。为了高效和准确的获取速度模型,基于时间域精细速度建模方法,利用疑似含气区的二维多道地震资料,针对初始模型、层位约束和基于人工速度拾取的速度反演3个方面开展了试验,探讨实际资料中时间域精细速度建模方法的关键点和效果。试验表明:无需人工速度拾取,时间域精细速度建模能够实现浅地层速度的准确反演,进而高效地完成浅地层速度异常的识别;层位约束能提高速度建模的效率和精度;在地层结构复杂区域,人工速度拾取有利于时间域精细速度建模。 相似文献
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海洋工程勘察中,中浅地层剖面是一种应用广泛的调查设备,其具有便携性、高效率、高主频和高分辨率的特点。实际调查中,随机噪音、多次波等问题严重降低了地层剖面资料的信噪比和分辨率,同时,现场作业对海况的依赖性很强。本文从中浅地层剖面的野外采集设备和室内资料处理方面分析,提出立体震源、多道接收系统、带通滤波、预测反褶积和相关滤波等方法。立体震源拓宽了地层剖面资料的频带,获得了更深的剖面和更高的分辨率;多道接收系统使中浅地层剖面数据由单道变为多道,有利于室内资料处理;对于目前主流的单道中浅地层剖面数据,首先要识别噪音的来源和特征,再通过增益、带通滤波、涌浪校正,预测反褶积等方法来处理,最后获取的高质量地层剖面资料一定是各种方法的综合使用和多次试验的结果。 相似文献
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为了解浅部地层结构,探测地层属性,查明海底障碍物的分布情况、海域灾害地质情况(如浅层气、滑坡等),经济性、高效性、方便性、分辨率高的浅地层剖面测量得到越来越广泛地应用。在浅地层剖面测量野外施工时常会遇到各种各样的干扰,这些干扰严重影响着资料的质量,增加室内处理的难度,影响解释的准确性。以浅地层剖面测量实际资料为基础,介绍了海流、船速、机械、海况等野外施工时常见的干扰因素及声学特征,并对消除或减弱这些干扰的一些方法进行了分析和比较,针对上述几种典型情况提出了测量作业时减少干扰的建议,如:选择较好的天气条件下作业、控制船速在4~5 kn、远离干扰源等。本文的研究结果能够提高对干扰因素的认识和识别,为获得高质量的资料打好基础。 相似文献
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为探讨浅地层剖面声学影像形成原理,探索不同类型沉积物声学影像特征,厘清不同沉积物厚度的识别算法,采用模块化设计理念研发一套新型浅地层剖面仪室内试验平台。综合室内定位技术、浅剖试验平台尺寸合理性分析技术、直线轨道与换能器之间的固定连接技术和海底声学参数反演技术,形成一个试验高效的新型平台。通过铺设沉积物和布设障碍物,利用浅地层剖面仪进行走航测试,精确识别了沉积物的厚度和障碍物的位置。该平台可为开展理想环境下沉积物厚度和障碍物识别提供较好的测试环境,为声学海洋设备性能检测提供测试平台,也为高校学生和技术人员提供设备使用培训场所。 相似文献
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边坡稳定是淤泥质海底航道安全运营的关键问题之一。海底航道边坡失稳滑塌过程的不同阶段浅地层剖面图像声纹特征不同。采用灰度共生矩阵和小波多尺度分解方法分析了航道边坡失稳滑塌过程浅地层剖面图像纹理特征。结果表明,对比度、能量、相关度和逆差距在边坡失稳滑塌过程中具有明显的差异,分别从不同方面刻画了浅地层剖面图像声纹的清晰度、纹理粗细、主要方向和规则性,以定量的形式显示其内在异质性。能量、相关度和逆差距的水平和垂直方向变化大于对角方向,水平方向波动最明显。浅地层剖面声强时间序列和垂向空间变化序列小波多尺度分解突出了声强变化的局部细节及其在各尺度上变化的强弱分布和突变点位置,克服了常规人工识读的困难,这些声纹特征是边坡失稳滑塌预测预警的重要依据,有助于对海底航道边坡稳定性的探测。 相似文献
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本文引入RNN的升级算法LSTM神经网络技术,建立了一套海量数据、高精度的自动拾取地震资料初至流程。相比于其他神经网络方法,LSTM神经网络能够提取数据的时序特征,加强学习初至前噪音时序特征,从而提高初至拾取的精度,为地震资料的初至拾取提供一套新的思路。首先设计样本制作过程并建立、训练模型,通过模拟资料验证方法的有效性,应用于胜利油田浅海与西部山地地震勘探资料的初至拾取,取得理想效果,证明LSTM神经网络初至拾取具有较高的精度与适用性。 相似文献
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A remote sediment classification technique based on attenuation measurements from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data is described. This differs from previously published work in that attenuation measurements are obtained for each stratigraphic unit within a complex, thinly interbedded sedimentary sequence. Compressional wave attenuation measurements are obtained for a wide variety of lithologies, including muds, silts, sands, clayey sands, silty clays and gravel lags, with grain sizes ranging from 8 Phi to -4 Phi. In addition, attenuation measurements from sub-bottom profiler data were calibrated against laboratory acoustic measurements of vibracores and seabed samples from corresponding geographic locations, under simulated in-situ conditions using a Pulse Tube method. We adapt an instantaneous frequency matching method using a causal attenuation filter to model the decay of the Chirp transmitted waveform. From this modelling, a relationship between t* (a causal attenuation operator) and change in instantaneous frequency is established. The Hilbert transform is used to extract instantaneous frequency information from Chirp seismic, which is used to derive attenuation information for selected individual stratigraphic layers imaged by the sub-bottom profiler. This paper draws attention to the limitations in comparing attenuation measurements derived from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data against previously published literature on experimental attenuation measurements, which are limited by the wide variance of these data, and the difficulty in finding a meaningful best fit to these data. This demonstrates the importance of calibrating remote sediment classification observations using complimentary acoustic analysis of seabed samples to generate a site-specific geoacoustic database. A positive correlation between laboratory and sub-bottom profiler attenuation measurements was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Poorly sorted gravels with a mixed lithic and biogenic pebble component are characterised by very high attenuation with values of Q from 4 to 19. These sediments are considerably coarser-grained than those typically described in previously published experimental studies. 相似文献
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With the presence of wind waves, the swaying of survey vessel may effect the quality of sub-bottom profiler records and, therefore, it is necessary to correct the distortions induced by wave action. A major issue is to distinguish wind wave effect and real bedforms such as sand waves. In this paper, a bandstop filter is designed according to the frequency features of wind wave effect to treat the distortion of seabed topography by wind waves. The technique is used to correct the sub-bottom profile in order to eliminate the wave-induced distortions for the sub-bottom profile records from the Yangtze Estuary. This study shows that the undulate seabed record is resulted from wave action, rather than the presence of sand waves, and the filtration technique helps to eliminate the wave effect and recover the real morphology of seabed and the sediment sequence underneath. In addition, a method for data processing is proposed for the case that the record indeed represents a combination of wave effects and real bedforms. 相似文献