青海达日断裂中段构造活动与地貌发育的响应关系探讨

青海达日地区发育了多条晚第四纪活动断裂带,以NW—NNW向和近SN向为主。通过航卫片解译和野外实地调查发现,达日断裂中段晚第四纪新活动性尤为显著,其性质以左旋走滑为主,至今部分地段仍保存了清晰的1947年达日7级地震地表破裂带,其破裂样式具有分段性和多样性,反映了局部构造应力的差异。达日地区作为典型的活动构造区,是研究新构造运动与地貌响应的理想场所。因此,文中采用ASTER GDEM V2数据提取了该地区的水系网络和亚流域盆地参数,计算了亚流域盆地面积-高程积分曲线和积分值(HI值),讨论了其构造活动性及地貌响应的关系。区内黄河的6个亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分曲线形态分析结果表明,这6个亚流域盆地均处于地貌演化阶段的"壮年期",其演化过程表现出很好的同步性,反映了区域性构造隆升或沉降作用的总体结果。而且,区内亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分值(HI值)分布特征表明,HI低值分布与第四纪断陷盆地和河谷盆地范围相一致,反映了局部不同构造沉降和侵蚀作用的结果;HI高值则主要出现在达日地震地表破裂带由NWW向NW转向的部位,以及早侏罗世与晚三叠世花岗闪长岩体分布的地方,也很好地反映了局部构造作用的变化和地层岩性的差异。     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.     

成都平原内汶川Ms8.0级地震的地表变形

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级大地震发生在青藏高原东缘龙门山推覆构造带上,除映秀—北川断裂、灌县—江油断裂上各形成240 km和72 km 长的地表破裂带外,可能在成都平原西部的什邡市师古镇附近形成一条弱地表破裂带.成都平原内的地震地表破裂带与龙门山区的2条地震破裂带构成倾向北西的叠瓦状逆断裂地震地表破裂系统.野外调查发现,师古镇南肖家院—庆云庵建筑物严重破坏带、水渠跌水、地表褶皱、喷砂和地裂缝带走向30°,延伸长度约7.5 km.探槽开挖表明,地表地震褶皱陡坎下的地层发生弯曲变形,汶川地震使断层上盘的地面和最新地层褶皱隆起0.2 m.TC2探槽中的粘土层底面褶皱隆起0.4 m,它可能记录到汶川地震之前另外一次与汶川地震大小相当的古地震事件.浅层地震勘探资料表明,平原区出现地震地表破裂的位置不仅存在晚更新世活动断裂,而且伴生有第四纪活动褶皱.     

龙门山断裂带西南端地壳电性结构

在龙门山断裂带中段于2008年5月12日发生了汶川M_S 8.0地震,5a之后于2013年4月20日在其西南侧即龙门山断裂带SW段发生了芦山M_S 7.0地震。而在汶川地震前,沿龙门山断裂带主体部分存在7a间未发生4.0级以上地震的相对平静期。因此,汶川地震后人们研究了龙门山断裂带的地壳结构及其与汶川地震的成因关系,仅仅相隔5a时间,就在龙门山断裂带的SW段发生了芦山地震,其深部结构和孕震环境以及与汶川地震的关系又成为人们关注的热点科学问题。为了研究龙门山断裂带西南端附近的地壳结构,布置了一条穿越龙门山断裂带西南端附近的大地电磁探测剖面LS6,该剖面位于芦山地震破裂带的西南端。通过采用先进技术对大地电磁数据的分析和二维反演,发现LS6剖面与其东北侧的穿过芦山地震区汶川地震后完成的LMS4剖面的地壳电性结构既有相似性,但也存在明显的差别,其电性结构更复杂。研究表明,尽管2008年发生了汶川地震,但是龙门山断裂带受到的西北侧松潘-甘孜地块向SE的运动和对龙门山断裂带的推挤作用,以及东南侧四川盆地的阻挡作用仍然存在,同时龙门山断裂带西南端及其附近地区的地壳结构更复杂,而且还受到其西南侧川滇地块和鲜水河断裂等变形作用的影响,因此推测芦山地震与汶川地震既是相互独立的2次地震,但也有一定关联。     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.     

2008年汶川地震中断坡-滑脱断层破裂: 龙门山挤压隆升的大地测量证据

青藏高原东缘龙门山构造隆升一直存在挤压造山模式和下地壳层流模式之争.下地壳层流模型认为,龙门山隆升与水平缩短关系不大,山前断层只是高原、盆地间差异性垂直运动的结果,高原之下无需挤压模式中的大规模水平滑脱层.本文利用近场密集的同震形变数据,约束汶川地震破裂几何特征及同震滑动分布.反演结果显示汶川地震撕裂龙门山中南段近水平滑脱层, 宽度达到60～80 km,释放能量约占总标量地震矩的12%,在16～21 km深度出现两三个滑动量高达6～7 m的破裂区.深部低角度破裂往上转为高角度逆冲,沿龙门山中央断裂以约55°倾角出露地表.汶川地震破裂的几何产状和滑移幅度表明龙门山冲断带发育大规模的近水平滑脱层,是青藏高原东缘地壳缩短增厚、龙门山挤压隆升的重要证据.     

汶川8.0级地震发震断层的累积地震位错研究

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县内发生MS8.0地震。此次地震沿龙门山中央断裂产生1条长达200km的同震地表破裂带。文中选择位于地震地表破裂带北段的南坝镇、凤凰村以及南段的映秀镇这3个地点,以被断层错断的河流阶地为研究对象,对多级阶地面上的地震地表破裂及断层陡坎地貌进行了野外实测工作。经过测量数据的计算和分析,得到了各级阶地上断层陡坎的高度,该值即为该阶地记录的地震断层的累积垂直位错量。若以本次地震的垂直位错量作为古地震位错量的均值,则可计算得到每级阶地累积的地震次数。研究结果表明,各点T1阶地形成以来仅经历过1次事件,即本次地震事件;T2阶地形成以来约经历了5次事件;T3阶地形成以来约经历了9～11次事件;T4阶地形成以来约经历了20次事件。在本文研究的基础上,结合前人的阶地测年数据,则可获得古地震复发间隔的可靠数据     

NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION

The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration. Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F₄)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)can't be ignored.     

2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因

2008年5.12汶川大地震发生在中国大陆南北地震带中段.由于龙门山断裂带历史上只发生过3次6～6¹/₂级强震,而且其晚第四纪构造活动速率很低,以至于对其潜在地震危险性认识不足.为什么在龙门山地区突发大地震,该地震具有哪些特征？其成因机制是什么？本文在地震地质科学考察的基础上,利用震前的GPS观测结果,试图对上述问题进行一些初步的思考和探讨.结果表明,5.12汶川大地震是龙门山断裂带的映秀—北川断裂突发错动的结果,地表上形成200多公里长的地表破裂带;灌县—江油断裂在地震中也发生了破裂,形成的地表破裂带长达60多公里.震前的GPS观测表明,横跨整个龙门山断裂带的滑动速率不超过～2 mm/yr,单条断裂的活动速率不超过～1 mm/yr,与地震地质研究结果和历史地震记录相一致.利用地震地质考察和地震波反演得到的最大同震位移可以获得相当于5.12汶川大地震的强震复发周期为2000～6000年.龙门山断裂带发育在破裂强度很大的变质杂岩体中,断裂带本身在剖面上呈“犁形”或“铲形”结构,有利于能量积累,形成破坏性巨大的地震.所以,5.12汶川大地震是一次低滑动速率、长复发周期和高破坏强度的巨大地震,是一种值得高度重视和深入研究的新的地震类型.     

有关1976年唐山地震发震断层的讨论

对《地震地质》刊登的两篇文章中有关唐山断裂是高角度西倾的逆冲走滑断裂及唐山市东侧付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震的发震断裂的观点进行讨论。笔者认为,如果唐山地震断层是西倾的逆冲走滑活动,需要考虑唐山逆冲断裂的活动方式与唐山市西侧第四纪凹陷之间的关系;如果付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震震源构造的地表破裂,需要解释该西倾的倾滑断裂带与唐山市内走滑地裂缝带的成因联系。此外,还需要更有说服力的证据排除该地表破裂带是次生构造破裂的可能。建议对控制草泊第四纪凹陷的活动断裂开展调查     

龙门山断裂带北段深部结构与反射地震特征

2008年5月12日汶川M_W7.9特大地震发生在龙门山断裂带,龙门山断裂带深部结构的复杂性制约了地震的破裂过程.通过对研究区区域地质、汶川地震前后采集的地震反射剖面等研究,在对龙门山北段汶川地震断裂带的深部结构和反射地震特征进行了分析的基础上,探讨了它对地表破裂过程的制约.研究结果表明,在地震剖面上,断裂带表现为能量破碎、联系性差;频率剖面上显示整体剖面频率在5~45 Hz,断裂带呈现频率低（15~26 Hz）等特征.龙门山北段映秀-北川断裂在10 km以上是一条倾向北西的高角度走滑兼逆冲性质的断裂,倾角50°~70°.它分割了西侧的轿子顶杂岩和东侧的唐王寨推覆体,错断了早期形成的逆冲岩片,从南到北总位移量由大变小.它高角度的几何形态约束了断裂以走滑为主兼逆冲分量的运动性质,降低了地表滑移量,影响了地震破裂过程以及余震沿断裂带两侧分布的特性.     

FOCAL FAULTS AND STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN 2017

On August 8, 2017, Beijing time, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter located at 33.20°N 103.82°E. The earthquake caused 25 people dead, 525 people injured, 6 people missing and 170000 people affected. Many houses were damaged to various degrees. Up to October 15, 2017, a total of 7679 aftershocks were recorded, including 2099 earthquakes of M ≥ 1.0. The M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred in the northeastern boundary belt of the Bayan Har block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where many active faults are developed, including the Tazhong Fault(the eastern segment of the East Kunlun Fault), the Minjiang fault zone, the Xueshan fault zone, the Huya fault zone, the Wenxian fault zone, the Guanggaishan-Daishan Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, the Longriuba Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. As one of the important passages for the eastward extrusion movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Tapponnier et al., 2001), the East Kunlun fault zone has a crucial influence on the tectonic activities of the northeastern boundary belt of Bayan Kala. Meanwhile, the Coulomb stress, fault strain and other research results show that the eastern boundary of the Bayan Har block still has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future. So the study of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake' seismogenic faults and stress fields is of great significance for scientific understanding of the seismogenic environment and geodynamics of the eastern boundary of Bayan Har block. In this paper, the epicenter of the main shock and its aftershocks were relocated by the double-difference relocation method and the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence was obtained. Then we determined the focal mechanism solutions of 24 aftershocks(M ≥ 3.0)by using the CAP algorithm with the waveform records of China Digital Seismic Network. After that, we applied the sliding fitting algorithm to invert the stress field of the earthquake area based on the previous results of the mechanism solutions. Combining with the previous research results of seismogeology in this area, we discussed the seismogenic fault structure and dynamic characteristics of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our research results indicated that:1)The epicenters of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence distribute along NW-SE in a stripe pattern with a long axis of about 35km and a short axis of about 8km, and with high inclination and dipping to the southwest, the focal depths are mainly concentrated in the range of 2~25km, gradually deepening from northwest to southeast along the fault, but the dip angle does not change remarkably on the whole fault. 2)The focal mechanism solution of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is:strike 151°, dip 69° and rake 12° for nodal plane Ⅰ, and 245°, 78° and -158° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the main shock type is pure strike-slip and the centroid depth of the earthquake is about 5km. Most of the focal mechanism of the aftershock sequence is strike-slip type, which is consistent with the main shock's focal mechanism solution; 3)In the earthquake source area, the principal compressive stress and the principal tensile stress are both near horizontal, and the principal compressive stress is near east-west direction, while the principal tensile stress is near north-south direction. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake is a strike-slip event that occurs under the horizontal compressive stress.     

世界上最快回应大地震的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探

2008年5月12日汶川大地震之后,在青藏高原东缘龙门山地区实施了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探,这是目前世界上最快回应大地震的科学钻探,为地学家探索地震成因机制提供了极好的机遇.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程（WFSD）沿产生同震地表破裂的两条断裂带——龙门山的映秀—北川断裂和灌县—安县断裂共实施了6口科学群钻.其目标在于对钻孔的岩心、岩屑和流体样品进行多学科观察、测试和研究,揭示汶川地震断裂带的深部物质组成、结构、产出以及构造属性;探索地震过程中的岩石物理和化学行为、能量状态与破裂演化过程;认识汶川地震发生的应力环境、巨大的地震破裂产生及传播原因、地下流体在地震的孕育、发生、停止过程中的作用,从而检验和深入理解地震断裂发震机理.目前,汶川科钻项目已取得的部分重要成果如下：（1）查明了汶川地震断裂带结构、组成;（2）揭示了汶川地震过程中"热增压"为重要断裂弱化机制,提出断裂带内石墨可作为判断大地震发生的标志;（3）发现目前世界上最低的断层摩擦系数,并首次记录到大震后断裂带快速愈合信息;（4）重建龙门山的构造格架,提出汶川大地震发生的新的成因模式;（5）通过对汶川地震余震的精确定位、钻孔附近的地震台阵观测,确定了地震活动与龙门山断裂带不同区段的空间关系;揭示断裂带深部流体特征与地震活动的关系,为确定大震孕育过程提供深部流体活动行为的科学依据.     

汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系

2008年汶川8.0级地震沿龙门山断裂带内的映秀—北川断裂和灌县—安县断裂分别形成约230 km和70 km的地表破裂带.震后地质考察研究表明,伴随地震断层出露地表的滑动面大多沿炭质泥岩和煤层发育.与1∶5万区域地质图进行对照,显示映秀—北川地震破裂带的西南段（虹口—清平段）和灌县—安县地震地表破裂带的展布与龙门山地区上三叠统须家河组煤系地层的出露范围相一致.龙门山地区的上三叠统须家河组地层中的薄煤层、炭质泥岩层以及志留系、寒武系的炭质页岩层是易于产生滑动的柔性岩层,易形成滑脱面或成岩片夹于断层带中.汶川地震产生的复杂地表破裂带是龙门山逆冲推覆构造带沿地表构造层中夹有煤层等柔性岩层的断层产生B型滑动的结果.     

龙泉山背斜的地壳缩短与隆升——来自河流阶地变形的证据

位于龙门山逆冲推覆构造带东侧的龙泉山背斜,构成了四川前陆盆地的前陆隆起。通过室内航空相片对凯江跨背斜段的地貌面的解译,结合野外考察可知凯江发育3级阶地,其中T₁、T₂为堆积阶地,T₃为基座阶地。在野外用差分GPS测量了阶地的空间坐标信息,同时采集了各级阶地堆积物的测年样本,并经实验分析约束了阶地的形成年龄。另外,对石油地震剖面解译揭示出龙泉山背斜北段地壳缩短和隆升主要是通过褶皱膝折带迁移机制进行的,滑脱层的深度约6km。利用面积守恒准则计算出龙泉山背斜晚更新世以来的地壳缩短速率约为(1.36±0.41)mm/a、隆升速率为(0.64±0.19)mm/a。通过滑脱层的推覆抬升机制形成的龙泉山背斜,给青藏高原东缘变形模式中的逆断层推覆地壳缩短造山增加了证据。     

近场位移数据约束的2013年芦山地震破裂模型及其构造意义

以往的研究显示了2013年芦山MS7.0级地震发震断层的隐伏逆冲断层基本特征,但是破裂深部细节差异较大.本文以近场密集的同震形变数据约束芦山地震破裂面几何形状及滑动分布,结果显示芦山地震破裂面具有铲状结构,上部16km为43°~50°高角度断层,深部16~25km为小于27°的低角度断层,破裂深度与重定位的余震分布深度一致.破裂分布模型清楚显示上下两个断层上各有一个滑动幅度大于0.5m的峰值破裂区,最大滑动量1.5m位于13km深处.重定位的余震分布基本都落在最大滑动量等值线外部库仑应力增加的区域.芦山地震破裂面几何形状和滑动分布特征与2008年汶川MS8.0级地震映秀—北川破裂相似,支持龙门山冲断带发育大规模的近水平滑脱层,是青藏高原东缘地壳缩短增厚、龙门山挤压隆升的重要证据.     

HOLOCENE PALAEOSEISMOLOGIC RECORD AND RUPTURE BEHAVIOR OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ON THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT

The Xianshuihe Fault, the boundary of Bayan Har active tectonic block and Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block, is one of the most active fault zones in the world. In the past nearly 300 years, 9 historical earthquakes of magnitude ≥ 7 have been recorded. Since 2008, several catastrophic earthquakes, such as Wenchuan M_S8 earthquake, Yushu M_S7.1 earthquake and Lushan M_S7 earthquake, have occurred on the other Bayan Har block boundary fault zones. However, only the Kangding M_S6.3 earthquake in 2014 was documented on the Xianshuihe Fault. Thus, the study of surface deformation and rupture behavior of large earthquakes in the late Quaternary on the Xianshuihe Fault is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of this fault, and even the entire western Sichuan region. On the basis of the former work, combined with our detailed geomorphic and geological survey, we excavated a combined trench on the Qianning segment of Xianshuihe fault zone which has a long elapse time. Charcoal and woods in the trench are abundant. 30 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events. Five events were identified in the past 9  000 years, whose ages are:8070-6395 BC, 5445-5125 BC, 4355-4180 BC, 625-1240 AD and the Qianning earthquake in 1893. The large earthquake recurrence behavior on this segment does not follow the characteristic earthquake recurrence model. The recurrence interval is 1000~2000 years in early period and in turn there is a quiet period of about 5 000 years after 4355-4180 BC event. Then it enters the active period again. Two earthquakes with surface rupture occurred in the past 1000 years and the latest two earthquakes may have lower magnitude. The left-lateral coseismic displacement of the 1893 Qianning earthquake is about 2.9m.     

DISCOVERY OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE IN JIUXI BASIN,GANSU PROVINCE

Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this region. A number of strong earthquakes even large earthquakes occurred in history and present-day. In the past, the study of active faults in the area was mostly concentrated in the northern margin fault zone of the Qilian Shan on the south side of the corridor, while the research on the interior and the north side of the corridor basin was relatively rare. We found a new fault scarp in the northern part of the Baiyanghe anticline in Jiuxi Basin in 2010. It is an earthquake surface rupture zone which has never been reported before. In this paper, we carried out palaeoearthquake trench analysis on the newly found earthquake surface rupture zone and textual research of relevant historical earthquakes data. According to the interpretation of aerial photo and satellite image and field investigation, we found the surface rupture has the length of about 5km. The rupture shows as an arc-shaped line and is preserved intact comparably. The lower terrace and the latest flood alluvial fan are offset in addition to modern gullies. By differential GPS measurement, the height of the scarp is about 0.5~0.7m in the latest alluvial fan and about 1.5m in the T₁ terrace. From the residual ruins along the earthquake rupture zone, we believe the surface rupture might be produced by an earthquake event occurring not long ago. In addition, the rupture zone locates in the area where the climate is dry and rainless and there are no human activities induced damages. These all provide an objective condition for the preservation of the rupture zone. The trench along the fault reveals that the surface rupture was formed about 1500 years ago, and another earthquake event might have happened before it. Based on the textural research on the historical earthquake data and the research degree in the area at present, we believe that the surface rupture is related to the Yumen earthquake in 365, Yumen Huihuipu earthquake in 1785 or another unrecorded historical earthquake event.     

关于芦山7.0级地震在龙门一带是否存在同震地表破裂的讨论

4.20芦山地震后,有学者在芦山县龙门乡发现一系列的线性裂缝和砖块的旋转变形等"地震地表破裂迹象",由此推测芦山—龙门一线存在隐伏逆断裂,并认为该断裂有可能是此次地震的发震断裂。因此,进一步探讨芦山—龙门一线是否存在潜在的发震断裂,无论是对研究芦山7.0级地震的发震断裂,还是对灾区的重建指导都十分重要。在龙门乡开展了地质灾害调查、跨谷地的地质剖面实测,槽探和人工地震勘探等工作。结果显示:至少在800m深度范围内,不存在芦山-龙门隐伏断裂。此带上的地裂缝等现象不是由断层位错引起,而更可能是地震动在阶地陡坎附近造成的地基或边坡效应所致。     

1985年新疆乌恰地震烈度与发震构造

１９８５年乌恰地震发生在新疆乌恰县城东南４０ｋｍ的克孜勒苏河谷中。震中烈度为Ⅸ度,地震类型为主震－余震型,余震具有波伏衰减的特征。乌恰县城和乌帕尔镇大多数房屋倒塌或遭到破坏。主震在极震区内克孜勒苏河谷阶地上产生了一条地表破裂带,其长为１５ｋｍ,宽为１００￣８００ｍ,由地震断层、挤压脊和地震裂缝组成。１９９５年乌恰地震的发震构造是卡兹克阿尔特逆掩断裂。该地震应属褶皱类型地震,这类地震产生的震害具有上