基于现场监测的抗冰平台疲劳寿命估计

基于安全寿命设计方法,根据现场监测得到的资料数据,论述了现役导管架平台冰激疲劳寿命的估算法.应用ANSYS软件建立JZ20-2MSW平台的有限元模型,计算该平台的年平均冰激疲劳损伤,从而得到剩余疲劳寿命,为平台的维修、报废等决策提供了依据.     

冰区自升式平台桩腿动强度的安全评估

应用ANSYS软件建立了自升式平台和冰相互作用的数学仿真模型,对自升式平台进行了动力分析和桩腿的极限强度和疲劳强度校核。应用本模型对渤海某自升式平台桩腿进行的强度校核和不同海冰参数下平台桩腿的冰激疲劳损伤实例分析表明,本文的研究结果为自升式平台冰激疲劳设计提供了一个有效的方法,并为自升式平台在冰区的使用提供了依据。     

渤海抗冰导管架平台失效模式分析

基于多个现役结构的监测数据,对渤海抗冰导管架平台的动力失效进行了分析。结果显示,渤海抗冰导管架平台属于典型的柔性抗冰结构,存在比较显著的冰激振动现象,冰振不仅能引起显著的导管架管结点疲劳应力,还会激起较大的甲板加速度响应,引起作业人员与上部设施的疲劳问题。     

抗冰导管架平台冰激疲劳寿命估计

基于安全寿命设计理论,论述了抗冰平台冰激疲劳寿命估计的方法,给出了谱分析和时间域分析方法的内容和流程,其中疲劳冰荷载和冰疲劳环境模型是冰激疲劳估计的两个关键问题。基于渤海冰情和冰荷载连续多年现场观测数据,初步建立了渤海JZ20-2海域海冰疲劳环境模型和锥体结构冰力谱,并利用谱分析方法,对新建的JZ20-2NW平台进行了详细冰激疲劳估计。此方法对抗冰平台的安全评估与动力分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Mitigation of Ice-Induced Vibrations for Offshore Platforms Using Tuned Mass Damper

The problems of ice-induced vibration have been noticed and concerned since the 1960s, but it has not been well resolved. One reason is that the dynamic interaction between ice and structure is so complicated that practical ice force model has not been developed. The recent full-scale tests conducted on jacket platforms in the Bohai Sea presented that ice could cause intense vibrations which endanger the facilities on the deck and make discomfort for the crew. In this paper, the strategy of mitigation of ice-induced offshore structure vibration is discussed. Based on field observations and understanding of the interaction between ice and structure, the absorption mitigation method to suppress ice-induced vibration is presented. The numerical simulations were conducted for a simplified model of platform attached with a Tuned Mass Danlper （TMD） under ice force function and ice force time history. The simulation results show that TMD can fa- vorably reduce ice-induced vibrations, therefore, it can be considered to be an alternative approach to utilize. Finally, the application possibilities of utilizing TMDs on other miniature offshore structures in ice-covered areas of marginal oil fields are discussed.     

Fatigue Crack Propagation in Steel A131 Under Ice Loading of Crushing,Bending and Buckling

Three types of ice loading, which are most commonly present when ice acts on structures, are chosen and simulated for use of fatigue crack propagation tests on offshore structural steel A131. The three types of ice categorized in accordance with the failure modes when acting on structures called crushing ice, bending ice, and buckling ice, respectively. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of widely used high strength steel A131 for offshore jackets in the loading environment of ice crushing, bending, and buckling. The test results of fatigue crack propagation in steel A131 under these simulated ice loading at temperature 292K. are presented and analyzed in detail in this paper. The amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor is optimized to be the fundamental parameter of fatigue crack propagation for all types of ice loading histories. The results are also compared with constant amplitude fatigue crack propagation conclusions as in wave loa     

Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Ice-Induced Displacement Responses of Offshore Fixed Platforms

—On the basis of ice-induced forced vibration model,ice-induced displacement responses ofoffshore fixed platforms are investigated in both time domain and frequency domain.The relationships ofice-induced displacement responses with ice breaking modes,ice acting directions and platform structuresare analyzed and determined.The results lead to an important conclusion obtained for the first time thatice breaking frequency and the natural frequency of the first mode of the platform are the two main fac-tors that dominate the degree of vibration.The present work provides a firm basis for both design and op-eration of fixed platforms against ice loading.     

Dynamic Ice-Induced Responses of Offshore Fixed Platforms

The dynamic responses of offshore fixed platforms under ice loads are analysed in this paper. The responses calculated include the displacement and the hot spot stresses on the basis of a dynamic equation of ice-induced forced vibration for offshore structures. The results obtained can be cited and used for the design and operation of offshore fixed platforms against ice loading.     

Ice Induced Low Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation in Offshore Structural Steel A131

To investigate the low temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of offshore structuralsteel A131 under random ice loading,three ice failure modes that are commonly present in the Bohai Gulfare simulated according to the vibration stress responses induced by real ice loading.The test data are pro-cessed by a universal software FCPUSL developed on the basis of the theory of fatigue crack propagationand statistics.The fundamental parameter controlling the fatigue crack propagation induced by randomice loading is determined to be the amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor K_(arm).The test resultsare presented on the crack propagation diagram where the crack growth rate da/dN is described as thefunction of K_(arm).It is evident that the ice failure modes have great influence on the fatigue crack propaga-tion behavior of the steel in ice-induced vibration.However,some of the experimental phenomena and testresults are hard to be physically explained at present.The work in this paper is an init     

自升式平台冰激动力响应分析

应用ANSYS软件建立了平台和冰相互作用的有限元模型,构建了自升式平台的冰激振动模型,并计算基于2种冰力模型的自升式平台的动力响应。此动力分析方法具有建模方便和计算精度高的特点。以某自升式平台为例,计算了冰和平台结构相互作用的耦合效应,为自升式平台冰激振动安全评估提供了参考依据。     

冰激振动及冰荷载动力特性的试验研究

回顾了解决海冰引起结构振动分析方法的要求，通过室内冰力模型试验得出了冰激振动的重要参数－冰力频率，幅值的特性。研究表明，在低冰速时，冰力频率与冰速对冰厚之比呈线性关系；高冰速时，冰力步与冰速对冰厚之比呈现恒定性，文章还根据试验数据以及统计分析，推荐了冰力幅值计算公式和取值范围。     

锥体导管架海洋平台冰激振动的DEM-FEM耦合分析及高性能算法

在寒区海域,冰荷载是影响海洋平台安全运行的主要环境荷载之一,由其引起的冰激振动给平台结构及其上部设备带来了严重危害。为分析不同冰况下平台的振动响应,本文建立了导管架海洋平台冰激振动的离散元（DEM）-有限元（FEM）耦合模型。采用具有黏接-破碎性能的等粒径球体离散单元对海冰的破碎特性进行模拟,通过由梁单元构建的海洋平台有限元模型获得结构的振动响应。在离散元与有限元的接触区域中实现了两个模型间计算参数的传递。为提高该耦合模型的计算效率和规模,发展了基于动力子结构方法的DEM-FEM耦合模型。为验证该耦合模型的有效性和可行性,将不同冰况下得到的冰荷载与ISO19906和JTS 144-1-2010标准进行了对比。结果表明,计算得到的冰荷载与标准相近,且冰厚与冰荷载呈二次非线性关系。同时,从冰速和冰厚两方面对比了渤海四桩腿JZ20-2 MUQ锥体导管架平台冰激振动加速度的数值结果和现场实测数据,发现冰速与振动加速度呈线性关系,冰厚与振动加速度呈二次非线性关系,并且振动加速度与冰速和冰厚平方的乘积呈线性关系。     

海上风电单桩式支撑结构冰激振动及参数敏感性分析

针对渤海湾某风电场的海上固定式风机支撑结构,采用适用于大直径单桩结构的PSI曲线模拟桩土相互作用,并采用SACS软件建立支撑结构的动力分析模型。首先对支撑结构进行模态分析;其次考虑海冰结构的随机振动作用模式,根据适用于渤海湾的随机冰力谱构造随机冰载荷时程曲线,基于半耦合的时域方法,采用SACS软件对支撑结构进行冰激振动分析,输出塔筒顶部加速度、单桩基底剪力及倾覆力矩等响应参数的时程曲线和响应功率谱;最后针对冰厚、冰速和海冰强度等海冰参数对支撑结构的冰激振动进行敏感性分析。研究结果表明,在随机振动模式下,冰载荷及结构动力响应对冰厚和海冰强度较为敏感,在进行冰激振动分析时应合理确定冰厚和海冰强度等参数。     

Some Recent Advances on Ice Related Problems in Offshore Engineering

This paper deals with several hot topics in ice related problems.In recent years,advances havebeen made on ice breaking modes,dynamic ice loads on offshore structures.ice-induced structural vibra-tions,fatigue and fracture by ice-structure interaction,and design of jackets in the Bohai Gulf.     

Major challenges of offshore platforms design for shallow water oil and gas field in moderate ice conditions

Offshore engineers and scientists face fascinating economical and technical challenges in designing offshore platforms for shallow water oil and gas fields in moderate ice conditions. Petroleum production systems in these ice-infested areas such as the Bohai Bay of China, Cook Inlet, Barent Sea, and Caspian Sea must be designed to accommodate the harsh environmental conditions, among which the first-year sea ice is one of the major design consideration. Extreme ice loads and ice-induced vibrations still remain an area of uncertainty in offshore platforms. This paper demonstrates the main technical aspects on the use of jackets in the Bohai Bay, with particular focus on ice loads and the failure modes of slender ice-resistant structures, which are the two key issues in design considerations. A design proposal and some considerations for economical ice-resistant structures for safe development in the cold region are also conceptually discussed.     

Reliability Analysis of Ice-Induced Fatigue and Damage in Offshore Engineering Structures

—In Bohai Gulf,offshore and other installations have collapsed by sea ice due to the fatigueand fracture of the main supporting components in the ice environments.In this paper presented are someresults on fatigue reliability of these structures in the Gulf by investigating the distributions of iceparameters such as its floating direction and speed,sheet thickness,compressive strength,ice forces on thestructures,and hot spot stress in the structure.The low temperature,ice breaking modes and componentfatigue failure modes are also taken into account in the analysis of the fatigue reliability of the offshorestructures experiencing both random ice loading and low temperatures.The results could be applied to thedesign and operation of offshore platforms in the Bohai Gulf.     

An Integrated Approach to Fatigue Life Prediction of Whole System for Offshore Platforms

The failure of one or even more components usually does not lead to the collapse of the whole structure. Most of the analysis of fatigue is centered on only a single component which the researchers are interested in or much attention should be paid to. However, the collapse of a structure is the result of failure of a series of components in a specific order or path. This paper proposes an integrated approach to fatigue life prediction of whole structural system for offshore platforms, mainly describing the basic principles and prediction method. A method is presented for determining the failure path of the whole structure system and calculating the fatigue life in the determined failure path. The corresponding final collapse criteria for the whole structure system are discussed. A simple method of equivalent fatigue stress range calculation and a mathematical model of structural component fatigue life estimation in consideration of sea wave and sea ice loads are provided. As an application of the propo     

海冰对海浪影响研究综述

受全球气候变化的影响,极区海浪尤其是北极海浪在过去几十年发生了显著的变化,使得海冰边缘区海冰与海浪的相互作用愈发显著。本文从物理海洋学的角度出发,较系统地总结了海冰对海浪作用研究的国内外现状,从理论和实测的角度分别探讨了海冰对海浪能量的耗散及其引起的波动频散关系的变化,同时分析了当前海冰覆盖海域海浪的数值模拟与现场观测研究,指出了未来开展有冰海域海浪数值模拟与预报所面临的主要问题,并对该方向今后的研究做出展望。总体来看,尽管海冰对海浪作用的机理复杂且与海冰类型高度相关,但是海冰对海浪能量的衰减与传播距离基本呈指数关系,并且海冰会一定程度上影响海浪的传播速度。未来依然需要更多不同海冰类型下海浪的观测数据以开展进一步的机理分析、模型检验和参数校准,进而实现高精度的业务化预报。     

作用于平台桩腿的海冰屈曲破坏冰压力随机过程模型及其参数确定

冰对结构的作用过程是典型的随机过程。本文在冰压力过程为平稳过程的假设下，从渤海海冰对平台桩腿作用的大量实测冰压力数据中，选取了２１条冰屈曲破坏时的冰压力时程曲线，对它们进行谱分析后，得到了单点冰屈曲破坏的压力随机过程的谱密度，并确定了谱参数及其跟环境要素的关系，依据文献［１］中冰压力沿圆柱面的空间分布，建立了绕桩腿的冰压力随机场模型，并得到了作用于桩腿的总冰力随机过程及其谱密度。本文的研究成果为平台结构冰激随机振动和疲劳累积损伤分析提供了荷载基础     

Model Test Study on Ice-Induced Vibrations of Compliant Multi-Cone Structures

For the study on the ice-induced vibration of a compliant mono-cone structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2006.In these tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to be failed in two-time breaking.Based on this important finding,model tests study of the ice force on a compliant multi-cone structure were performed from 2006 to 2007.in these tests,the ice sheet broke before each single cone non-simultaneously.The exciting energy of the total ice force was found to be in a wide range of frequencies,and the structure can be easily excited with nonlinear resonance.