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日本Mw9.0强震的高频GPS形变波特征初探

利用高频GPS数据长基线双差精密定位技术,获取2011年3月日本Mw9.0强震近场和远场GPS连续参考站的瞬时动态形变。分析表明：距震源较近的IGS站（USUD）的同震动态形变水平方向幅度超过60 cm,震后水平形变达到30 cm;位于远场的GPS连续参考站（JLYJ）的动态形变,清晰地给出了地震面波引起的地表形变波形。对JLYJ站的谱分析表明,地震面波引起的动态形变周期为10～17 s,并出现了两次峰值,东西向和垂向上的动态位移量远大于北南向,说明JLYJ站的形变主要由Rayleigh波及其谐波所主导,Rayleigh波的传播速度为3.5 km/s,波长约50 km。     

Application of Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration in rugged seabed

Strong fluctuation of seabed, abrupt variation in depth and dip of seabed bring seismic imaging problems, such as irregular reflection waves, obvious multiple waves, serious lateral wave development, poor imaging on base surface and depression structure, low signal-to-noise ratio of middle and deep layers. In this paper, Gaussian beam migration imaging method is used to analyze the imaging effect of rugged seabed in deep water area, and the ray tracing method of wavefront construction method is used to analyze the kinematic characteristics of seismic waves. By improving the design of seismic data acquisition and observation system, imaging quality of fine structures is improved.     

2013-12-16巴东MS5.1地震前后波速比异常特征

利用2008～2021年地震观测报告提取巴东周边小震纵横直达波走时数据,分别采用单台多震、单震多台和达法计算波速比,分析波速比在2013年巴东M_S5.1地震前后的时空演化特征。结果表明：1）巴东地震前震中东西两侧8个台站的单台波速比出现不同程度的下降-回升异常变化;2）巴东地震周边地区多台波速比在震前经历了2 a下降-2 a回升的变化过程,与单台波速比结果相似;3）多台波速比空间演化图像显示,巴东地震前2 a波速比低值集中分布在震中周边区域,震后该区波速比回升至高值。     

珊溪水库地震波速比时空分布特征

选取P波、S波到时差Δt≤14s的台站数据,使用多台和达法计算珊溪水库地震序列地震波速比,结合地震序列的时空分布特征和发震构造,分析序列的波速比时空分布特征。1)珊溪水库90%的地震波速比分布在1.66~1.75,波速比平均值为1.70;2)珊溪水库地震序列包含有多组地震活动,每组地震的波速比呈开始快速下降之后缓慢上升的变化,每两组地震之间的波速比呈现逐渐增大的趋势,其波速比的变化特征可以归纳为"下降-回升-发生一组地震";3)波速比的变化和震中位置的迁移有一定关系,地震迁移到新的位置时最初几次地震的波速比较大,随后波速比逐渐减小;4)波速比沿深度方向和双溪-焦溪垟断裂方向分布不均匀,位于水库淹没区的双溪-焦溪垟断裂西北段波速比较小,位于水库库岸的双溪-焦溪垟断裂东南段波速比在深度方向上的变化最复杂,存在两个高、低值相间的区域,4级以上地震均发生在这一段5~8km深度处的波速比高、低值过渡区域。     

Modeling of low-frequency seismic waves in a shallow sea using the staggered grid difference method

Elastic waves in the seabed generated by low-frequency noise radiating from ships are known as ship seismic waves and can be used to detect and identify ships.To obtain the propagation characteristics of ship seismic waves,an algorithm for calculating seismic waves at the seafl oor is presented based on the staggered-grid fi nite diff erence method.The accuracy of the algorithm was tested by comparison with analytical solutions.Numerical simulation of seismic waves generated by a low-frequency point sound source in a typical shallow sea environment was carried out.Using various source frequencies and locations in the numerical simulation,we show that the seismic waves in the near fi eld are composed mostly of transmitted S-waves and interface waves while transmitted P-waves are weak near the seafl oor.However,in the far fi eld,the wave components of the seismic wave are mainly normal modes and interface waves,with the latter being relatively strong in the waveforms.As the source frequency decreases,the normal modes become smaller and the interface waves dominate the time series of the seismic waves.     

黑龙江地区上地幔各向异性研究

采用黑龙江数字地震台网2012-01～2014-07间23个宽频带地震台站记录的远震SKS波形资料,利用Splitlab 软件对黑龙江地区进行剪切波分裂的分析研究,使用最小能量法、旋转相关法和最小特征值法计算所有观测台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的延迟时间,最终得到黑龙江省上地幔各向异性图像。结果显示,黑龙江地区上地幔地震各向异性比较明显,快波偏振方向与主张应力方向基本一致,与GPS得出的速度场方向相符,说明该地区的壳幔耦合可能存在垂直连贯性。     

苏鲁超高压变质带地震波场特征及地震资料处理

中国通常人们认为地震勘探在变质岩地区可能得不到有用的反射,地震资料会难以处理和解释。以实例分析苏鲁超高压变质带的地震波场特征,并介绍一条测线纵波地震资料处理的过程,说明超高压变质带在有破碎带、韧性剪切带和大的岩体界面的情况下用适当的采集方法和资料处理方法,有可能得到可以解释的地震反射资料,并对超高压变质带地震资料所反映的地质现象作了部分解释。     

基于全球分布的地震观测数据估计0S0模态的特征频率及品质因子

选取2011-03-11日本MW9.3地震后全球地震台站记录的约220 h波形数据，基于一定的判断准则，筛选出质量较高的448个垂向观测数据，采用频域AR方法对0S0模态的特征频率和品质因子进行估值，并以信噪比为权重进行加权平均，得到特征频率f=0.814 658 4±5.3×10-7，品质因子Q=5 586±12。该结果与已有研究成果相比精度更高，有助于约束现有地球介质密度和衰减模型，使其更接近真实地球。     

高频GPS动态监测地表形变的试验与研究

设计了位移形变模拟试验场并进行位移形变模拟试验,利用Bernese 5.0软件的单历元单点定位功能,处理并分析了位移模拟形变试验获取的1 Hz GPS数据.并以2008年5月12日汶川地震为例,获取了震中附近3个GPS站(成都、简阳和郫县)震前的短临位移过程及震后短时间的动态时变序列,结果显示各站的形变结果在时间上具有很好的一致性.利用动态时序的地震波到时和震中距离估计地震波地壳平均速度为3.17 km/s.     

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