贵州碳酸盐建造中热矿水有关成分的相关特征及其成因探讨

根据对贵州碳酸盐建造中有代表性的地下热矿水中有关组分和水质数据即水温、矿化度、SiO_2、Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、(Ca~(2+)+SO_4~(2-))、Sr~(2+)和F~-的化学分析结果,本文进行了统计线性回归分析,指出热矿水中这些组分之间有显著的或一定的正相关关系;而且,此种相关特征在有成因联系的同一地区(如石阡地区)的相类同的赋水构造和建造中的热矿水之间表现得更为显著。根据热矿水形成的水—岩作用和成分形成,讨论了有关组分的来源、存在形式及组分对(如Sr~(2+)—SO_4~(2-))正相关特征的形成机理。指出锶型饮用天然矿泉水应是矿化度、SO_4~(2-)含量等适中的热矿水。     

广西防城区地下水水化学特征及离子来源分析

查明防城区地下水水化学特征及主要离子来源,对该地区地下水资源保护和开发利用具有重要意义。以防城区地下水为研究对象,通过分析水化学组分和氢氧同位素特征,研究地下水水化学特征,确定补给来源,识别其主要组分的物质来源。研究结果表明:研究区地下水水化学类型主要为HCO_3-Mg·Ca型、SO_4·Cl-Ca·Mg型和SO_4·Cl-Na型,阳离子以Ca~(2+)和Na~+为主,阴离子以HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)为主。同位素分析显示,研究区地下水以大气降水补给为主。Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解,而高位养殖、农业活动、工业排污等导致地下水中SO_4~(2-)、Na~+、K~+、Cl~-、NO_3~-含量增加。     

毕节市北部岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征

我国西南地区赋存丰富的岩溶水资源,这些水资源是当地居民生产生活用水的主要来源。以贵州省毕节市北部海子街镇及其邻区岩溶地下水为研究对象,通过分析常规水化学组分和氢氧同位素,确定研究区岩溶水的补给特征,识别岩溶水主要组分的物质来源和判断发生的水岩相互作用过程。结果显示:研究区地下水水化学类型主要为HCO_3—Ca型、HCO_3·SO_4—Ca型和HCO_3—Ca·Mg型。阴离子以HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)为主,而阳离子以Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,部分水样N_3O~-和SO2-4含量偏高。氢氧同位素分析显示,研究区地下水以当地大气降水补给为主。补给入渗的大气降水与碳酸盐岩、石膏和盐岩矿物发生反应致使岩溶水化学组分以HCO-3、SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)为主,而生活污水、农业药物和采矿活动导致地下水中NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)含量增加。相应成果可为当地地下水资源的开发和管理提供科学依据。     

典型华北型煤矿区主要充水含水层水文地球化学特征及控制因素

地下水形成、演化过程中控制因素不同所造成的水化学组分的差异性是矿井涌水水源识别的基础,为揭示矿井主要充水含水层水化学作用及控制因素,以位于太行山东麓的典型华北型煤矿区——鹤壁矿区为研究对象,采用统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子相关性分析与主成分分析法对矿区122个地下水水化学资料进行了分析研究。结果表明鹤壁矿区主要充水含水层中地下水的化学组分主要受岩石的风化作用控制。奥灰水主要水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)主要来自碳酸盐岩(方解石和白云石)的溶解。二灰水主要水化学类型为HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型或SO_4·HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,其中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-的主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解,SO_4~(2-)来自硫酸盐岩的溶解作用和黄铁矿的氧化作用。砂岩水主要水化学类型为HCO_3-Na型,Na~+、Cl~-与HCO_3~-主要来自盐岩的溶解和硅酸盐矿物的风化作用。八灰水既有HCO_3-Ca·Mg型和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型,也有HCO_3-Na型,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_~3-和SO_4~(2-)的来源与二灰水一致,Na~+和Cl~-可能来自盐岩的溶解作用以及砂岩水与八灰水的混合作用。     

安庆大别山区矿泉水化学特征及成因模式

安庆大别山区位于大别山造山带东侧,调查研究了该区饮用天然矿泉水6处(锶偏硅酸型2处,锶型1处,偏硅酸型3处),理疗天然矿泉水硅酸水3处。在分析矿泉水的水化学特征和环境同位素特征的基础上,进一步探讨其成因模式。冷泉(井)水(AH1、AH3、AH4、AH5、AH8和AH9)的主要离子为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Na~+和HCO_3~-,水化学类型为HCO_3·Ca型、HCO_3-Ca·Na型或HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,TDS值为90～239 mg/L;温泉(AH2、AH6和AH7)的主要离子为Na~+和SO_4~(2-),水化学类型为SO_4-Na型或SO_4·HCO_3-Na型,TDS值为253～426 mg/L。利用δ~2H值和δ~(18)O值估算的冷泉水的补给区高程为217～346 m,平均温度为17.7℃;温泉水的补给区高程为457～668 m,平均温度为12.6℃。9处矿泉水均为大气降水补给,沿断裂带或裂隙带历经一定深度的循环,在山谷、河谷地带出露地表。温泉地下水的循环深度大、水-岩作用时间长,TDS值、特征化学组分含量均高于冷泉水。     

保定平原区潜水水化学演化特征及成因初探

研究区潜水水质总体较差,主要超标指标和组分为:(NO_3)~-、总硬度、Fe~(2+)、(NO_2)~-、TDS,其次为Cl~-、(SO_4)~(2-)。(NO_3)~-超标点大多出现在城镇居民区、农业生产区及地下水开采区,总硬度的升高主要是由水中Mg~(2+)含量的增加引起的,其含量与水中阴离子组分也有明显的正相关性,矿化度的增加则与水中(SO_4)~(2-)、Na~+的增加密切相关。与本区20世纪70—80年代水质情况对比,现在水质发生了显著的变化,总硬度、TDS、pH值基本上呈上升的趋势,高阳、雄县、安新局部地区矿化度、总硬度的增加显著,而水中各组分的增长幅度依次为:(SO_4)~(2-)Na~+(HCO_3)~-Cl~-Mg~(2+)Ca~(2+),水化学类型由70年代的HCO_3- Ca·Mg(Ca、Mg·Ca)型逐渐复杂多样化,地下水有碱化的趋势。主要从地下水开采方面初步探讨了本区水化学变化的原因。     

纳林河矿区深埋型煤田综合水文地球化学特征研究

为查明纳林河矿区深埋型煤田的矿井水文地球化学特征,开展了各含水层的无机水化学、环境同位素和有机水化学综合研究,结果表明:地表水体和第四系中矿化度均较低,以HCO_3和Ca离子为主,白垩系洛河组水中SO_4和Na离子浓度略有升高,侏罗系含水层中矿化度则显著增加,属于S_O4-Na型水,表明随着地下水埋深的逐渐加大,矿化度逐渐变大,主要离子成分也逐渐增加,水化学类型表现出HCO_3-Ca·Mg→HCO_3-Na→SO_4-Na的变化规律。地表水体中δ~(18)O普遍高于-8.5‰,较富集重同位素,反映地表水受到较强烈的蒸发作用影响;井下水样中δ~(18)O普遍低于-8.5‰,多表现贫重同位素,δD、δ~(18)O值均较低,为深部弱循环特征,在采矿以前为封闭条件较好的滞留型地下水。各含水层中DOM荧光光谱特征差异也非常大,地表水中以类富里酸(Ⅲ区)为主,第四系水中Ⅳ区的荧光峰强度最高,直罗组含水层中则出现了Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区荧光峰的较高值;延安组含水层中荧光强度已不明显。综上所述,开展综合水文地球化学研究,可以更好的区分矿井各含水层水化学特征,为煤矿突水水源判别提供科学依据。     

青岛市大沽河流域地下水水化学时空演化及影响因素分析

为探讨滨海流域地下水水化学成分的时空演化规律及影响因素,以青岛市大沽河流域为研究对象,运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图解法、离子比例系数等方法对2001~2012年137个地下水样的水化学成分进行系统分析。研究结果表明:流域内地下水以碱土金属Ca~(2+)为优势阳离子,重碳酸根HCO_3~-为优势阴离子,主要离子含量年际变化不大,基本符合枯升丰降的原则,但区域差异较为明显;2001~2012年地下水化学类型由Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—SO_4~(2-)—Cl~-、Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—HCO_3~-—Cl~-型变为Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—SO_4~(2-)—Cl~-、Ca~(2+)—Na~+—HCO_3~-—Cl~-、Na~+—Ca~(2+)—Cl~-—HCO_3~-混合型水;岩石风化作用是区内地下水化学组分的主要控制因素;农业活动中氮肥的过度施用、粪便及生活污水等人为来源的输入则为区内NO_3~-含量较高的主要影响因素。     

西藏沃卡温泉水文地球化学特征及成因

通过沃卡温泉出露特征、水化学及同位素组成调查,结合温泉发育的地质背景,研究沃卡温泉的水文地球化学特征和成因。研究表明沃卡温泉出露呈北东向带状展布,明显受断裂控制,温泉水化学类型为Cl·SO_4-Na和SO_4·HCO_3-Na型,阳离子成分为Na+为主,阴离子以Cl~-、SO_4~(2-),pH8.31~8.56,偏碱性,矿化度249.3~366.6mg/l,δD(‰)-150~-157.2,δ18O(‰)-18.3~-22,揭示温泉来源于大气降水补给,补给高程在5 000~5 300m之间。地球化学温标估算沃卡温泉热储温度155℃。泉类型主要为断裂深循环型,沃卡温泉热源主要为深循环地热增温。     

浅析黔东地区岩溶地下水水化学特征

黔东地区碳酸盐岩分布广泛,因其可溶性强,常发育成落水洞、溶洞、岩溶管道等岩溶形态。研究本区岩溶地下水的水化学特征有助于了解地下水的运移规律,具有重大的实际意义。统计分析岩溶地下水水化学特征认为,在丰水期,地下水中的主要组分Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO)3~-、SO_4~(2-)、和矿化度呈现下降的趋势,p H值呈现升高的趋势,地下水动态过程曲线呈尖齿状。在枯水期,主要离子呈现上升、p H值降低的趋势,其平面形态呈波状。从研究区岩溶地下水的化学组分的物质来源看,其主要矿物质成分为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HCO_3~-。矿化度、硬度、钙镁离子浓度之间有明显的正相关关系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with